Giáo trình bóng ném (giáo trình cao đẳng sư phạm) phần 1

NGUYEN HUNG QUAN GIAO TRINH BONG NEM (Giao trinh Cao dang Sit pham) NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SU PHAM Muc luc Trang Chu dan ve ki h ie u Ldi noi d a u .7 PHAN I: GlOl THIEU MON BONG NEM Chuttog I: LjCH SCf HiNH THANH VA PHAT TRI^N MON THE THAO B6NG NEM Nguon goic ddi cua mon Bong n6m Su hinh va phat trien cua mon the thao Bong n6m san to, ngoai trdi 12 Su phat trien cua mon Bong nem san nho hien dai 16 Bong nem Viet Nam 20 Chuvng II: VI TRI* TAC DUNG COA TAP LUYEN BONG NEM VA OAC DIEM TAM SINH LI LLfA TUOI THCS 27 Vi tri tac dung cua tap luyen, thi dau Bong nem 27 Dac diem tam sinh li liia tuoi hoc sinh THCS 28 PHAN II: KI CHIEN THUAT CA NHAN VA CAC CHI DAN VE PHtfdNG PHAP GIANG DAY Chirong I: HE THONG PHAN LOAI CAC Ki THUAT CO BAN TRONG THI DAU BONG NEM .8 Chuvng II: PHAN TICH CAC KI THUAT CO BAN V6l BONG VA CHi DAN VE PHUONG PHAP GIANG DAY 34 Ki thuat nhan bong va cac hanh dong phong thu chong nhan bong 34 KI thuat chuyen bong va cac hanh dong phong th u 39 Ki thuat nem bong vao cau mon va cac hanh dong phong thu chong no 49 Dltn bong va phong thu chong din bong 64 Dong tac gin va phong thu chong •-J'f't'.ir tac ' Chi/ong III: KI CHIEN THUAT CA NHAN CUA CAC VDV TAN CONG KHONG BONG VA CAC BI$N PHAP PHONG THU 69 Y nghia phan loai ki thuat tan rung khonc hong 1*') Ph a n tich mot s o ki thuat c ’ Bong nem chinh thiic Tong cuc TDTT tntdc day (nay la Uy ban TDTT) to chitc tren pham vi toan quoc Trong chitdng trinh Seagames 22 vao nam 2003 to chitc tai Viet Nam, Ian dau tien mon Bong nem da ditdc to chitc thi dau Do dac diem noi troi cua mon Bong nem la phat trien nhanh cac to chat than the nhit siic phan itng nhanh, toe di chuyen va cac kha nang phoi hdp van dong cung nhit tinh linh hoat cua cac hoat dong than kinh •cd nen no ditdc chu phat trien d cac liia tuoi tre, dac biet la cho hoc sinh THCS va sinh vien cac tritdng Cao dang - Dai hoc Chitdng trinh giang day Bong nem da ditdc tri tit nhieu nam d cac tritdng chuyen TDTT nhit Dai hoc TDTT I, II va Cao ddng TDTT Da Nang Tuy nhien no van chita ditdc dita vao giang day d cac tritdng Dai hoc va Cao ddng Sit pham va Sit pham TDTT Chinh vi vay viec hinh va bien soan cuon sach Bong nem Ian danh cho doi titdng la cac sinh vien cua cac tritdng Cao ddng Sit pham la rat bite thiet Vdi tong qui thdi gian la 45 tie't cuon sack Bong nem danh cho doi titdng giao vien Cao ddng Sit pham co cac muc tieu cu the sau day: a Ve kien thitc: Trang bi cho ngitbi hoc nhitng kien thitc cd ban ve ki, chien thuat Bong nem, luat va phitdng phap to chitc thi dau, tdi Trang bi cho ngititi hoc cac kien thitc ve phitdng phap giang day cho cac hoc sinh THCS va huan luyen cac doi tuyen Bong nem thieu nien b Ve ki nang thitc hanh Thitc hien ditdc d mile chinh xdc cac ki thuat cd ban (qui dinh chitdng trinh) Thitc hien ditdc d mite titdng doi dung mot so chien thuat cd ban va tit tham gia thi dau d mite titdng ditdng vdi trinh cua cap III VDV Co the thitc hien ditdc cac cdng viec cua tdi dieu harih tran dau d cap thieu nien cung nhit to chitc giang day, huan luyen Bong nem cho hoc sinh THCS Vi qui thcfi gian co han nen cuon sach Bong nem khong de cap den phan luat thi dau Bong nem cung nhit cac phan md rong them ve mat kien thitc chuyen mon md no se ditdc hitdng dan cu the phan gidi thieu d cac tdi lieu tham khao d cuoi cuon sach hodc d cac phan tong ket d cuoi cac phan cuon sach * Trong qua trinh bien soan, chung tdi da nhan ditdc sit hdp tac giup did nhiet tinh cua lanh