Accumulative report title the differences in communication styles in business communication between americans and vietnamese

Accumulative Report THE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF BINH DUONG PROVINCE THUDAUMOT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES  Accumulative Report Title: The Differences in Communication Styles in Business Communication between Americans and Vietnamese Student: Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Code: 2022202011298 Class: D20NNAN05 Lecturer: Nguyễn Hoàng Minh Đức Course: Mini project British - American work styles and communication (0+2) - Bình Dương, 2022 - Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page Accumulative Report PHIẾU CHẤM GIÁM KHẢO Điểm Bằng số Tiêu chí GIÁM KHẢO Bằng chữ Tốt Khá Trung bình Kém Điểm số 100% 75% 50% 0% GK1 Liên quan từ xa Hoàn tồn khơng liên Liên quan trực Khá liên quan tiếp Chủ đề quan điểm 0,75 điểm Tổ chức tốt; Có tổ 0,5 điểm điểm chức, Một số phần lan Tổ chức kém; xếp hợp lý, phát phát triển man; bắt đầu không tiến triển logic; bố cục chưa logic, cảm kết thúc không triển logic; bắt rõ ràng Bố cục giác có phần rõ ràng đầu bắt đầu kết thúc mơ hồ kết thúc 1,5 điểm điểm 0,5 điểm điểm Chất Hỗ trợ chi tiết cụ Một số chi tiết Chi tiết có phần Khơng thể tìm lượng thể theo chủ đề thông tin độ thú 1,5 điểm Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh không hỗ trợ cho sơ sài Không hỗ thấy chi tiết cụ phần chủ đề trợ chủ đề thể điểm 0,5 điểm điểm Page GK2 Accumulative Report vị Khơng có lỗi Chỉ hai Nhiều hai Nhiều lỗi gây Lỗi viết câu Trích dẫn trình lỗi lỗi khó hiểu 1,5 điểm điểm 0,5 điểm điểm Trích dẫn trình Trích dẫn trình Trích dẫn trình Trích dẫn bày tài liệu tham bày tài liệu tham bày tài liệu tham trình bày tài khảo, khảo, khảo quy liệu tham khảo hình vẽ, hình vẽ, bảng, biểu rõ ràng bảng, biểu định chưa không quy quy định quy định rõ ràng định, không rõ số chỗ chưa rõ bày ràng ràng TLTK 1,5 điểm điểm Kỹ Sử dụng thành thạo Sử hiệu công cụ thạo công cụ trình Có sử dụng cơng cơng cụ trình thuyết trình chiếu cụ chiếu (powerpoint) (powerpoint) (powerpoint) (powerpoint) 1,5 điểm điểm 0,5 điểm điểm Kỹ Trình bày lưu lốt, Trình bày chậm Trình bày ngập Khơng trình tự tin Âm phát rãi tương ngừng bày dung thuyết xác, rõ ràng đối trơi chảy, âm âm phát khơng Khơng có dầu hiệu phát tương đối rõ đọc slides xác Khơng xác Có dấu gây khó hiểu hiệu đọc slides rõ trình chiếu dụng 0,5 điểm điểm thành Khơng sử dụng trình chiếu (powerp oint) trình (speech) Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh lâu, ràng, nội báo cáo không Page Accumulative Report ràng 1,5 điểm điểm 0,5 điểm điểm ĐIỂM TỔNG CÁ NHÂN ĐIỂM THỐNG NHẤT TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter I: INTRODUCTION .6 Chapter II:BACKGROUND CONCEPTS 2.1 Definition of communication .6 2.2 Common communication styles 2.2.1 Assertive/Dominant communication style 2.2.2 Aggressive communication style 2.2.3 Passive communication style 2.2.4 Passive-aggressive communication style 2.2.5 Manipulative communication style 2.3 Three main differences in communication styles between Americans and Vietnamese people .9 2.3.1 Greeting .9 Table 2.3.1.1 Greeting scenes in American’s movies 10 Table 2.3.1.2 Greeting scenes in Vietnamese’s movies 11 Table 2.3.1.3 The percentage of greeting styles in business communication in American and Vietnamese movies 12 2.3.2 Directness 13 Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page Accumulative Report Table 2.3.2.1 Directness scenes in American’s movies 14 Table 2.3.2.2 Indirectness scenes in Vietnamese’s movies .15 Table 2.3.2.3 The percentage of using indirect and direct communication in American and Vietnamese movies .16 2.3.3 Expressing emotions 16 Table 2.3.3.1 Expressing emotions scenes in American’s movies 17 Table 2.3.3.2 Expressing emotions scenes in Vietnam’s movies 18 Table 2.3.3.3 The percentage of expressing emotions in business communication in American and Vietnamese movies 19 Chapter III: CONCLUSION .20 3.1 Conclusion 20 3.2 Recommendation 20 REFERENCES 21 Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page Accumulative Report Chapter I: INTRODUCTION Communication is critical in modern culture, particularly in business It assists each person in becoming more sophisticated and respected Similarly, communication allows us to understand the partner we are approaching in order to the right thing in each situation We must learn to interpret and grasp the meanings of the other person's gestures, posture, and content in addition to observing them Then, when we work in business, we will get experience communicating with others, which will help you become a better communicator Communication styles are important in business communication because they enhance spoken language by stressing, verifying, and denying Sometimes they act as linguistic signs in communication