you with the information you need to work safely. T 2. The number one cause of injury to workers is slips and falls. T 3. Sharing cigarettes, eating utensils, drink containersstraws, and bits of food does not increase your risk of exposure to communicable diseases. F 4. Workplace safety is based on staff recognizing, assessing, and controlling hazards in the workplace. T 5. All employers in General Industry are required to have a written and implemented SHMS program. F It is good practice for general industry employers to develop and implement a written safety and health management system, but there is no legal requirement in Michigan. Effective safety and health management systems can assist in decreasing injuries and illnesses as well as achieve other “bottom line benefits” such as lower workers’ compensation costs, increased productivity, increased employee morale, lower absenteeism and lower employee turnover. MIOSHA may issue good faith credit to companies that have a safety and health system. Construction companies are required to have a written accident prevention program per Construction Safety Standards, Part 1 General Rules. 6. Hazard reporting systems work best when they strictly follow chain of command. F Following chain of command is a common method of reporting safety and health concerns, but it is best to also have alternative avenues of reporting. These may include reporting hazards to any supervisor, a designated safety and health representative or an open door policy where an employee can report to any management personnel. Ideally, employees should be empowered to immediately correct minor hazards when observed, if they have the training, knowledge and tools to do so safely. Employees should also be encouraged to coach other employees they see working unsafely.
employees have no role in preventing heat- related illness among their worker I Answer the following True/False Questions You have the right to know the hazards in your job Your employer or supervisor must provide you with the information you need to work safely T The number one cause of injury to workers is slips and falls T Sharing cigarettes, eating utensils, drink containers/straws, and bits of food does not increase your risk of exposure to communicable diseases F Workplace safety is based on staff recognizing, assessing, and controlling hazards in the workplace T All employers in General Industry are required to have a written and implemented SHMS program F It is good practice for general industry employers to develop and implement a written safety and health management system, but there is no legal requirement in Michigan. Effective safety and health management systems can assist in decreasing injuries and illnesses as well as achieve other “bottom line benefits” such as lower workers’ compensation costs, increased productivity, increased employee morale, lower absenteeism and lower employee turnover. MIOSHA may issue good faith credit to companies that have a safety and health system. Construction companies are required to have a written accident prevention program per Construction Safety Standards, Part General Rules Hazard reporting systems work best when they strictly follow chain of command F Following chain of command is a common method of reporting safety and health concerns, but it is best to also have alternative avenues of reporting. These may include reporting hazards to any supervisor, a designated safety and health representative or an open door policy where an employee can report to any management personnel. Ideally, employees should be empowered to immediately correct minor hazards when observed, if they have the training, knowledge and tools to so safely. Employees should also be encouraged to coach other employees they see working unsafely – Both accident and near-miss incident investigations are important steps in preventing future injuries T When coupled to root cause analysis and corrective action, each is an important tool in preventing future injury/illness. Accident investigation is a reactive measure for correcting a hazard but should have benefits in correcting root causes and preventing future similar accidents. Near-miss reports and investigation may be considered proactive since they are predictive of other probable serious accidents Once you have spotted a hazard what is the FIRST thing you should is to bring your own toolbox to work and fix it yourself F Heat stroke is a rare condition and not life threatening F 10 A hazard is any situation that has the potential to cause injury, illness, or death T II Answer the following True/False Questions and provide short explanations. True or False – To have an effective safety and health management system all policies and procedures must be written F – Policies issued by top management must be effectively communicated to middle managers, supervisors and employees. In most cases this requires a written policy statement. However, in smaller organizations where policy can be effectively communicated by verbal