dao Ditan Dao tao giao vien THCS va cac ban dong nghiep Chung toi xin bay to long cam dn sau sdc Do trinh va thdi gian co han, quyen sach khong trdnh khoi nhitng han chevd thieu sot Rat mong nhan ditdc nhitng y kien dong gop quy bdu tit cac ban dong nghiep va doc gia Xin chan cam dn ! mmamm Chwong x LICH SU5HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN MON THE THAO BONG NEM N gu on g o c d d i cu a m on B ong nem Trong lich sU phat trien cua loai ngUdi thi cac bai tap giao due the chat cung nhu cac tro chdi van dong vdi muc dich ren luyen than the, truyen thu ki nang san, bat, hai lufdm da luon gan chat vdi ddi song cua ngUdi d thdi ki co dai Lich sii cung da ghi nhan vao nam 776 trudc cong nguyen da dien dai hoi the thao Olympic co dai dau tien d Hy Lap vdi cac mon the thao chu yeu la chay, nhay va nem day NhUng cung tijf the ki thti sau triidc cong nguyen ngUdi ta ghi nhan dUdc nhiing buic hoa tren cac binh co d Hy Lap co ve nhiing ngUdi dan ong chdi cac tro chdi “cudi ngUa nem bong” la tien than cua cac mon the thao hien dai vdi bong sau Tuy nhien phai chd tdi the ki XVIII cuoc cach mang cong nghiep no manh me d chau Au Bac My v.v va keo theo no la he tu mdi cua nhiing ngUdi tham gia lao dong, mot san phaim cua nen cong nghiep hoa vdi nhiing cong doan san xuat theo day chuyen va la khdi nguon ddi cua nhieu mon the thao tap the vdi luat chdi phuc tap va chat che nhu Bong da, Bong chuyen, Bong n6m, Bong ro v.v Nd ro nh&t cua thdi diem ddi cua cac mon bong hi$n dai phai dUdc tinh ttif niia cuoi the ki XIX - la vao cag nam (txnh theo thdi diem xu£t ban lufit chdi d&u tien) 1852 ddi mon Hockey 1862 ddi mon Bong da 1892 ddi mon Bong nem 1894 ddi mon Bong ro 1896 ddi mon Bong chuyen Tro ch(ri “cuoi ngua nem bong” cua ngu&i dan ong co dai Hy Lap (TK VI-TCN) Thdi diem ddi luat chdi cua cac mon bong hien dai da ro, co mon Bong nem Tuy nhien nguon goc phat sinh mon the thao Bong nem cf nUdc nao la dieu bo ngo Dieu khong chi b mon Bong nem ma d nhieu mon bong hien dai khac cung tUdng tU vi co rat it mon the thao hien dai lai co nguon goc ddi tijf mot nUdc cu the Nhutng nghien cCfu g&n day da chi ring, Bong nem la mon the thao hien dai, xuat hien d&u tien d chau Au va khu vuc ddi la tren ban dao Scang-di-navd (vung Thuy Dien, Na Uy, Dan Mach) Bong nem: Ten tieng Anh la Handball, xuat phat tut tCr “Hand” la tay va ‘’Ball” la bong Co mot so tai lieu cho rSng vao nam 1890 mot giao sU ngvfdi Diic ten la Konzad Koch da sang tao mot tro chdi the thao mdi co ten la Raffballspiele (mon bong nha ngheo) la tien than cua mon Bong nem chinh thong sau Con d Tiep Kh&c co xuat hien mon Bong nem san nho vao nam 1892 nhu la mot mon the thao dan toe vdi ten goi la ‘’Ceska hazena” cung vdi Bo lulkt sd khai nhU: * San hinh chut nhat - dai 45m, rong 30m * C&u mon cao - 2m40, rong 2m * TrUdc cau mon ve mot hinh chii nhat, sau dUdc thay b&ng hinh ban nguyet co ban ki'nh R = 6m * SoVD V moi ben la ngUdi * Thdi gian chdi la hiep - moi hiep 1& 20 phut Con d Dan Mach vao nam 1898 co mot Giao sU la Holger Nielsen truyen ba mon the thao va goi la "Handbold” C) nUdc Dilc sau vao nam 1915 hinh mon Bong nem goi la ‘TorbaU” vdi kich thudc san hinh chut nhat la 40 x 20m C lu mon rong 2m va cao 2m50 vong ban nguyet trUdc san co: R = 4m Bachmann truyen ba va bien soan Sau nay, vao khoang nam 1917, nhd cong cua Carl Sehlent, Max Heiser va Erich Konig ma mon Bong nem dUdc truyen ba vao cac nUdc My, Aixlen, Y, Thuy Si, Phap v.v Mai cho den nam 1934 Thuy Dien m6i bien soan mot bo luat thi dau Bong nem san nho (diia vao luat chdi cua mot so' nUdc lan can) de trinh len Uy ban Quoc te ve Bong nem cong nhan la Luat Quoc te Lien doan Bong nem Quoc te chinh thutc dUdc lap vao nam 1928 luc co ten la IAHF va dUdc bo sung lai vao nam 1946 Hien Lien doan Bong nem Quoc te da lap vdi tren 144 nUdc vien IHF da to chijfc giai vo dich the gidi cho nam vao nam 1938 va cho nut tCr nam 1957 vdi chu ki hai nam mot lan Bong nem san to ngoai trdi danh cho nam dUdc dUa vao thi dau lan dau tien d Dai hoi Olympic l&n thut l i d Beclin 1936 11 Sit hinh va phat trien cua mon the thao Bong nem san to, ngoai trcfi Nguon goc phat sinh cua Bong nem san to ngoai trdi dUdc bat dau cl nUdc Dtic TrUdc d Diic cung nhu cac niidc chau Au da hinh va phat trien mon Bong nem san nho Mot giao sU cua trUdng Cao dang TDTT Beclin ten la Carlschelent da co cong truyen ba rong rai mon the thao khong nhulng d rieng niidc Dtic ma lan rong ca chau Au Thdi diem dUdc ti'nh cho sU phat sinh cua mon the thao nhu la mot nhanh cua mon Bong nem chi'nh thong la vao nam 1917 Va chinh Giao sir Carl Sehlent da phu trach ldp boi dUdng Bong nem Chau Au khoang 30 nam lien Cac hoc sinh cua ong da quay trd lai nude minh va day len phong trao tap luyen Bong nem san to ngoai trdi rat manh me Luat chdi va cach chdi cua mon Bong nem san to gan giong nhu vdi luat choi cua mon Bong nem san nho, diem khac chu yeu la: San bai: san la cac bai co, co the sii dung san Bong Da vdi ki'ch thudc chieu doc la 90 den 110m, chieu ngang tCf 55 - 65m * Vung cam cua thu mon cd ban ki'nh R = 13m (tam dUdc ti'nh ti* diem giiia cua cau mon) * Con vach nem phat tu co ban kinh R = 19m * Vach phat den co dai la 14m tfnh tCt vach ngang cuoi san trd * Cau mon rong 7m32 va cao 2m44 * Cach vach ngang cuoi san 35m cd vach vach ngang de chia san lam phan san b ln g * Mot doi bong bao gom 13 VDV co dang ki la thu mon va dau thu du bi cho cac dau thu tren san Cho tdi nam 1945 thi co them luat b it viet vi Luat ban dau cho phep VDV dUdc phep cam bong chay (khong co luat chav budc va luat giO bong tav qua giav) Khi mot dau thu dang giu bong thi cac dau thu khac co quyen xong vao de gianh va cudp lai bong 12 Cac hanh ddng tiep dien cua dong tac gia Trtfdc Dong tac gia Sau Nhan bong Nhan bong va din bong Gia chuyen Gia nem bong vao cdu mon Gia dot pha bang din bong vao cau mon - Chuyen bong - Nem bong vao cau mon - Dot pha sau v&o khu vuc cau mon Mot so vi du cu the ve dong tac gid Dong tac gia ■Chuyen bdng sang trai, len cao - Chuyin b6ng sang phai - N6m bong vao cau mon - N6m bong mot tay dxldi tha'p cl cao ngang hong hoac ngang dlu goi - Dot pha sang trai - Gia n6m hoac gia chuyen Hanh ddng sau ddng tac gia - Chuyin bong bat dtft sang phia ben - Chuyen bong sang trai bang k! thuat chuyin sau ltfng - Chuyin bong cho dong doi - Nem bong cao ngang dlu hoac nga nghieng n6m bong - Dot pha sang phai - D6t pha vao clu m6n Hinh 31: Gid nem sang ddn bdng ddt phd 69 Hinh 32: Gid ddt pha sang ddi pha 5J2 Chi ddn ve chien thuat Dong tac gia la mot ph&n quan trong thi dau, v&y hanh dong gia phai tao nhu the nao de tao nen phan ting doi ph cua ngtfdi phong thu va sau yeu cau van dung tot, dieu luyen cac hanh dong that Stf van dung cac dong tac gia luon phai dtfa vao yeu dku chien thu&t ma tinh huong thi dau cu the doi hoi Viec ltfa chon dong tac gia luon phai phu hop vdi vi tri cua ngtfdi thtfc hien, cung nhtf hoan canh phong thu cua doi phtfdng hoac stf tham gia cua dong doi luc Y nghla to ldn va ket qua cua dong tac gia la stf thtfc hien co nhip dieu ca mot chuoi dong tac (trtfdc, va sau