to express ideas and emotions that language cannot convey Nevertheless, each communication style has diverse meanings and is used differently in each country That is why I chose to investigate the topic "The differences in communication styles in business communication between Americans and Vietnamese” The purpose of this research is to examine and clarify the differences in business communication styles used by Americans and Vietnamese in their greeting, directness, and expressing emotions Chapter II: BACKGROUND CONCEPTS II.1 Definition of communication The word “communication” can be defined by Koontz and O’Donnel as “Communication is an intercourse by words, letters, symbols or messages and is a way that one organization member shares meaning and understandings with another.” (Koontz, H., O'Donnell, C., & Weihrich, H., 2005) It can be said that people use communication to exchange information just to understand others It expresses facts, thoughts, ideas, or feelings Communication involves at least two individuals To finish the process, at least two people are required One assumes the role of transmitter, while the other assumes the role of receiver Therefore, business communication is a wide notion that encompasses any type of communication whose objective is to increase the Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page Accumulative Report value of a company This could be internal communication such as regulations, rules, and motivational materials, or it could be outward communication II.2 Common communication styles One of the most valuable qualities you can provide to a business is strong communication abilities Communication that is clear and confident increases efficiency and avoids errors As a result, we must understand the communication approach that we use in a wide range of situations There are five distinct communication styles that can be identified II.2.1 Assertive/Dominant communication style Assertive/Dominant communication is defined by clear, confident verbal/non-verbal gestures and signals An assertive communicator would be specific and respectful in his or her requests, while forceful in his or her demands They are frequently related to a sense of self-worth Such people are self-assured, emotionally expressive, and certain in their abilities They fight to protect their own rights while being careful of not violating the rights of others They are personable and reliable, making them suitable candidates for leadership position - like Barack Obama, Steve McQueen, or Jack Welch as they have Expressing needs clearly, respectfully, and appropriately, speaking calmly, good eye-contact, relaxed body posture, feeling in control, etc (Udemy Editor, 2020) II.2.2 Aggressive communication style This style values appearance above value Their body language, attitude, and voice are characterized by loudness Aggressive communicators are typically ambitious, confrontational, and demanding Bullying and intimidation reflect their working approach They prefer noise to sensible discourse in order to win disputes They are frequently outgoing and love being the Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page Accumulative Report center of attention This can have a negative impact on the employment environment in many situations Examples for this communication style can be seen as criticizing others, using humiliation to control others, attempting to dominate, or frequent interruption (Udemy Editor, 2020) II.2.3 Passive communication style These communicators will make a concerted effort not to speak publicly, interact, or become involved This impacts how they communicate, their voice, and their body language Passive communicators are cautious to convey their genuine feelings, preferring indirect communication methods, and are frequently self-apologetic They may be extremely intelligent yet have low social skills or self-esteem Passive communicators frequently have a lot of empathy and a high EQ, which is unfortunately hidden by their inactivity Example of this style are Failure to speak up for oneself, speaking softly or apologetically, poor eye contact and shrinking body posture, allowing others’ to consistently get their needs met over their own, avoiding conflict at all costs ignoring situations that need to be handled sooner than later (Udemy Editor, 2020) II.2.4 Passive-aggressive communication style When forceful communication is the gold standard, the passive-aggressive communication is the rusting, counterfeit quarter of communication techniques As with passive communication, there is a sense of powerlessness and impotence And, as with forceful speech, there is an element of assault and rage By combining them, you will actively assault communication in order to conceal inward weakness and passivity This communication approach makes it easier for the other person