Luận án Tiến sĩ Quan hệ Mỹ Ấn Độ từ năm 2014 đến năm 2022

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN QUÁCH THỊ HUỆ QUAN HỆ MỸ - ẤN ĐỘ TỪ NĂM 2014 ĐẾN NĂM 2022 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ Hà Nội-2023 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN QUÁCH THỊ HUỆ QUAN HỆ MỸ - ẤN ĐỘ TỪ NĂM 2014 ĐẾN NĂM 2022 Chuyên ngành: Quan hệ quốc tế Mã số: 9310601.01 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: GS.TS Phạm Quang Minh Hà Nội-2023 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan cơng trình nghiên cứu cá nhân hướng dẫn khoa học Tôi xin cam đoan số liệu, kết luận nghiên cứu trình bày luận án trung thực chưa công bố hình thức Những thơng tin tham khảo từ cơng trình nghiên cứu khác tác giả thích rõ nguồn Tơi xin chịu trách nhiệm cơng trình nghiên cứu Tác giả luận án Quách Thị Huệ LỜI CÁM ƠN Hoàn thành Luận án ước ngo t quan trọng cá nhân Trước hết xin ày t l ng iết n sâu sắc k nh trọng thầy hướng dẫn GS TS Ph m Quang Minh người hướng dẫn khoa học truyền l a đam mê nghiên cứu tinh thần cầu thị nghiêm t c khoa học để c thể ước vào đường chun mơn thuận lợi hồn thành Luận án tiến s trước tiến độ Tôi trân trọng cảm n Khoa Quốc tế học - n i gắn với suốt tháng n m học chư ng trình đào t o Tiến s Các Thầy Cơ đ c iệt GS TS Hồng Khắc Nam – trưởng Khoa Quốc tế học tận tâm hướng dẫn tận tình dìu dắt gi p đ để em c thể hoàn thành việc học tập chuyên đề c sản ph m nghiên cứu liên quan đ t chất lượng hoàn thành luận án với kết tốt đ p Tôi xin trân trọng cảm n Ph ng t o Thư viện Trường Xã hội Nhân v n i học Khoa học i học Quốc gia Hà Nội thư viện Học viện Ch nh trị quốc gia Hồ Ch Minh c quan hữu quan gi p đ m t thủ tục tư liệu trình học tập hồn thành luận án Tơi xin cảm n Học viện Ch nh trị quốc gia Hồ Ch Minh đồng nghiệp t i Viện Quan hệ quốc tế t o điều kiện thuận lợi công việc thời gian ủng hộ nhiệt thành kh ch lệ m nh m để c động lực phấn đấu vư n lên hoàn thành nhiệm vụ học tập đ y m nh công tác nghiên cứu khoa học suốt thời gian qua Tôi xin cảm n gia đình người thân ln chia s cảm thơng động viên để c thể tập trung thời gian cho việc hồn thành chư ng trình học Hà Nội, ngày tháng năm 2022 Tác giả luận án Quách Thị Huệ MỤC LỤC LỜI CAM OAN LỜI CÁM ƠN MỤC LỤC DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT DANH MỤC BẢNG BIỂU Ồ MỞ ẦU Chư ng TỔNG QUAN TÌNH HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU 14 1 Các cơng trình nghiên cứu liên quan đến luận án 14 1 Các cơng trình yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 14 1.1.2 Các cơng trình nghiên cứu tổng thể quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 18 1 Các cơng trình quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ l nh vực cụ thể 24 Nhận xét cơng trình nghiên cứu vấn đề Luận án cần tập trung giải 33 ánh giá chung tình hình nghiên cứu 33 2 Những vấn đề luận án kế thừa 37 Những “khoảng trống” mà luận án s nghiên cứu ổ sung 38 Chư ng CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN VÀ NHỮNG NHÂN TỐ TÁC ỘNG ẾN QUAN HỆ M - ẤN Ộ (2014 - 2022) 39 Một số vấn đề l luận quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 39 2 Các nhân tố tác động đến quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 42 2 Cấp độ toàn cầu 42 2 Cấp độ khu vực 47 2 Cấp độ liên quốc gia 50 2.2 Cấp độ quốc gia 53 2 Cấp độ cá nhân 56 TIỂU KẾT CHƯƠNG 60 Chư ng THỰC TRẠNG QUAN HỆ M - ẤN Ộ TRÊN LĨNH VỰC CH NH TR - NGOẠI GIAO AN NINH - QUỐC PHÒNG 62 3.1 Quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ l nh vực ch nh trị - ngo i giao 62 1 Các ho t động trao đổi đoàn cấp cao Mỹ Ấn ộ 63 Thiết lập c chế hợp tác ký kết v n ản 70 3 Quan hệ ch nh trị - ngo i giao Mỹ - Ấn ộ c chế đa phư ng 73 3.2 Quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ l nh vực an ninh - quốc ph ng 77 Vị tr hợp tác an ninh – quốc ph ng quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 77 2 Triển khai hợp tác an ninh – quốc ph ng l nh vực 84 3 Hợp tác an ninh – quốc ph ng Mỹ - Ấn ộ c chế đa phư ng 93 TIỂU KẾT CHƯƠNG 97 Chư ng THỰC TRẠNG QUAN HỆ M - ẤN Ộ 99 TRÊN LĨNH VỰC KINH TẾ VÀ MỘT SỐ LĨNH VỰC KHÁC 99 Quan hệ kinh tế 99 1 Mỹ Ấn ộ t ng cường mở rộng c chế ký kết thoả thuận nhằm th c đ y quan hệ kinh tế song phư ng 99 Quan hệ thư ng m i hàng hoá dịch vụ du lịch 102 Quan hệ ầu tư Mỹ - Ấn ộ 117 4.1.4 Về Tài ch nh .122 4.2 Quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ số l nh vực khác 124 Hợp tác V n hoá Giáo dục 124 2 Hợp tác y tế .130 Hợp tác công tác xoá đ i giảm nghèo .133 4 Hợp tác l nh vực Khoa học - Công nghệ 134 Hợp tác n ng lượng 136 Hợp tác chống iến đổi kh hậu ảo vệ môi trường .139 TIỂU KẾT CHƯƠNG 142 Chư ng ÁNH GIÁ QUAN HỆ M - ẤN Ộ GIAI OẠN 2014 – 2022, .144 DỰ BÁO XU HƯỚNG ẾN NĂM 2030 .144 VÀ KHUYẾN NGH CH NH SÁCH CHO VIỆT NAM .144 ánh giá chung quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ giai đo n 2014 - 2022 144 1 Thành tựu h n chế quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 144 512 c điểm quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 153 Tác động quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ khu vực Việt Nam 155 Dự áo xu hướng quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ đến n