do) Do vay hanh dong gia phai dtfdc nhan manh that ro nhlm gay nen phan ting cua do'i phtfdng, dong tac that tiep theo phai dtfdc thtfc hien nhanh, dot ngot nh&m v&n dung thdi gian ngin, co ldi cho ngtfdi thtfc hien Ttf ttfdng phong thu doi vdi cac hanh dong cua dong tac gia phai la nhting phan ting that stf co tac dung nhtf: can pha, ngan chan hoac gay kho khan cho cac hanh dong cua VDV Um cong, dong thdi cung phai co kha nang can pha tiep sau cac hanh dong khac cua ngtfdi tan cong Qua qua trinh thtfdng xuyen stfa chtia cac sai lim phong thu cung nhtf ren luyen stf tap trung chu y cao phong thu dan dan se giup cho ngtfdi phong thu nhan biet mot cach chinh xac cac hanh dong gia va that cua ngtfdi tan cong Con cac tinh huong cl xa khu vtfc clu mon thi tot nhat la ngtfdi phong thu quay ve chiem linh cac vi tri xung yeu phong thu de chong stf dot pha cua ngtfdi din bong vao khu vtfc sat vach c&'m cua thu mon 5.3 Cac chi dan ve phitdng phap De thtfc hien co hieu qua dong tac gia, dieu quan la ngtfdi tap phai thuc hien tot va thao mot loat cac hanh dong ki thuat khac nhtf: din, chuyen, nem va dot pha v.v Ve luyen tap trtfdc tien la bln g cac bai tap bo trd khong ti'nh tdi cac vi tri chuyen mon day chu yeu la luyen tap nham nam vtfng cac dong tac gia ddn le dieu kien ddn gian khong co doi khang trtfc tiep Sau lap ghep chung cac tinh huong chien thuat cu the hoac d cac vi tri chuyen mon khac Doi vdi dong tac dot pha la dong tac gia thi trtfdc tien luyen tap dot pha ttf khu vtfc xa tdi sat cau mon, sau thtfc hien ttf ngoai hai bien vao Dac biet nen sii dung ddi khang trtfc tiep 1:1 viec hoan thien dong tac gia 71 Chuong KI, CHIEN THUAT CA NHAN CUA CAC VDV TAN CONG KHONG BONG VA CAC BIEN PHAP PHONG THU Y nghia, phan loai ki thuat tan cong khong bong Tat ca cac VDV deu co vi tri cu the cua minh doi nha dang khong che bong Stf cong thi dau cua mot dpi bong phu thuoc cl mot mtfc nao day vao cac hoat dong khong co bong cua cac VDV K i thuat cd nhan cua VDV tan cong khong bong gom : a) Tii the chuan bi b) Cac dang di chuyen nhii: di, chay tha long, chay bien hiidng, bien toe c) Diing d) Quay ngiidi va chay vong e) Chan (chan bdng than triidc va chan bang liing) g) Dong tac gid Phan tich mot so ki thuat cd ban cua VDV tan cong khong bong 2.1 Tit the chuan bi Tu the chuan bi cd ban thi dau Bong nem la the diing hdi nghieng ngtfdi va gap nhe d khdp dau goi, mSt luon htfdng vao vi tri cua VDV tan cong dang co bong, dong thdi cung htfdng vao doi thu phong thu cl vi tri gan nhat de co the nhan bong hoac xuat phat di bat ctf htfdng nao mot cach d i dang Trong ttf the chuan bi cd ban cua VDV phong thu, can chu y hdn tdi cao cua hai tay d phia trtfdc cd the va than trtfdc hdi gap ve phia trtfdc 72 Tu the cd ban se giup ngtfdi phong thu co the de dang xuat phat nhanh tdi moi htfdng hoac nhanh chong duoi thang tay len phia tren chin bong cung nhu lay da nhanh nhay 2.2 Cac dang di chuyen Chay la ki thuat quan nhat cac bien phap di chuyen Tuy theo yeu clu cua chien thuat thi dau ma ngtfdi tan cong sii dung cac loai hinh chay khac nhtf: chay tha long, chay nhanh, chay bien toe hoac bien htfdng Dieu dac biet chu y chay la luon phai quan tam tdi hoat dong cua VDV co bong va cac hoat dong VDV phong thu gan nhat 2.3 Quay ngtldi va chay vong - Khi quay ngtfdi bao gid cung phai lay mot chan lam tru: Vdi mui chan lam tru chi can quay 90° va vdi got chan lam tru can quay vdi goc ldn hdn 90° - Trong chay vong thi c&n chu y luc vong tam hdi ve ben trong, canh tay ben ngoai vung ttfdng doi rong de gifl thang