to identify your vulnerability and attack you back (Udemy Editor, 2020) II.2.5 Manipulative communication style Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page Accumulative Report Manipulative communication style is difficult to identify at first because its practitioners manipulate the outcome through deceit and cunning Manipulative communicators will not communicate what they truly want, instead diverting in order to disguise their genuine aim They will muddy the waters so that their genuine objectives are unknown until the aim is achieved – and even then, who knows? Make it simple for others to be drawn in and followed Often, the manipulative communication style will use words or acts to strike the other person's psyche Manipulative communicators, like assertive communicators, know what they want and how to obtain it, but they strive to attain their objectives by misleading people rather than speaking openly and honestly with them They can be said to so (Udemy Editor, 2020) II.3 Three main differences in communication styles between Americans and Vietnamese people II.3.1 Greeting Vietnamese people are often cautious while greeting one another and show some respect for the other person's social standing, but greets in America are often more informal and include a handshake In Vietnam, the elderly or those with a better social position are almost always respected In addition to an expressive manner and movements, they also use specialized gestures when communicating When welcoming someone and wishing them well, Vietnamese people typically shake hands As a sign of respect, give a firm handshake with both hands (Vietnam - Cultural Etiquette - E Diplomat, n.d.) Hold both hands while addressing a person with authority Address the senior members of the group first while making an introduction If the seniors don't offer their hand, they should just be bowed respectfully Whenever someone is introduced, their place in the family is usually explained Use Mr or Ms or a title followed by the first name when addressing them in a formal manner In Vietnamese, there are a number of other honorific expressions that can be used to address people in Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page Accumulative Report various relationships According from (Hays, n.d.) when welcoming someone, say ["xin chao" (seen chow) + given name + title] The Vietnamese are happy if a Westerner can properly say "xin chao" (since Vietnamese is a language variety, "xin chao" can have six different meanings, just one of which is "Hello") However, English does not utilize them To respect seniors, the word "thưa" (which means "please"') is used before the honorific name, while Vietnamese people with a more traditional mindset will bow to an authority figure or elder. In the US, Americans are kind and frequently grin Since they frequently refer to people by their first names, be ready for them to the same when you use theirs This reflects the egalitarian society in America Americans tend to be upbeat and cheerful, and they may give you a firm handshake or even place their hand on your back or grab your arm In the article of Zachwieja (2017), even though you'll hear it frequently of the question like "How are you doing?" Because Americans rarely ask how you are, you are not expected to make a long reply when they ask you that question or "How are you doing today?" And the only appropriate responses to the greetings "How you do?" are "Fine," "Great," or "Very well, thank you".  This is not a request for information about your health; it is simply a friendly greeting "See you later" is merely a statement People say this even if they have no intention of seeing you again When they believe you've formed a relationship, they may place their hand on your back or even embrace you - whereas others may express a strong distaste for touching Most Americans have a strong feeling of personal space and are fine with some physical distance when conversing They will be irritated if you sit or stand too near to them (Istiaque, A A (2019)) If you are from a culture that is used to a lot of physical touch and you stand too close, pay heed to their signals and preserve your space if they appear uncomfortable Table II.3.1.1 Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Greeting scenes in American’s movies Page 10 Accumulative Report Table II.3.1.2 Greeting scenes in Vietnamese’s movies Movies Time Stamp Movies The Pursuit of Happiness Time Stamp 19:45 - 19:49 (2006) Ask questions Ask Bow - x x - x x x x - 20:00 - 20:06 - x x 2:00 - 2:20 x x - 22:03 - 22:05 x - x 4:51 & 7:23 2:23:01 - x x x x - x x x - x - - x x 9:50 - 10:10 1:42:00 1:42:11 0:36 - 1:17 Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 2) Chuyện công sở (Hoai, 2019) The Wolf of Wall Street shake Hand Bow shake x Phỏng vấn xin việc (Tran, 2018) The Social