m 2030 165 C sở dự áo 165 2 Một số kịch ản c thể xảy cho quan hệ Mỹ - Ấn ộ 171 Một số khuyến nghị ch nh sách cho Việt Nam 177 TIỂU KẾT CHƯƠNG 191 KẾT LUẬN .193 DANH MỤC CƠNG TRÌNH KHOA HỌC CỦA TÁC GIẢ 197 LIÊN QUAN ẾN LUẬN ÁN 197 PHỤ LỤC I CÁC CHUYẾN THĂM TIẾP X C CẤP CAO GIỮA M Ộ TỪ NĂM 2014 ẾN NĂM 2022 VÀ ẤN DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT Từ viết tắt ADMM+ APEC ASEAN AIIB ASEM ARF BECA Tiếng Anh ASEAN Defence Tiếng Việt Minister‟s Hội nghị Bộ trưởng Quốc phòng nước ASEAN mở rộng Meeting Plus Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Association of Southeast Asian Nations BRICS CDC COC CPTPP EAEAS FDI FIPIC Hiệp hội quốc gia ông Nam Á Ngân hàng đầu tư c sở h tầng châu Á Asia-Europe Meeting Hội nghị thượng đỉnh Á - Âu ASEAN Regional Forum Diễn đàn khu vực ASEAN Basic Exchange and Cooperation Th a thuận Hợp tác Trao đổi c ản chia s thông tin không gian địa lý Agreement Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation BRI Bình Dư ng Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Bay of Bengal Initiative for MultiBIMSTEC Diễn đàn hợp tác kinh tế châu Á - Thái Sáng kiến Hợp tác kinh tế kỹ thuật đa ngành vịnh Bengal Sáng kiến Vành đai Con đường Belt and Road Initiative Brazil, Rusia, India, China and Các kinh tế hàng đầu (Nga, Ấn ộ, Brazil, Trung Quốc, Nam Phi) South Africa Centers For Disease Control and Trung tâm Kiểm soát Ph ng ngừa Prevention Dịch ệnh The Code of Conduct Bộ Quy tắc ứng x Biển ông Comprehensive and Progressive Hiệp định ối tác toàn diện tiến Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership xuyên Thái Bình Dư ng Hội nghị thượng đỉnh ơng Á East Asia Summit ầu tư trực tiếp nước Foreign Direct Investment Forum for India-Pacific Islands Diễn đàn hợp tác đảo Ấn Thái Bình Dư ng cooperation ộ Dư ng - FTA Free Trade Area Khu vực mậu dịch tự GHSA Global Health Security Agenda Chư ng trình An ninh y tế toàn cầu GSP Generalized System of Preferences Hệ thống ưu đãi thuế quan phổ cập IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency C quan N ng lượng Nguyên t Quốc tế International Monetary Fund Quỹ Tiền tệ Quốc tế IMF IMET International Military Education Chư ng trình Giáo dục and Training Quân Quốc tế IMO International Maritime Organization Tổ chức Hàng hải Quốc tế IPOI Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative ISA Industrial Security Agreement JCPOA Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action LEMOA MISTA NAFTA Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement Sáng kiến Ấn t o ộ Dư ng - Thái Bình Dư ng Ấn ộ Th a thuận Phụ lục An ninh Công nghiệp Kế ho ch hành động chung toàn diện Thoả thuận Trao đổi Hậu cần The Maritime Information Sharing Th a thuận Chia s Kỹ thuật Thông tin Technical Arrangement North America Hàng hải Free Trade Hiệp định Tự thư ng m i Bắc Mỹ Agreement (Mỹ, Canada Mexico) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NDAA National Defense Authorization Act Tổ chức Hiệp ước Bắc i Tây Dư ng o luật Ủy quyền Quốc phòng NDB New Development Bank Ngân hàng Phát triển Mới NSA National Security Agency C quan An ninh Quốc gia Mỹ NSG Nuclear Suppliers Group Nhóm nhà cung cấp h t nhân OECD PACE Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Partnership Fund for Tổ chức Hợp tác Phát triển Kinh tế Clean Quỹ ối tác Mỹ - Ấn phát triển n ng lượng s ch Energy Development QUAD ối tho i An ninh bốn bên Quadrilateral Security Dialogue TAC Treaty of Amity and Cooperation TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement RCEP SAGAR SAARC SCO STEM UNCLOS USAID Hiệp ước thân thiện hợp tác Hiệp định đối tác kinh tế xuyên Thái Bình Dư ng Comprehensive Hiệp định ối tác Kinh tế toàn diện khu Regional vực Economic Partnership Security and Growth for All in the An ninh t ng trưởng cho tất người khu vực Region South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Hiệp hội hợp tác khu vực Nam Á Tổ chức Hợp tác Thượng Hải Science, Technology, Engineering Khoa học, Cơng nghệ, Kỹ thuật and Mathematics Tốn học United Nations Convention on Công ước Liên Hợp quốc Luật biển n m 1982 Law of the Sea United States Agency for International Development C quan Mỹ phát triển quốc tế WTO World Trade Organization Tổ chức Thư ng m i Thế giới WFP World Food Programme Chư ng trình Lư ng thực Thế giới knowledge partner to help leverage private and civil society innovation, expertise, and technology, such as with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, to support the Prime Minister's 500 Cities National Urban Development Mission and Clean India Campaign The President welcomed the Prime Minister‟s am itious plan to extend basic financial services to all its citizens, giving them powerful tools to manage their finances and more fully participate in India's growing economy The President and Prime Minister underlined the important contribution that U.S locomotive technology, equipment to monitor rail system assets, and U.S best practices can play in modernizing India‟s vast railway network including accessing programs of U.S Trade and Development Agency in this work The leaders discussed their concerns about the current impasse in the World Trade Organization