bang 2.4 Ditng va dong tac gid Dting dot ngot cung nhtf chay bien toe, bien htfdng la nhting bien phap can ban cua cac hoat dong dong tac gia khong co bong Trtfdc citing (trtfdc btfdc cuoi cung) phai co stf chu^n bi nhtf thap tam, chan sau btfdc len hdi dai hdn binh thtfdng va mui ban chan hdi xoay vao de tao nen phan ltfc cho dong tac hoan xung dting 2.5 Chan Chan la hoat dong co chu y cua VDV tan cong khong bong, nham yem ho va ngan chan stf phong thu true tiep doi vdi VDV tan cong co bdng Co the dung than trtfdc hoac than sau de chan htfdng di chuyen trtfc tiep cua ngtfdi bi chan nham ho trd cho VDV tan cong co bdng Chi dan ve chien thuat Cac hanh dong cua VDV tan cong khong bdng deu htfdng tdi hai muc dich: - Muc dich thii nhat la bang cac hoat dong di chuyen cua minh nhtf 73 luon chuyen doi giiia dting va xuat phat cung vdi sii tAp trung chu y v&o VDV tan cong dang co bong se tao len ap liic hoat dong rong cua toan ddi Muc dich thit hai la b ln g cac hoat dong khong bong cua minh se tao nen thdi cO thuan ldi nhat ca ve khong gian va thdi gian de co the nhan bong cua dong doi Thdi cd co ldi se xay doi phUdng mot thdi diem nao d6 phai hudng sii chu y vao nhting tinh huong xay thi dau nhii VDV dang co bong v.v Cac hoat dong khong bong phai tao dieu kien hoat dong manh phia ben cua tay ngtfdi elm bong nham phat huy dtfdc the manh cua ngtfdi tan cong dang co bong Stf di chuyen thtfdng xuyen lien tuc cua ngtfdi ta'n cong se nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua ca nhan va cua ca dong doi vi no 16m phan tan stf tap trung chu y cua hang phong thu va nhtf vky se gay kho khan cho viec to chtic cua ben phong thu Chi dan ve phtfdng phap Cac dong tac cua VDV tan cong va phong thu khong bong nhtf: chay ttf do, xuat phat, dtfng, chay bien toe v.v can dtfdc luyen tap thtfdng xuyen b cac buoi tap hoac thi dau Dieu can thiet trtfdc tien la phai chi dan cac htfdng can chuyen dong cac hoat dong khong bong O day nen ltfa chon cac bai tap co ngtfdi chan bong hoac cac bai tap phoi hdp nhom hai ngtfdi Sau da hoan thien dtfdc cac hoat dong cua ca nhan thi nhanh chong dtfa cac tinh huong chien thuat cu the vao bai tap va doi hoi d VDV tan cong khong bong phai biet van dung tot thdi cd va thdi diem de co the nhan dtfdc chinh xac dtfdng chuyen bong cua dong doi va tiep tuc md rong cac hoat dong co bong Qua day thay rang viec ket hdp chien thuat cua ca nhan va dong doi la rat quan ^ day nen stf dung cac bai tap thi dau co doi khang phu hdp nhtf: chong , chong v.v hoac stf dung cac mon bong khac nhtf: Bong da, Bong ro, la nhting phtfdng tien hua'n luyen co hieu qua cao nham phat trien cac hoat dong khong bong cua VDV 74 Chuong Kf, CHIEN THUAT CA NHAN CUA THU MON * Trong doi bong thi thu mon giijf mot vi tri vo cung quan va dac biet, vay ngtfdi thu mon ngoai viec phai nam bat va thuc nhiing ki, chien thuat ri§ng biet, doi hoi long dung cam, tinh quyet doan cung nhtf cac to' chat rieng biet nhtf: kha nang phan xa, kha nang phan doan tinh huong v.v Phan loai ki thuat cua thu mdn 1.1 Ki thuat cua thu mon phong thu Tat ca cac dong tac phong thu bang ban tay, canh tay, than ngiidi va chan deu la nhiing nhiem vu quan cua thu mon Hoat dong cua thu mon dtfdc phan cac ki thuat chinh sau a) Tii the chuan bi b) Cac bien phap di chuyen chiem vi tri phong thu c) Phong thu bdng tay ■Bat bong - Chan bong d) Phong thu b ln g chan e) Pho'i hdp phong thu tay va chan f) Phong thu b ln g than g) Phong thu nhay h) Phong thu xoac m) Dong tac gia 75 1.2 K i thuat cua thu mon tan cong a) Phat bong