Network (2010) The Intern (2015) Hand Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 4) The Godfather (1972) Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 5) 2:23:12 1:26 – 1:30 The Office (Season 1) Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 10) 7:32 - 7:41 1:53 & 7:43 1:54:04 - questions x Wall Street (1987) Hướng nghiệp (Ep - Part 2) 1:54:08 10:00 - 10:23 x - x - The Big Short (2015) Hành trình cơng lý (Ep 1) 1:22 - 1:24 2:32 – 2:40 x - - x x 15:50 & 54:35 - 54:40 x x x - x x x - Wall Street: Money Never HànhSleeps trình cơng lý (Ep 1) (2010) Cảnh Margin Sát HìnhCall Sự:(2011) Cuồng Phong (Ep 2) Table II.3.1.3 44:13 1:22:45 7:34 – 7:37 1:22:52 & 29:24 The percentage of greeting styles in business communication in American and Vietnamese movies Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 11 Accumulative Report How they greeting other in business communication? Movies Hand shake Bow Ask questions American 60% 10% 100% Vietnamese 80% 60% 40% The ways of greeting style that American and Vietnamese people use in business communication are depicted in table 2.2.1.a, 2.2.1.b While the table 2.2.1.c is summarized as it can conclude the overview of how American and Vietnamese people greeting with other in business communication In America, people tend to shake hand (60%) and ask questions (100%) rather than bow to their colleague (10%) In Vietnamese movie scenes, they show that they tend to shake hand (80%) and bow (60%) to each other than simply ask questions (40%) Overall, Vietnamese individuals are frequently cautious while greeting one another and show some respect for the other person's social standing and age, but greetings in the United States are often more casual and begin with a handshake and asking some opening questions II.3.2 Directness In the research of Troester & Warburton (2001), American people prefer directness rather than Vietnamese people in business communication On the one hand, when Americans say "yes" or "no," they mean precisely that "Maybe" means "this could happen"; it does not imply "no." If you not understand something, it is always appropriate to ask questions Americans ask a lot of questions They are not afraid to reveal their misunderstanding If you don't tell them otherwise, Americans will think you already understand the problems Because of their willingness to confront topics directly and openly, coded speech and verbosity are frequently perceived as time wasters, which is a problem in time-pressed corporate America As a result, when an Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 12 Accumulative Report impasse is established in a meeting setting, the first reaction is frequently to address it personally and emotionally On the other hand, Vietnamese people tend to choose indirectness when come to business communication Their willingness to avoid unpleasantness can sometimes lead to great misunderstandings "Yes" may not mean "yes." When the Vietnamese say "No problem," you may take it to mean "Yes, there is a problem" Check and double-check all agreements, and then actively manage them (Vietnam - Cultural Etiquette - E Diplomat, n.d.-d) To overall, Americans tend to communicate more directly, saying what they actually mean They are also more determined to discuss the issues openly and directly Vietnamese people, on the other hand, like to talk in a more indirect manner, and their words may have the opposite meaning The two tables below demonstrate whether directness or indirectness is used in business communication in American and Vietnamese films Table II.3.2.1 Movies Directness scenes in American’s movies Time Stamp Directness Indirectness 25:36 - 25:42 x - The Social Network (2010) 19:55 - 20:01 x - The Intern (2015) 11:11 - 11:16 x - The Wolf of Wall Street 18:57 - 19:03 - x The Godfather (1972) 2:23:26 - 2:23:50 x - The Pursuit of Happiness (2006) Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 13 Accumulative Report The Office (Season 1) 8:38 - 8:45 x - Wall Street (1987) 7:18 - 7:28 x The Big Short (2015) 35:35 - 36:07 x 10:52 - 12:32 x x 4:47 - 7:07 x x Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010) Margin Call (2011) Table II.3.2.2 Movies Indirectness scenes in Vietnamese’s movies Time Stamp Directness 9:50 - 10:10 - 0:36 - 1:17 - 2:00 - 2:20 x Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 4) 4:12 & 5:20 x Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 5) 8:56 - 9:02 x Phỏng vấn xin việc (Tran, 2018) Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 2) Chuyện công sở (Hoai, 2019) Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Indirectness x x x x - Page 14 Accumulative Report Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 10) 3:46 – 4:02 - x 9:23 - 9:28 - x Hành trình cơng lý (Ep 1) 16:13 & 23:10 x x Hành trình cơng lý (Ep 1) 28:32 - 28:34 x - 35:27 - 35:31 - x Hướng nghiệp (Ep - Part 2) Cảnh Sát Hình Sự: Cuồng Phong (Ep 2) Table II.3.2.3 The percentage of using indirect and direct communication in American and Vietnamese movies What kind of communication style that they use in Movies business communication? Indirectness Directness American 30% 90% Vietnamese 80% 50% The kinds of communication style that American and Vietnamese people use in business communication are depicted in table 2.2.2.a, 2.2.2.b While the table 2.2.2.c is summarized as it can conclude the overview of how American and Vietnamese people communicate with other in business communication In America, people tend to use direct communication (90%) rather than indirect communication (30%) Most the American movie scenes show that they want to get into the stories or problem more straightforward The table also show that Vietnamese people be likely to talk in more Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 15 Accumulative Report implicit way (80%) However, we can see that they are also use directness in their communication but not as much as the Americans (50%) In short, it can be said that Vietnamese people tend to use indirect ways of business communication to communicate with colleagues as it is affected by a part of their culture While in America, people tend to be more direct in communication when it comes to business, as they are more willing to address the problems they are having II.3.3 Expressing emotions Americans show their emotions in such a way that their faces and language clearly reflect happiness and sorrow (United States - Cultural Etiquette - E Diplomat, n.d.-b) As a result, we can see that Americans express their joy and sadness in a natural and comfortable manner Vietnamese people, on the other hand, often hide their sentiments and refuse to express them; on the outside, they are joyful and smiling, but deep inside their minds are boiling with things they not want to express In along with expressing feelings, the phrases "thank you" and "sorry" appear brief yet vital in daily life In the article of United States - Cultural Etiquette - E Diplomat (n.d.-b), saying "sorry" or "thank you" is wide spread in American society; they apologize when they meet other people or for example, when they are involved in traffic accidents, or when they something wrong, etc In the United States, the concept of apology and moving towards reconciliation is a joyful and daring gesture, which is completely different from the majority of Vietnamese, who often regard having to apologize as an act of self-esteem Aside from "sorry," there is a common statement in American society that they frequently face in everyday life while speaking with them, which is "thank you," and they tend to say it anytime, anyplace with every action Even if it is a minor detail, it demonstrates the peace and joy of everyday life, whereas Vietnamese culture is openly mysterious in South East Asia Most Vietnamese people typically keep their gratitude and keep it in their hearts, holding the two words "thank you" as when they communicate with others Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 16 Accumulative Report Table II.3.3.1 Expressing emotions scenes in American’s movies Saying Movies Time stamp “thank you” Saying “sorry” 1:49:38 - 1:50:25 x x 1:11:56 - 1:12:06 x x 16:33 - 16:55 x x The Wolf of Wall Street (2013) 19:58 - 22:01 x x The Godfather (1972) 2:21:52 - 2:21:58 x - The Office 1:09 - 1:14 - x Wall Street (1987) 22:56 - 23:15 x - The Big Short (2015) 20:40 - 22:09 - - 1:56:37 - 1:57:58 - - 3:23 - 3:38 x x The Pursuit of Happiness (2006) The Social Network (2010) The Intern (2015) Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010) Margin Call (2011) Table II.3.3.2 Movies Expressing emotions scenes in Vietnam’s movies Time stamp Saying Saying “thank Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 17 Accumulative Report Phỏng vấn xin việc (Tran, 2018) Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 2) Chuyện cơng sở (Hoai, 2019) Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 4) you” “sorry” 12:25 & 23:02 x x 24:07 & 13:08 - - 18:06 - 21:01 x x 34:05 & 32:06 - - 0:38 - 1:01 - - 8:17 - 8:19 - x 29:42 & 35:02 x x 21:09 - 21:15 - x 27:36 - 30:01 x - 29:53 - 30:04 x - Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 5) Văn hóa giao tiếp (Ep 10) Hướng nghiệp (Ep - Part 2) Hành trình cơng lý (Ep 1) Hành trình cơng lý (Ep 1) Cảnh Sát Hình Sự: Cuồng Phong (Ep 2) Table II.3.3.3 The percentage of expressing emotions in business communication in American and Vietnamese movies How they expressing their emotion in business Movies communication? Saying “thank you” Saying “sorry” American 70% 60% Vietnamese 50% 50% Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 18 Accumulative Report Tables 2.2.3.a and 2.2.3.b show how Americans and Vietnamese convey their emotions in business communication