and its effect on the multilateral trading system, and directed their officials to consult urgently along with other WTO members on the next steps The leaders committed to work through the Trade Policy Forum to promote a business environment attractive for companies to invest and manufacture in India and in the United States Agreeing on the need to foster innovation in a manner that promotes economic growth and job creation, the leaders committed to establish an annual high-level Intellectual Property (IP) Working Group with appropriate decision-making and technical-level meetings as part of the Trade Policy Forum They recognized in particular the contribution of the Indian and U.S Information Technology (IT) industry and the IT-enabled service industry in strengthening India-U.S trade and investment relations The two leaders committed to hold public-private discussions in early 2015 under the Commercial Dialogue on new areas of cooperation, including innovation in advanced manufacturing In order to share best practices in manufacturing and work toward greater harmonization of standards, the National Institute of Standards and Technology‟s Manufacturing Extension Partnership program will start a dialogue with Indian counterparts The two countries plan to work expeditiously through several joint initiatives to facilitate greater confidence in cross-border trade and investment The President also offered to support the Prime Minister to achieve his goal of preparing young Indians for 21 st century jobs through new partnerships to share expertise and global standards for skills development in India, including by reinvigorating the Higher Education Dialogue The leaders look forward to the annual U.S.-India Economic and Financial Partnership in early 2015 They also welcomed the expansion of the partnership in oversight of financial institutions, including between Reserve Bank of India and the U.S Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Office of the Comptroller of Currency They also agreed to reinvigorate the India-U.S CEO Forum, and welcomed India's offer to host the Forum for the second time in early 2015 Energy and Climate Change The two leaders reaffirmed their commitment to implement fully the U.S.India civil nuclear cooperation agreement They established a Contact Group on advancing the implementation of civil nuclear energy cooperation in order to realize early their shared goal of delivering electricity from U.S.-built nuclear power plants in India They looked forward to advancing the dialogue to discuss all implementation issues, including but not limited to administrative issues, liability, technical issues, and licensing to facilitate the establishment of nuclear parks, including power plants with Westinghouse and GE-Hitachi technology Recognizing the critical importance of increasing energy access, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and improving resilience in the face of climate change, President Obama and Prime Minister Modi agreed to a new and enhanced strategic partnership on energy security, clean energy, and climate change They agreed to strengthen and expand the highly successful U.S.-India Partnership to Advance Clean Energy (PACE) through a series of priority initiatives, including a new Energy Smart Cities Partnership to promote efficient urban energy infrastructure; a new program to scale-up renewa le energy integration into India‟s power grid; cooperation to support India‟s efforts to upgrade its alternative energy institutes and to develop new innovation centers; an expansion of the Promoting Energy Access through Clean Energy (PEACE) program to unlock additional private sector investment and accelerate the deployment of cost-effective, super-efficient appliances; and the formation of a new Clean Energy Finance Forum to promote investment and trade in clean energy projects Both leaders are committed to working towards a successful outcome in Paris in 2015 of the conference of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including the creation of a new global agreement on climate change The leaders recalled previous bilateral and multilateral statements on the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) They recognized the need to use the institutions and expertise of the Montreal Protocol to reduce consumption and production of HFCs, while continuing to report and account for the quantities reduced under the UNFCCC They pledged to urgently arrange a meeting of their bilateral task force on HFCs prior to the next meeting of the Montreal Protocol to discuss issues such as safety, cost, and commercial access to new or alternative technologies to replace HFCs The two sides would thereafter cooperate on next steps to tackle the challenge posed by HFCs to global warming They launched a new U.S.-India Partnership for Climate Resilience to advance capacity for climate adaptation planning, and a new program of work on air quality aimed at delivering benefits for climate change and human health They also launched a new U.S.