vdi muc dich chuyen bong b) Phat bong vdi muc dich nem bong vdo cdu mdn c) Tham gia tan cong (nhii mot VDV tren sdn) * Phan tich mot so ki thuat cd ban cua thu mdn 2.1 Tit the chuan bi Hieu qua hoat dong cua thu mon trudc tien phu thuoc vao tu the chuan bi ban dau va viec thudng xuyen kiem tra ttf the, vi tri cua minh phong thu Tuy theo tinh the bong dang xay b tren san ma thu mon luon phai thay doi vi tri cho phu hpp vdi no Neu nhtf bong dang hoat dong b khu vtfc phia trtfdc thi thu mon thtfdng la b khoang 0,5 tdi lm trtfdc vach ngang cua c lu mon (!) tu the hai chan rong bang vai, khdp goi hoi khuyu, tam don dlu len hai chan va rdi vao phan trtfdc ban chan, hai tay co va giut cao ngang vai Mat luon theo doi dtfdng di chuyen cua bong cung nhtf cac hoat dong cua ca hang t&'n cong va phong thu (xem hinh 32) Con neu nhtf bong dtfdc nem tdi vi tri bien (ttf so' va vao) thi vi tri cua thu mon ban dau se sat d phia trtfdc cua cot cau mon Tay phia se gid cao hdn tay phia ngoai (xem hinh 33, 34) 76 M ot so 'sa i lam thudng m ac va ca ch siia chtfa Sai l&m thtfdng mac Cach sifa chtfa Than ngtfdi qua nga ve trUdc Tay chu dong giU cao hdn vai va hai chan luon va tam don ve mot ddng day, diing tren nUa trtfcic ban chan chan Thu mon tu danh dau cac vi tri phia tren Vi tri ban dau sai lech nhieu so cua khung de lam dau so sanh v6i cau mon cac giai doan huan luyen ban d&u Thay doi dot ngot cac htfdng nem vao cau mon de thu mon co dieu kien kiem tra vi tri chuan 2.2 Cac bien p h a p di ch u yen Trong phong thu thtfdng dung cac bien phap chinh sau: a Biidc triidt ngang, trtfot tien va lui Yeu linh chu yeu d day la can di chuyen sang htfdng nao thi tam don sang ben trtfdc, dong thdi dich chuyen chan ben htfdng di chuyen trtfdc sang mot btfdc, chan nhip nhang keo theo (hai chan khong vtfdt qua nhau), than tren v ln gitf nguyen, m&t luon theo doi bong, (hinh 35) b Biidc cheo Thtfdng sii dung thu mon can di chuyen sang trai, hoac sang phai mot btfdc dai Thi du, muon di chuyen sang phai thi tam nghieng ve ben phai, chan trai btfdc mot btfdc dai vtfdt qua chan phai va nhanh chong keo chan phai qua phai trd lai ttf the ban dau (hinh 36) Hinh 35: Buoc truqt ngang Hinh 36: Buoc cheo don 77 c Btfdc chay Dtfdc stf dung chu yeu cac trUdng hdp ISiy bong xa than ngtfdi khu vtfc cam cua thu mon hoac nhat bong d sau khung de chuan bi cho cac hoat dong phan cong nhanh Yeu linh ki thuat giong nhtf chay cua cac VDV t&'n cong va phong thu tren san 2.3 Bat bong La ki thuat thu mon phai biet set dung thao bong bay tdi d cao, thap khac Bat bong tot se tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho doi nha co the phat dong tan cong nhanh de dtit diem Tuy nhien thtfc te, thu mon rat kho co the sii dung bat bong thudng xuyen ma chu yeu la cac hoat dong chan, pha bong a Bat bong d cao ngang ngtfc Yeu linh ki thuat giong nhtf dong tac bat bong bang hai tay cd ban trtfdc ngtfc b Bat bong bong Tuy theo cao cua dtfdng bong bay tdi ma thu mon co the diing tai cho hoac nhay cao len bat bong Luc bat bong hai tay gid len cao, long ban tay htfdng trtfdc va tao hinh tui ddn bdng Hai ngon cai de sat Khi bdng cham tay thi ban tay nhanh chong om lay bdng, cang tay co nhanh lai de lam dong tac hoan xung va giCt bdng d phia trtfdc ngtfc c Bat bong dtfdi thap Bat bdng dtfdi thap bdng bay tdi sat ngtfdi va d cao ngang hong trd xuong Neu bdng bay sat mat dat hoac nufa thi dung dong tac quy de bat bdng TCf ttf the chuan bi ban dau chan trtfdc, chan sau, tam rdi deu len hai mui ban chan, hai dau goi khuyu nhieu, dau goi cua