instruction, there may be less need for written statements 2. True or False – Hosting a pizza party to celebrate a unit or department’s no lost-time accident record is a good safety and health incentive or motivational tool T Hosting a pizza party to celebrate a unit or department's no lost-time accident record is a good safety and health incentive or motivational tool as it promotes positive behaviors related to safety and encourages employees to maintain a safe work environment Additionally, it fosters a sense of community and teamwork among staff and reinforces the value that the company places on safety III Classify the main injuries encountered in the hospitality industry Name at least types and provide suggestions Hospitality industry Slips, trips and falls Accidents of this nature are the most common among non-fatal injuries to employees, accounting for 29% of the most common non-fatal accident kinds It’s hardly surprising, given the nature of such accidents — nearly every workplace has the capacity to develop a slip or trip hazard! A spilled drink in the office, a curled rug corner in a shop, or something bigger like an oil or chemical spill in a factory These things happen, but the problem arises when the spills and trip hazards aren’t addressed immediately, turning the risk into a cause This is when an accident becomes a work accident, as a failure to follow or implement a process (i.e the workplace is at fault for not having a necessary routine to address the spill or trip hazard before an accident materializes) Suggestions: Key elements of prevention of slips, trips and falls include: Signs for slippery areas Danger tape to highlight any potential trip hazards, such as steps or uneven flooring Non-slip footwear Signs to signal any recent spills Adequate lighting A process in place that has spills tended to immediately Lifting/handling The second-most common workplace injury is lifting/handling accidents, clocking in at 22% of all non-fatal injuries Injuries from lifting and handling heavy items tend to revolve around muscle strains Back pain, neck pain, arm pain, and leg pain can all result of a lifting or handling injury These injuries usually occur over a stretch of time where you are frequently handling heavy goods, but it is possible to injure yourself from a one-off heavy item lifting situation Your workplace ought to provide training for handling heavy goods, as well as relevant lifting apparatus where needed Suggestions: Prevention of lifting/handling injuries include: Training on how to lift heavy goods Using apparatus to help lifting, where available If you think lifting equipment should be in place for a task, speak to your employer Employees are often the best eyes and ears for potential risks! Ask for help with lifting heavy items Struck by an object Being struck by an object is the third most common workplace injury, and accounts for 10% of workplace injuries Such injuries can cause a varying degree of problems, from minor cuts and bruises to more serious results like concussion or even blindness Items falling from a high shelf, moving loads with machinery, and dropping tools are all common causes of these accidents Suggestions: Depending on the sector you work in, the prevention methods may differ: Make sure that any objects that aren’t on ground level are secure Following from this, be sure that these items won’t be easily knocked Heavier items should be stored near the ground, and lighter items higher up Self-standing items should be secured or stabled When using machinery to move loads, such as when operating a pallet truck or trolley, stick to designated routes Avoid working or moving under a moving load Inspect lifting apparatus to ensure everything is working Fall from height At 7% of all non-fatal workplace accidents, falling from a height covers falling from ladders and scaffolding, or any other structure or platform that isn’t at floor-level Although falling from a height is the fourth most common non-fatal work accident, they are the third highest contributor to fatal injuries at 20% Injuries from these sorts of accidents include broken limbs, fractures, bruises, concussion, and more Suggestions: Where possible, control points and work should be designed to take place on ground level where possible Permanent safety features should be installed if working at a height is frequent Steps, railing, etc Minimize the risk of falling from a ladder climbing slowly, and avoid sudden movements Ensure the type of ladder or scaffolding is correct for the job at hand Do not overreach when on a ladder or scaffolding Acts of violence The fifth most common non-fatal workplace accident comes as a result of violence, with 7% of accidents at work attributed to this Unlike with the other accident causes in this article, it’s difficult to narrow down the resulting injury from this cause of workplace accidents Generally, employees who deal with face-to-face roles are at risk of violence, from customers or even other employees The injury caused