-India Climate Fellowship Program to build long-term capacity to address climate change-related issues in both countries The President and Prime Minister instructed their senior officials to work through the U.S.-India Energy Dialogue, U.S.-India Joint Working Group on Combating Climate Change, and other relevant fora to advance these and other initiatives The leaders welcomed the conclusion of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Export-Import Bank and the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency, which would make up to $1 billion in financing available to bolster India‟s efforts to transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient energy economy, while boosting U.S renewable energy exports to India The two leaders reiterated the importance of conserving India's precious biodiversity and agreed to explore opportunities for collaboration on national parks and wildlife conservation Defense and Homeland Security Cooperation The Prime Minister and the President stated their intention to expand defense cooperation to bolster national, regional, and global security The two leaders reaffirmed that India and the United States would build an enduring partnership in which both sides treat each other at the same level as their closest partners, including defense technology transfers, trade, research, co-production, and co-development To facilitate deeper defense cooperation, they welcomed the decision to renew for ten more years the 2005 Framework for the U.S.-India Defense Relationship and directed their defense teams to develop plans for more ambitious programs and activities The two leaders also agreed to reinvigorate the PoliticalMilitary Dialogue and expand its role to serve as a wider dialogue on export licensing, defense cooperation and strategic cooperation The leaders welcomed the first meeting under the framework of the Defense Trade and Technology Initiative in September 2014 and endorsed its decision to establish a Task Force to expeditiously evaluate and decide on unique projects and technologies which would have a transformative impact on bilateral defense relations and enhance India's defense industry and military capabilities The President and Prime Minister welcomed cooperation in the area of military education and training, and endorsed plans for the United States to cooperate with India's planned National Defence University They also decided to expand military-to-military partnerships including expert exchanges, dialogues, and joint training and exercises They also committed to enhancing exchanges of civilian and military intelligence and consultation The leaders agreed to intensify cooperation in maritime security to ensure freedom of navigation and unimpeded movement of lawful shipping and commercial activity, in accordance with accepted principles of international law To achieve this objective, the two sides considered enhancing technology partnerships for India's Navy including assessing possible areas of technology cooperation They also agreed to upgrade their existing bilateral exercise MALABAR The leaders reaffirmed their deep concern over the continued threat posed by terrorism, most recently highlighted by the dangers presented by the ISIL, and underlined the need for continued comprehensive global efforts to combat and defeat terrorism The leaders stressed the need for joint and concerted efforts, including the dismantling of safe havens for terrorist and criminal networks, to disrupt all financial and tactical support for networks such as Al Qaeda, Lashkar-e Taiba, Jaish-e-Mohammad, the D-Company, and the Haqqanis They reiterated their call for Pakistan to bring the perpetrators of the November 2008 terrorist attack in Mumbai to justice They pledged to enhance criminal law enforcement, security, and military information exchanges, and strengthen cooperation on extradition and mutual legal assistance Through operational cooperation through their law enforcement agencies, they aimed to prevent the spread of counterfeit currency and inhibit the use of cyberspace by terrorists, criminals, and those who use the internet for unlawful purposes, and to facilitate investigation of criminal and terrorist activities The leaders also committed to identify modalities to exchange terrorist watch lists President Obama pledged to help India counter the threat of improvised explosive devices with information and technology The leaders committed to pursue provision of U.S.