chan sau gan sat vdi got chan trtfdc, hai tay htfdng thang ttf nhien, long ban tay htfdng trtfdc va xuong dtfdi, hai ngon trd de sat Khi hai tay cham bdng thi lam dong tac bat bong, cac ngon tay om chat bdng va co nhanh cang tay len ngUc 78 2.4 Chan bong Chan bong la mot hoat dong chu yeu va quan cua thu mon Chan bong ve nguyen tac sii dung de dang hdn bat bong vay thi dau no cung dtfdc van dung thtfdng xuyen de ngan chan nhiing dtfdng bong bay tdi nhanh va manh vao cac goc cua khung Tuy nhien sau hoat dong chan bdng, thu mdn phai tiep tuc cac hoat dong quan khac nhtf lay lai bdng, hoac vo lai bdng Tuy theo nhiing tinh huong cu the tren san ma thu mdn cd the dung tay, chan, than hoac phoi hdp giiia tay va chan de chan bdng Neu nhtf ddi phtfdng nem bdng vao goc cao cua cau mdn thi thu mdn chu yeu dudi thang ban tay va canh tay de ddn bdng, long ban tay htfdng ve dtfdng bdng bay tdi, cac ngon tay xoe deu va co tay ttfdng doi ciing de chong bdng bat qua manh hat vao cham tay Luc tay cham bdng thi dung ltfc cua co’ tay gap xuong de bdng cd the dtfdc hoan xung va rdi xuong phia trtfdc cd the Sau thu mdn nhanh chong bat lai bdng de tiep tuc cac hoat dong khac nhtf: chuyen bong, phat dong ta'n cong nhanh hoac nem bdng true tiep vao ciu mdn ben ddi phtfdng thay thii mdn len qua cao phia tren khu vtfc ciia thu mdn Neu nhtf ddi phtfdng nem vao goc thap cua khung thi thu mdn dung chan nhay sat mat dat ve phia bdng, dong thdi nghieng ngtfdi, vtfdn thang tay ho trd chan de chan bdng Diem cham bdng chu yeu la long cua ban chan nham md rong khong che cua bdng Neu bdng dtfdc nem d cao 1/2 cau mdn thi thu mdn phdi hdp ca tay va chan de chan bdng Diem cham bdng cd the la dui, cang chan hoac tay Con neu bdng dtfdc nem tdi tii hai goc (tii bien vao) thi thii mdn triidc phai biet chiem vi tri ban dau cho phu hdp Tuy theo goc md ciia ngtfdi nem bdng vao khung ma vi tri ban dau cua thu mdn cd the la d sat vdi coc cau mdn hoac d phia tren cua coc cau mdn mdt chut 79 Hinh 37: Tu the chuan bi cua thu Hinh 38: Tu the chuan bi cua thu mdn ddi phucmg tan cdng tit khu mdn ddi phucmg nim bdng tit vuc giiia vdo hai ben vdo Hinh 39: Thu mdn phong thu bdng chan va tay chong nem sat mat dat vdo gdc cua doi phucmg Hinh 40: Thu mdn phoi horp chan va tay phong thu nhitng du&ng bdng nem vdo cdu mdn a cao ngang hong 80 Cac chi' dan ve chien thuat Nhiem vu quan cua thii mon la bat va ngan chan khong cho bong cua ddi phtfdng nem vao khung cua minh, vay huan luyen can phai giup cho thu mdn sti dung thao cac ki thuat dac biet cua thii mdn nhtf: bat va can pha bdng vao khung Thu mdn phai nhan thiic dtfdc rang, hieu qua cua cac ddt phat dong tan cong nhanh phu thuoc trtfdc tien vao kha nang nhanh chong lay lai bdng cua thu mdn sau phong thu (ca chay ngoai lay bdng d sau khung thanh) va sU chuyen nhanh, chinh xac cua thu mdn, cong vdi stf phdi hdp phat dong nhanh cua cac cau thu tren san phat dong tan cong nhanh De dam bao bat va ngan chan tot khong cho bdng vao khung thi viec di chuyen ddn bdng va chiem vi tri phong thu cua thu mdn la ctfc ki quan Ve nguyen t§c, thu mdn chi di chuyen d phia (giiia hai coc cua cau mdn) va hdi lech sang phia ben tay nem bdng cua VDV, vay luon ddi hdi thu mdn di chuyen phai luon kiem tra vi tri cua minh so vdi hai coc cua cau mdn va ngtfdi dang cd bdng Vi tri cua thu mdn cd nhiing thay doi, thuoc vao stf phoi hdp giiia thu mdn va cac VDV phong thu chan bdng Ve phtfdng dien chien thuat thi phong thu chan bdng phai chan doi dien vdi tay nem va chan bdng vao goc cau mdn gan nhat, vi tri