by acts of violence can vary wildly, but that doesn’t mean they cannot be prevented Suggestions: Regular staff meetings can be effective in highlighting problems faced day-to-day at work Informing your employer is a strong first step to having the matter addressed Detailed records of previous incidents will help to identify patterns, causes, and areas of concern Physical security measures, such as CCTV and security locks Wider counters can help protect staff in customer-facing roles Teacher Repetitive strain injuries Many teachers file workers’ compensation claims because of repetitive strain injuries, including carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, etc These injuries can be caused by any number of repetitive movements that teachers make, including typing, writing on the whiteboard or while grading papers, or standing for long periods Suggestions: Start the day off with stretches Repetitive stress injuries and carpal tunnel syndrome are very common in the education field Just taking 10 minutes to stretch hands, wrists, shoulders, and the back every day can reduce these problems and provide stress relief Back and knee injuries are common among teachers, and stretching techniques will reduce the risk of injury Slip and fall accidents Teachers can suffer injuries in a slip or trip and fall accident, such as broken bones, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, neck injuries, and lacerations A number of conditions in schools or district offices can lead to falls—spilled food or drinks, water or trash in halls, parking lot hazards (water, potholes), unkempt extension cords, and damaged flooring or stairs Suggestions: Signs for slippery areas Danger tape to highlight any potential trip hazards, such as steps or uneven flooring Wear work-appropriate footwear This means that during the rainy season, the possibility of slips and falls is very high Teachers should use shoes suitable for weather conditions 3 Stress and psychological strain Educators have a tough job Not only is their job physically demanding but it can also be mentally and emotionally demanding; they have to handle and navigate challenging students and/or parents, lack of supplies and funding, staff shortages, community-related challenges, and other external pressure These challenges can affect a teacher’s mental well-being and can lead to stress, anxiety, depression, or other physiological conditions Teachers face multiple pressures at work, including overcrowded classrooms, insufficient supplies, lack of time to meet expectations, government or private funding for education, curriculum issues, and a lot more These pressures can create health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders Beyond mental health issues, stress can manifest into high blood pressure, gastrointestinal problems, and other physical ailments Suggestions: The staff in charge of arranging the number of students in the class should appropriately arrange about 40 to 50 people Avoid overcrowding or too few classes, it will be difficult for teachers to control problems such as students making noise The Ministry of Education and Training should regularly organize training for teachers Teachers should prepare lesson plans before teaching to reduce the pressure on the curriculum It is necessary to be fully equipped with learning materials and necessary equipment for the teaching work of teachers, meeting the teaching process Exposure to Dangerous Materials When teaching, teachers have to interact a lot with the board and chalk The chalk that teachers often use is made mainly from gypsum, which is very harmful to the respiratory tract if used continuously The diseases that teachers often suffer from include sinusitis, bronchitis, and rhinitis Over time, these diseases can affect the lungs, causing serious inflammation. Suggestions: To minimize the risk of harmful effects from chalk dust affecting the health of teachers and staff It is necessary to replace the type of chalkboard with the white one. Teachers should combine projectors to avoid inhaling chalk dust when using chalk Instead of using regular chalk, you can switch to a dust-free powder Chef Slips, Trips, and Falls Slips can happen because of a spill or wet floors Many kitchen floors may also need to be washed before and after service You might even need to clean your floors during service if you spill food or liquid The water used to clean your floors can cause you to slip Any clutter left on the kitchen floor, like empty crates and boxes, can cause staff to trip and fall Careless positioning of power cables also poses the same risk Other causes of slips, trips, and falls in the kitchen are: Uneven floors Poor lighting Unsuitable floor coverings Protruding boxes Wires and gas lines Cracked and uneven floors Bulky equipment These objects can cause slips, trips, and falls. Furthermore, compression socks can promote proper blood flow and help keep your legs and feet feeling fresh That way, you don’t have to worry about tripping over boxes