-made mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles to India The President and Prime Minister looked forward to easing travel between their two countries, as India introduces visa-on-arrival for U.S citizens in 2015 and works toward meeting the requirements to make the United States‟ Glo al Entry Program available to Indian citizens High Technology, Space and Health Cooperation Fundamental science and high technology cooperation has been a critical pillar of the strategic partnership, the two leaders confirmed, and they looked forward to renewing the Science and Technology Agreement in order to expand joint activities in innovative technology The Prime Minister welcomed the United States as a partner country for the first time at India‟s annual Technology Summit in November 2014 In addition, they committed to convene the ninth High Technology Cooperation Group (HTCG) They plan to launch new partnerships to source and scale innovation for the benefit of citizens in both countries and to harness innovation to solve global development challenges The President welcomed India‟s contri ution and cooperation on highenergy physics and accelerator research and development with the U.S Department of Energy The President thanked the Prime Minister for his offer to have U.S institutions partner with a new Indian Institute of Technology The leaders committed to partner on the Digital India initiative, with the goal of enhancing digital infrastructure, deploying e-governance and e-services, promoting industry colla oration and digitally empowering India‟s citizens The President welcomed India's proposal to establish the Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN, or Knowledge) under which India would invite and host up to 1,000 American academics each year to teach in centrally-recognized Indian Universities, at their convenience The two leaders exchanged congratulations on the successful entry into orbit of their respective Mars missions, which occurred two days apart They welcomed the establishment and planned first meeting of the NASA-ISRO Mars Joint Working Group under the U.S.-India Civil Space Joint Working Group The leaders also look forward to the successful conclusion of a new agreement to support the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission, to be launched in 2021 The United and India also intend to start a new dialogue on maintaining long-term security and sustainability of the outer space environment, including space situational awareness and collision avoidance in outer space The President and Prime Minister recognized the extensive ongoing cooperation in the health sector which they will put to use in preventing the spread of the Ebola virus The President welcomed India‟s contri ution to the UN Fund and donation of protective gear to the effort against Ebola, and thanked the Prime Minister for encouraging Indian-owned businesses in West Africa to contribute to the fight against Ebola The Prime Minister also offered to deploy Indian expertise in the fight against Ebola, including by investing its resources in producing modelling of the spread of the disease, jointly producing rapid deployable diagnostics, and considering joint training of response personnel The United States stands ready to amplify India's efforts to achieve a further reduction in preventable child and maternal deaths, including replicating India's successful approaches in other countries The leaders agreed to launch a new phase of the India-U.S Vaccine Action Program to develop affordable vaccines for dengue, malaria, and tuberculosis, and the establishment of an adjuvant development center They also agreed in principle to initiate cooperative activities to increase capacity in cancer research and patient care delivery, including by developing collaborative programs for and with India's upcoming AIIMS-National Cancer Institute The President welcomed India‟s offer to take a leading role in the Glo al Health Security Agenda Global Issues and Regional Consultations Highlighting their shared democratic values, the President and Prime Minister recognized the critical role that women play in India and the United States as shown y India‟s “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao” (“Save Daughters Celebrate Daughters Educate Daughters”) initiative They looked forward to holding a Women Empowerment Dialogue in order to exchange best practices to enhance the role of women in their countries, and they asserted zero tolerance for violence against women As a critical step in strengthening global nonproliferation and export control regimes, the President and Prime Minister committed to continue work towards India‟s phased entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the Wassenaar Arrangement and the Australia Group The President affirmed that India meets MTCR requirements and is ready for membership in the NSG He supported India‟s early application and eventual membership in all four regimes As active participants in the Nuclear Security Summit process, the United States and India welcomed progress toward reducing the risk of terrorists acquiring nuclear weapons or related materials, and noted their shared commitment to improving nuclear security nationally and globally They reviewed their bilateral dialogue on nuclear security and endorsed working through India‟s Glo al Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership to reinforce safe and secure use of nuclear energy worldwide They also pledged to strengthen their efforts to forge a partnership to lead global efforts for non-proliferation of WMDs, to reduce the salience of nuclear weapons in international affairs, and to promote universal, verifiable, and non-discriminatory global nuclear disarmament Noting India‟s “Act East” policy and the United States‟ re alance to Asia the leaders committed to work more