While table 2.2.3.c is simplified since it provides an overview of how Americans and Vietnamese individuals convey their emotions in business communication In America, people tend to say “thank you” (70%) more than Vietnamese people (50%) Most American movie scenes show that Americans often say sorry (60%) when they make a mistake or have a minor inconvenience The chart also shows that when individuals something for them, Vietnamese people are (50%) less likely to say "thank you." Furthermore, we can see that they are not willing to say "sorry" (50%) when they are troubled or make errors Overall, Americans communicate their joy and sadness in a natural and comfortable way When it comes to professional communication, the Vietnamese prefer to keep their feelings hidden and refuse to express them Chapter III: CONCLUSION III.1 Conclusion Because Vietnam and America have many major cultural differences, the ways they use communication styles to communicate also varies greatly According to the three contents, Vietnamese people choose the appropriate greeting style based on social standing, age, and relationship at the start of the communication process While in contrast with Americans, they frequently chose a typical greeting with a handshake and some opening questions The idea of direct communication differs significantly across the two cultures In business, the Vietnamese prefer indirect communication over direct communication They are trying to avoid discussing their negative thoughts, which frequently leads to misunderstandings Meanwhile, in the United States, directness in communicating is a display of trust and commitment When it comes to business, they are passionate about discussing problems openly and directly And they consider the long speeches and Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 19 Accumulative Report misunderstandings of the issues as a waste of time Furthermore, the difference in social patterns makes it more difficult to identify Vietnamese emotions in the business communication process than Americans since Vietnamese have a centralized culture and tend to control their emotions to maintain harmony with in interaction process Americans, on the other hand, have individual cultures, so they can express themselves more clearly and comfortably, and we can easily identify their emotions through their speech III.2 Recommendation Studying on styles of communication can help us interact with others more properly, and it is also a method for us to fit into today's multicultural business environment After reviewing the study, we can observe that there are significant differences in the use of communication styles in business communication between the United States and Vietnam Nonetheless, having the difference does not make it impossible to cooperate; instead, understanding the difference and using the appropriate communication styles at the correct time can offer us an advantage in most communication scenarios in daily today ’s business world In order to choose and change our approach to the most suitable communication with a business partner, we must first establish what culture our business partner comes from REFERENCES Khan, F., Upadhyay, A K., & Chaturvedi, S K (2020) Communication: The Art Of Speaking Ilkogretim Online, 19(4), 7105-7110 Koontz, H., O'Donnell, C., & Weihrich, H (2005) Management, Volume I Interpreting Alfonsus Sirait, Erlangga, Jakarta Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 20 Accumulative Report Zachwieja, A S (2019, April 10) US Business Etiquette | Business Culture US | Globig Globig | https://globig.co/blog/a-quick-guide-to-business-etiquette-inthe-united-states/ Vietnam - Cultural Etiquette - e Diplomat (n.d.-b) http://www.ediplomat.com/np/cultural_etiquette/ce_vn.htm United States - Cultural Etiquette - e Diplomat (n.d.) http://www.ediplomat.com/np/cultural_etiquette/ce_us.htm How did Vietnamese business people use to greet each other formally? (n.d.) Moon.vn https://moon.vn/hoi-dap/how-did-vietnamese-business-people-use-togreet-each-other-formally-804460 Istiaque, A A (2019, December 9) American Etiquettes- How people greet USA Admission - Study in USA, F1 Visa, Opt https://usaadmission.com/americanetiquettes-how-people-greet/ Hays, J (n.d.-b) CUSTOMS AND ETIQUETTE IN VIETNAM | Facts and Details https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9c/entry-3386.html Udemy Editor (2020, March 11) Communication Styles and How They Affect Your Business Udemy Blog https://blog.udemy.com/communication-styles/ Troester, R., & Warburton, T L (2001) The technical communicator as corporate spokesperson: A public relations primer. Journal of technical writing and communication, 31(3), 241-256 Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 21 Accumulative Report Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh Page 22