cua thu mdn hdi ep ve phia goc xa cua khung de cd the ddn cac dtfdng Bdng nem doi htfdng cua VDV tan cong, dong thdi van cd the ddn dtfdc cac dtfdng bdng cham tay chan di thang vao goc gan cua cau mdn Khi doi nha dang cd bdng tan cong thi vi tri cua thu mdn thtfdng d khoang cach 7m de cd the nhanh chong nhan nhiing dtfdng bdng bat ngtfdc trd lai san nha, hoac cd the cat dtfdc dtfdng chuyen bdng dai phan cong nhanh cua doi phtfdng Ngoai ra, thu mdn phai biet stf dung dong tac gia de danh lCra ngtfdi tan cong, nhat la phong thu nem phat den 7m Viec stf dung dong tac gia trtfdc het ddi hdi thu mdn phai nam dtfdc ttfdng doi ki cac dac diem nem bdng cua doi phtfdng cung nhtf kha nang tam li ben viing cua ho cac hoan canh thi dau cu the - GTBN 81 Cac chi dan ve phtfdng phap Dieu nhat thiet la giai doan huan luyen cd ban ban dau phai huan luyen toan dien de phat trien cac mat nhtf nhQng VDV thi d&'u khac NhQng VDV co tai nang dac biet, phu hdp vdi stf phat tnen tot cua thu mon sau se dtfdc lay sang huan luyen thu mon rieng biet cua cac giai doan tiep theo Viec huan luyen thu mon cung dtfdc dien theo nguyen tic tii huan luyen ca nhan den huan luyen theo nhom (ttic la phoi hdp vdi hang phong thu) Sau day gicii thieu mot so bai tap sik dung huan luven thu mon: Cac bai tap chay, nhay co cong them yeu cau phoi hdp van dong (kheo leo) + Chay va chuyen doi htfdng theo hieu lenh + Cac bai tap xuat phat tii cac ttf the chuan bi ban dau khac nhtf: ngoi, quy, nam, ltfng htfdng xuat phat + Di chuyen tien, lui, ngang bang cac btfdc trtfdt + Cac bai tap nhay cao, nhay xa, nhay co ket hdp nhtf: nhay len cao va dtfa chan sang ngang Cac bai tap phan xa (phan iing) Cac bai tap huan luyen kha nang thang bang Cac bai tap keo dai tay, vai, hong, chan Cac bai tap vo, bit bong tu! nhieu ttf the ban dau khac cua thu mon Cac bai tap phan xa b it bong tii ttfdng bat d khoang cach - 4m, thu mon ttf nem bong vao ttfdng va VDV tan cong khac nem bong vao ttfdng Cac bai tap phong thu chong nem bong tu! cac vi tri vao khong co ngtfdi phong thu va co ngtfdi phong thu d hang tren Sap xep VDV co bong diing hang ngang d vach 9m va nem bong vao cau mon theo hieu lenh cua huan luyen vien (co the thay doi cac kieu nem bong de tang ctfdng kha nang phong thu cua thu mon), Phong thu cua thu mon d tiing vi tri dac biet nhtf: so 4, so" so 2, so , so va v.v nem bong vao cau mon 82 Luyen t&p cac dang phan cong nhanh tif bong chuyen len cua thu mon + Tap chuyen bong len cho cac VDV xuat phat trtfdc len cac vi tri ttf co ldi cho viec tan cong nhanh + Nem bong cho thu mon, sau thu mon bat dtfpc bong va chuyen bong len cho VDV doi nha co dieu kien xuat phat len sdm nhat va co ldi nhat v.v Ojnh htfdng nghien curu Hay neu nhiing tieu chuain cu the cua mot ki thuat hoan hao (ca ki thuat tan cong va phong thu) Nhiing dang nem bong nao ma mot VDV Bong nem phai biet hoac stf dung thao thi dau: a Trong dao tao cd ban b Trong huan luyen nang cao Nhiing ki thuat cd ban nao ma mot VDV tan cong phai nam viing de van dung tinh huong tan cong : Hay chi nhiing tieu chuan cu the de danh gia mot ki thuat s\i dung dung hdp li: a Ki thuat nem bong cku mon b Ki thuat chuyen bong Hay thong ke va bien soan nhiing bai tap nham hoc mdi va hoan thien ki thuat nem bong ciu mon mot tay tren vai Tai lieu tham khao TS Harre: Hoc thuyet huan luyen\ NXB TDTT; Ha Noi; 1996 (Ban dich cua TS Trtfdng Anh Tuan, TS Bui The Hien) Nguyen Hung Quan; Huan luyen Bong nem\ NXB TDTT; 2000; Trang 116 - 141 Men chel: Bong nem (danh cho htfdng dan vien); NXB TDTT; 2000 83