closely with other Asia Pacific countries through consultations, dialogues, and joint exercises They underlined the importance of their trilateral dialogue with Japan and decided to explore holding this dialogue among their Foreign Ministers The President and Prime Minister emphasized the need to accelerate infrastructure connectivity and economic development corridors for regional economic integration linking South, Southeast, and Central Asia The President reiterated that the United States, through its New Silk Road and India-Pacific Economic Corridor, is promoting the linkage of India to its neighbors and the wider region to enable a freer flow of commerce and energy The President and Prime Minister noted the success of their countries‟ collaboration on agricultural innovation in three African countries They announced a new agreement to expand joint development initiatives in third countries in a range of sectors, including agricultural productivity, clean energy, health women‟s empowerment and disaster preparedness They also look forward to continuing the productive cooperation in Afghanistan on promoting women‟s economic empowerment The Prime Minister and the President reaffirmed their shared interest in preserving regional peace and stability, which are critical to the Asia Pacific region's continued prosperity The leaders expressed concern about rising tensions over maritime territorial disputes, and affirmed the importance of safeguarding maritime security and ensuring freedom of navigation and over flight throughout the region, especially in the South China Sea The Prime Minister and President called on all parties to avoid the use, or threat of use, of force in advancing their claims The two leaders urged the concerned parties to pursue resolution of their territorial and maritime disputes through all peaceful means, in accordance with universally recognized principles of international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea India and the United States pledged to consult closely on global crises, especially unfolding events in Syria and Iraq The two leaders committed to exchange information about nationals returning from these conflict zones, and to seek cooperation in protecting and responding to the needs of civilians stranded in the middle of these conflicts Recognizing the importance of their respective strategic partnerships with Afghanistan, the leaders asserted the importance of a sustainable, inclusive, sovereign, and democratic political order in Afghanistan, and committed to continue close consultations and cooperation in support of Afghanistan‟s future They stressed the need for diplomacy to resolve the serious concerns of the international community regarding Iran‟s nuclear program and called on Iran to comply with its UN Security Council-imposed obligations and to cooperate fully with the International Atomic Energy Agency The two leaders expressed concerns over the continued development by the Democratic People‟s Repu lic of Korea (DPRK) of its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs, including its uranium enrichment activities They urged DPRK to take concrete actions toward denuclearization and other goals, as well as to comply fully with all its international obligations, including all relevant UN Security Council resolutions, and to fulfill its commitments under the 2005 Joint Statement of the Six-Party Talks The President expressed appreciation for the contributions of Indian peacekeepers to global peace and stability for the past 60 years, and welcomed the partnership with India to train third country peacekeepers at India‟s training center in New Delhi The President reaffirmed his support for a reformed UN Security Council with India as a permanent member, and both leaders committed to ensuring that the Security Council continues to play an effective role in maintaining international peace and security as envisioned in the United Nations Charter The President also affirmed his commitment to enhancing India's voice and vote in international financial institutions, and ensuring that resources are made available and are used creatively through multilateral development banks for infrastructure financing The President thanked the Prime Minister for the gracious invitation to return to the great nation of India In conclusion, the two leaders affirmed their long-term vision for a resilient and am itious partnership through the first “Vision Statement for the Strategic Partnership ” which they will hold up as the guiding framework for their governments and people Joint Statement: Vision and Principles for the United States-India Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership The President of the United States of America, the Honorable Donald J Trump, paid a State Visit to India on February 24-25, 2020, at the invitation of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership As the leaders of sovereign and vibrant democracies recognizing the importance of freedom, equal treatment of all citizens, human rights, and a commitment to the rule of law, President Trump and Prime Minister Modi vowed