and broom handles when your feet are fatigued A trip and fall accident is a common kitchen accident, resulting in minor bruising, sprains, or more severe injuries like a broken arm, leg fractures, or broken bones. Suggestions: Chef stands for hours, so sensible, oil-resistant shoes are more than necessary In most cases, the right choice of footwear can keep your staff comfortable while they work and also safe There’re many types of slip-resistant shoes that can prevent slipping injuries.Another way to prevent slipping is to encourage good housekeeping practices That includes cleaning spills from floors immediately and marking wet floors with signs It is necessary to be fully equipped Non-slip mats and no-skid waxes also where spills may occur, such as near sinks, ice machines, and greasy areas. Caution wet floor sign: All floors in the kitchen must be free of clutter Packages delivered to the kitchen area must have a designated storage space, so they’re out of the way Besides being a tripping hazard, cables can cause fires when they come near water. BURNS Burns are possibly the most common kitchen accident in professional kitchens. Many chefs still cook food over open flames Consequently, burns are common in the restaurant industry.Burns are inevitable in the kitchen Workers can get burns from the food they prepare or even the appliances they use Boiling water, deep fryers, hot oil, stovetops, and pot handles are all dangerous if not handled well 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns affecting the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis levels of the skin. Hot skillets and pans – Chefs often have to pass hot bowls, skillets, and pans to their kitchen staff If they are not careful, one of these objects could burn the chef. Grease and steam – Grease burns can be especially painful That’s because grease can stick to their skin Steam can also burn them Steam burns typically occur when steam envelops you after opening an oven or pot Suggestions: Stoves must remain off when they’re not in use The handles of pots and pans must face away from other burners, to keep them from heating up They shouldn’t stick out, either, where someone passing by might knock into them There should also be proper tools for handling hot appliances, such as potholders Workers should not wear loose clothing either as these may catch fire near open flames FOOT SPRAINS AND INJURIES Many chefs spend a large portion of each day on their feet After all, restaurant work can be both energetic and hectic Chefs and kitchen staff can sometimes walk several miles a day between their freezers, food preparation areas, and kitchen lines.As a result, many chefs and kitchen staff can experience foot sprains and other injuries. Neck, back, and shoulder strains are all risks that kitchen staff face in their daily work Lifting heavy items, bending, and slips, trips, and falls are usually the cause of strains In addition to hallux rigidus, common kitchen-related foot injuries include: Plantar fasciitis Sprains Breaks Bruises Suggestions: Preventing foot injuries typically starts with finding the right shoes and socks The best work footwear is usually designed for people who work on their feet all day As a result, this footwear features: Long-lasting materials, Custom-formulated insolesSlip-resistant bases These attributes can help prevent excessive foot and toe stress Another way to prevent foot injuries is to or practice exercise for chefs regularly. Cuts and Lacerations From chopping onions to slicing steaks, chef work often involves very sharp knives As a result, many chefs and kitchen staff occasionally cut themselves While most cuts are minor, some cuts can be severe injuries Using a sharp knife can be dangerous too Without proper storage, one little slip can cause serious harm Even using the wrong size or type of knife for a job, or one with a loose handle can be risky But dull knives can actually pose more risks than sharp knives That’s because dull knives can be harder to work with Consequently, chefs and kitchen staff may hold and use their dull knives awkwardly to get the best cut. sharp knives can still be dangerous Broken glassware also increases the risk of cuts Small chips in the glass can also be as dangerous as broken pieces due to the sharp edges formed. Suggestions: Educating yourself on proper knife work is one of the best ways to prevent cuts and scrapes They should also make sure to clock in enough sleep before working with sharp objects so that you’re mentally focused Proper handling of knives and glassware is essential to prevent injuries Knives must always be sharp, and workers should be aware of recently sharpened knives Cutresistant gloves also help protect the staff from cutting themselves A designated place for storing knives is vital to ensure that no one gets cut by accident For example, they can use a knife block, or counter rack to keep blades out of the way If any glass breaks, it’s essential to clean up the pieces right away Avoid having glass