to strengthen a United States-India Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership, anchored in mutual trust, shared interests, goodwill, and robust engagement of their citizens President Trump and Prime Minister Modi pledged to deepen defense and security cooperation, especially through greater maritime and space domain awareness and information sharing; joint cooperation; exchange of military liaison personnel; advanced training and expanded exercises between all services and special forces; closer collaboration on co-development and co-production of advanced defense components, equipment, and platforms; and partnership between their defense industries Noting that a strong and capable Indian military supports peace, stability, and a rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific, and reaffirming his pledge to support the transfer to India of advanced U S military technology President Trump welcomed India‟s recent decision to procure MH-60R naval and AH-64E Apache helicopters These capabilities will advance shared security interests, job growth, and industrial cooperation between both countries As India works to acquire new defense capa ilities President Trump reaffirmed India‟s status as a Major Defense Partner affording it the highest consideration for procurement and technology transfer purposes The leaders look forward to early conclusions of defense cooperation enabling agreements, including Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement President Trump and Prime Minister Modi resolved to enhance security of their homelands through cooperation and to jointly fight international crimes like human trafficking, terrorism and violent extremism, drug-trafficking, and crimes in cyberspace They welcomed the decision by the U.S Department of Homeland Security and India‟s Ministry of Home Affairs to reinvigorate the Homeland Security Dialogue As a demonstration of their shared commitment to combating the threat that illicit drugs pose to their citizens, the leaders announced their intent to establish a new Counter-Narcotics Working Group between their respective law enforcement agencies Prime Minister Modi and President Trump recognized the increasing importance of the trade and investment dimension of the United States-India relationship, and the need for long-term trade stability that will benefit both the American and Indian economies They agreed to promptly conclude the ongoing negotiations, which they hope can become phase one of a comprehensive bilateral trade agreement that reflects the true ambition and full potential of the bilateral commercial relations, advancing prosperity, investment, and job creation in both countries President Trump and Prime Minister Modi welcomed growing links between the United States and India in trade and investment in hydrocarbons Through their Strategic Energy Partnership, the United States and India are seeking to enhance energy security, expand energy and innovation linkages across respective energy sectors, bolster strategic alignment, and facilitate increased engagement between industry and other stakeholders President Trump and Prime Minister Modi noted the potential for the United States to meet India‟s goal to diversify its import ase for coking/metallurgical coal and natural gas, welcoming recent commercial arrangements intended to accelerate access to LNG in the Indian market President Trump and Prime Minister Modi encouraged the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited and Westinghouse Electric Company to finalize the techno-commercial offer for the construction of six nuclear reactors in India at the earliest date President Trump and Prime Minister Modi expressed satisfaction with their longstanding and practical collaboration in science, technology, and innovation They welcomed an endeavor by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for development and launch in 2022 of a joint mission with the world‟s first dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite, and applauded discussions that advance cooperation in Earth observation, Mars and planetary exploration, heliophysics, human spaceflight, and commercial space cooperation President Trump and Prime Minister Modi expressed their desire to increase higher education collaboration and educational exchange opportunities, including through the “Young Innovators” internships, and welcomed the recent growth in the number of Indian students in the United States In support of global efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to disease outbreaks such as novel COVID-19, President Trump and Prime Minister Modi committed to continuing their successful efforts in the areas of prevention, early detection, and rapid outbreak response They hailed a bilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that seeks to promote access to high quality, safe, effective, and affordable medications for U.S and Indian consumers They welcomed the conclusion of an MOU, which will help both countries address mental health challenges through innovative approaches Strategic Convergence in the Indo-Pacific A close partnership between the United States and India is central to a free, open, inclusive, peaceful, and prosperous Indo-Pacific region This cooperation is underpinned by recognition of ASEAN centrality; adherence to international law and good governance; support for safety and freedom of navigation, overflight and other lawful uses of the seas; unimpeded lawful commerce; and advocacy for peaceful resolution of maritime disputes in accordance with international law The United States appreciates India‟s role as a net provider of security as well as developmental and humanitarian assistance in the Indian Ocean Region India and the United States remain committed to sustainable, transparent, quality infrastructure development in the region President Trump and Prime Minister Modi welcomed the U.S International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) announcement of a $600 million financing facility for renewable energy projects in India and the DFC‟s decision to esta lish a permanent presence in India this year Taking note of their countries‟ shared commitment to advancing effective development solutions in the Indo-Pacific and globally, President Trump and Prime Minister Modi look forward to a new partnership etween USAID and India‟s Development Partnership Administration for cooperation in third countries The United States and India took note of efforts toward a meaningful Code of Conduct in the South China Sea, and solemnly urged that it not prejudice the legitimate rights and interests of all nations according to international law President Trump and Prime Minister Modi decided to strengthen consultation through United States-India-Japan trilateral summits; the 2+2 Ministerial meeting mechanism of the Foreign and Defense Ministers of India and the United States; and the United States-India-Australia-Japan Quadrilateral consultations, among others President Trump and Prime Minister Modi looked forward to enhanced maritime domain awareness sharing among the United States, India, and other partners Partnership for Global Leadership President Trump and Prime Minister Modi committed to working together to strengthen and reform the United Nations and other international organizations, and to ensure their integrity President Trump reaffirmed the support of the United States for India‟s permanent mem ership on a reformed UN Security Council He also reaffirmed U S support for India‟s entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group without any delay The United States and India recognize that, to contain the build-up of sovereign debt in developing and low-income countries, it is important to ensure responsible, transparent, and sustainable financing practices for both borrowers and creditors President Trump and the Prime Minister Modi expressed interest in the concept of the Blue Dot Network, a multi-stakeholder initiative that will bring governments, the private sector, and civil society together to promote high-quality trusted standards for global infrastructure development President Trump and Prime Minister Modi noted the importance of advancing education, economic empowerment, and entrepreneurship for women and girls through finance, training, and mentorship initiatives, as well as measures to promote their full and free participation in the economy, in line with the United States Women‟s Glo al Development and Prosperity (W-GDP) initiative and the Government of India‟s „Beti Bachao Beti Padhao‟ program The United States and India share interest in a united, sovereign, democratic, inclusive, stable, and prosperous Afghanistan They support an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace and reconciliation process that results in a sustainable peace, cessation of violence, elimination of terrorist safe havens, and preservation of the gains of the last 18 years President Trump welcomed India‟s role in continuing to provide development and security assistance to help stabilize and provide connectivity in Afghanistan President Trump and Prime Minister Modi denounced any use of terrorist proxies and strongly condemned cross-border terrorism in all its forms They call on Pakistan to ensure that no territory under its control is used to launch terrorist attacks, and to expeditiously bring to justice the perpetrators of such attacks, including 26/11Mumbai and Pathankot They called for concerted action against all terrorist groups, including Al-Qa‟ida ISIS Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lashkar-e- Tayyiba, Hizb-ul Mujahideen, the Haqqani Network, TTP, D-Company, and all their affiliates The United States and India are committed to an open, reliable, and secure Internet that facilitates trade and communication The United States and India recognize the need for an innovative digital ecosystem that is secure and reliable and that facilitates the flow of information and data The leaders intend to foster cooperation among their industry and academia for open, secure, and resilient supply of strategic materials and critical infrastructure, and to independently evaluate the risk associated with deployment of emerging technologies