in the kitchen if it’s possible, to prevent injuries Doctor OVEREXERTION Within the healthcare industry, overexertion or bodily reaction can happen far too easily. In 2014, the Bureau of Labor Statistics revealed that overexertion injuries were twice as likely to happen for hospital workers than for other full-time workers in other industries Suggestions: Use Mechanical Aids: The use of mechanical aids can reduce the risk of overexertion injuries These aids include hoists, lifters, slide boards, and patient transfer belts Ergonomic Workstations: Provide ergonomic workstations that support a comfortable and safe working posture This may include adjustable work surfaces, chairs, and screens Regular Exercise: Encourage healthcare workers to engage in regular exercise to improve strength and flexibility, reducing the risk of overexertion injuries Implement Workplace Policies: Implement workplace policies that promote a culture of safety and prioritize the health and well-being of healthcare workers These policies may include safe patient handling and ergonomics training, regular safety audits, and access to appropriate equipment and resources FALLS: SLIPS AND TRIPS Another very common injury for doctors is a fall resulting from a slip or a trip These injuries are often caused by spilled water or other liquids that create a slippery walking surface But damaged flooring or loose cords, wires, and tubing can also cause trips and falls These falls can result in bruising, strains, and possible bone fractures Suggestions: Preventive maintenance: Ensure that all flooring, carpets, and tiles are securely fastened and that loose surfaces are repaired immediately Keep all cords and wires out of traffic areas and install slip-resistant mats in areas that are prone to spills Personal Protective Equipment such as slip-resistant footwear, for staff working in highrisk areas Signs and Markings: Use signs and markings to alert staff and visitors of potential hazards and blocked pathways Regular Safety Audits: Conduct regular safety audits to identify potential hazards and take corrective action immediately Musculoskeletal injuries Doctors often have to maintain a particular posture for extended periods while performing medical procedures This can lead to musculoskeletal disorders like back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, etc. Suggestions: To prevent such injuries, doctors can improve their posture, take short breaks to stretch, and use ergonomic furniture and equipment VIOLENCE Unfortunately, doctors and other healthcare professionals face the possibility of being assaulted while on the job This can be anything from verbal threats to physical attacks Medical professionals may face attacks from patients, upset family members, coworkers, and even intruders in some cases The injuries from violence can not only be physically damaging but also emotionally traumatic Suggestions: Improve Security Measures: Implement safety measures such as installing security cameras and alarms, securing entrances. Build Strong Relationships with Patients and Families: Building strong relationships with patients and family members through open communication and empathy can help to prevent violence Encourage Reporting of Incidents: Encourage employees to report any incidents of violence immediately so that they can be addressed promptly and effectively SUBSTANCE EXPOSURE Throughout the workday, doctors and healthcare professionals are constantly surrounded by airborne pathogens, bacteria, and other germs They can also experience bloodborne infectious diseases when they come in contact with blood While not specifically injuries, the effects of these diseases can cause injury to the bodies of healthcare professionals Suggestions: Use appropriate personal protective equipment : Healthcare professionals should wear gloves, gowns, masks, and other PPE to protect themselves from exposure to airborne and bloodborne pathogens and other harmful substances Follow proper infection control practices: Healthcare professionals should follow infection control protocols and guidelines when dealing with patients to reduce the risk of spreading infectious diseases Properly label and dispose of hazardous materials: Healthcare professionals should label and dispose of hazardous materials, such as sharps and medical waste, according to appropriate regulations Office staff Slips, Trips and Falls Universal slip, trip and fall culprits include unattended spills, wet floors, exposed cords, unstable work surfaces, uneven floors, loose rugs and cluttered areas Inclement weather conditions, such as rain, create outdoor slip hazards on exterior steps, ramps, walkways, entry and exit areas, and parking lots, and indoor hazards when wet floors are not cleaned up promptly. Suggestions: Clean up all spills immediately, and post signs identifying hazards in areas that are being cleaned or that have recently been cleaned, and in areas prone to water accumulation and wet surfaces Office walkways should be kept clear, as boxes and other clutter can create a trip hazard Electrical and telephone cords should also be properly secured and not stretched across aisles or walkways, and carpets should not be frayed or buckled Ergonomic Injuries Office workers spend many hours a day seated at a desk, working on a computer, resulting in ergonomic strains and other injuries related to posture and repetitive movement These types of hazards can be difficult to detect Suggestions: A variety of adjustable chairs, desks, keyboards, etc., should be offered to accommodate the widest range of work styles Employees should be told how to set up and operate adjustable equipment for the best workstation fit The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) offers an eTool illustrating general ergonomics guidelines for setting up a computer workstation and performing computer-related tasks: Position the chair, keyboard and monitor in a straight line with your body Maintain a relaxed, neutral posture Sit up straight, adjusting the chair to provide firm back support Let your arms hang loosely at the shoulders Keep your elbows at a 90-degree angle while typing Use an adjustable keyboard tray to position your keyboard and mouse at a comfortable height (usually lower than the desk surface) Place your mouse next to the keyboard, and keep it as close as possible to your body, to avoid reaching Adjust the chair’s height so that your feet are firmly on the ground HR can monitor employees for musculoskeletal disorder symptoms OSHA advises paying attention to any pain, fatigue, numbness or weakness, as these may be signs of an ergonomics problem and the start of a more serious issue Eye Strain Spending a large portion of their workday at the computer can cause eyestrain Eyes may become dry and irritated, and workers may begin having trouble focusing Light levels should be suitable for the work task —for instance, manual detail work may require higher levels of lighting, but staring at a computer monitor does not Suggestions: + Can cut down on excessive glare by closing blinds on windows and dimming the overhead lights Correctly positioning monitors slightly below eye level, minimizing screen glare and increasing computer font size all can help alleviate eye strain + To reduce eyestrain and fatigue, take a 10-minute break for every hour you spend looking at a computer screen, giving their eyes a rest and focusing on things at varying distances IV Identify the hazards in this picture and suggest a solution. a b. Noisy sewing machines harm hearing:The sewing machine makes a very loud noise when in use When many are running at the same time, the noise level can be very high Too much noise can permanently damage your hearing Solutions: Ask an OSH professional to measure the noise level, for them to take corrective measures. If noise levels are too high, wear ear protection Sitting many hours on a hard stool with no support harms the back Solutions: The condition of the chair has a backrest for workers to be comfortable when working adjustable padded seat with backrest Machine injury: Needles in the machine can cut your fingers and hands and can break and fly into your eyes Moving parts can catch hair and pull it out or pull a person into the machine Solutions : Machine guards and shields can protect workers from getting cut, stabbed, or injured by needles Enclose drive shafts and moving belts (above and under the table, to keep hair, clothing, or anything else away from moving parts Strain and injury: Sewing machine operators the same movements over and over. Solutions: Take breaks, rotate among jobs, and stretch and strengthen different muscles Improve your workstation to support your body and reduce the reaching, strain, and strength needed to operate your machine Stacking products so high that the workplace is poorly lit can cause workers to have to squint or get too close to the work, which weakens the eye muscles and can lead to blurry vision. Solutions: Design a separate place for finished products, not stack products too high. Do exercises to strengthen and stretch the muscles around your eyes Cutting tools can be very dangerous, khiến cơng nhân bị đứt tay, bị thương cắt vải Solutions: Machines should have guards that surround the blade Workers should wear metal mesh gloves so they don’t cut their hands Workers should receive training on how to use the machines safely — especially how to turn them off quickly! Factories should have a first aid plan and supplies for treating cuts and injuries See First aid for machine injuries Factories should also have a health plan to care for and provide rehabilitation to injured workers It should include compensation to injured workers and their families for temporary or permanent disability that stops them from working. Lifting heavy rolls of fabric without help can hurt your upper body and back Solutions: Equipped with additional equipment used to lift or move the rolls of fabric Bending over a low desk and reaching for tools can cause back pain Solutions: Equip the workbench in accordance with human ergonomics to avoid workers having to bend a lot when working The best tables for people who work standing are ones that can be adjusted up or down to fit each person who uses them Adjustable tables can also make it easier to switch between sitting and standing Powerful cutting tools with no guards can cause severe injury Solutions: Machine guards and shields can protect workers from getting cut, or injured by needles Poorly maintained electrical tools can give electrical shocks or sparks that cause fires - Solutions: Regular inspection and periodic maintenance of machinery and equipment Detect equipment with problems that need to be handled promptly and quickly to avoid risks Dull cutting tools, dusty machinery, and unstable furniture can cause muscle strain and other injuries Poorly maintained machinery is noisier, less efficient, and breaks down more often Good maintenance is good for safety and good for business Cutting chemically treated fabrics exposes workers to dangerous fumes and dust Air thick with fabric dust is very common in garment factories and harmful to health - - Solutions: Local exhaust ventilation prevents dust from getting in the air Check local ventilation by doing the Following the Air activity For local ventilation to work it needs to be checked, maintained, and cleaned regularly Enclose machines or processes that produce a lot of dust Clean your work area regularly with a vacuum, mop, or wet rag Provide masks for workers Standing all day on a hard floor without padding can hurt legs, feet, and back Solutions: Equipped with cushions under the workers' standing, there is a clear break regime to avoid employees working too hard V Risk Assessment Framework Câu hỏi 1: Mức độ nghiêm trọng chấn thương tiềm ẩn S = Mức độ nghiêm txước), S2: Chấn thương nặng (cắt cụt chi tử vong) Câu hỏi 2: Tần suất tiếp xúc với mối nguy hiểm tiềm ẩn F = Tần số F1: Tiếp xúc không thường xuyên, F2: Từ phơi sáng thường xuyên đến liên tục Câu hỏi 3: Khả tránh nguy hiểm xảy P = Khả P1: Có thể, P2: Ít đến không thể Câu hỏi 4: Khả mối nguy hiểm xảy L = rọng B1: Chấn thương nhẹ (bầm tím, trầy Khả L1: Rất khó xảy L2: Khơng L3: Rất có khả Các yếu tố nguy liên quan từ thấp (B) đến cao (4) Question 1: Severity of potential injuries S= Severity S1: Slight injury (bruise, abrasion), S2: Severe injury (amputation or death) Question 2: Frequency of exposure to potential hazards F= Frequency F1: Infrequent exposure, F2: From frequent to continuous exposure Question 3: Possibility of avoiding the hazard if it does occur P= Possibility P1:Possible, P2: Less possible to not impossible Question 4: Likelihood that the hazard will occur L= Likelihood L1: Highly unlikely L2: Unlikely L3: Highly likely Associated risk factors ranging from lowest (B) to highest (4) The girl carrying a stack of books (the stack of books is too high, the girl wears high heels and has a power line at her feet) Severity of potential injuries : S1: Slight injury ( bruise, abrasion) Associated risk factors ranging: B Solutions: Use special trolleys to stack and move books Avoid carrying large stacks of books out of sight He smoked sitting next to the trash can when smoking caused a fire and the door was blocked by the bins and brooms, so it was possible that the fire could not escape Severity of potential injuries: S2: Severe injury (amputation or death) Frequency of exposure to potential hazards: F1: Infrequent exposure Possibility of avoiding the hazard if it does occur: P1:Possible Likelihood that the hazard will occur L3 Associated risk factors ranging:1 Solutions:The company may introduce a ban on smoking in the office or workplace Clean up trash in the work area to avoid contamination The exit is blocked, when the building fires, it will be dangerous to life Severity of potential injuries: S2: Severe injury (amputation or death) Frequency of exposure to potential hazards: F1: Infrequent exposure Possibility of avoiding the hazard if it does occur P2: Less possible to not impossible Likelihood that the hazard will occur L3: Highly likely Associated risk factors ranging: Solutions: Do not let any objects block the exit, equip an extra fire extinguisher so that in the event of a bad case it can be used. The man was installing a light bulb on the ceiling but was wobbling in his chair Severity of potential injuries: S2: Severe injury (amputation or death) Frequency of exposure to potential hazards: F1: Infrequent exposure Possibility of avoiding the hazard if it does occur P2: Less possible to not impossible Likelihood that the hazard will occur L= Likelihood L2: Unlikely Associated risk factors ranging: Solutions: Should use ladders instead of standing on the edge of chairs, use protective equipment, insulation when changing light bulbs Man sitting on a swivel chair, listening to the phone Severity of potential injuries : S1: Slight injury ( bruise, abrasion) Associated risk factors ranging: B Solutions: Change the swivel foot chair to another type of chair.