Microsoft Word [222 NEW] AVTC5 Unit 1 Line Graph K26 Copy AVTC5 Unit 1 Line graphs [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] page 3 Unit 1 LINE GRAPH (FULL REPORT) I PRE WRITING 1 Definition Ch[.]
AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs Unit 1: LINE GRAPH (FULL REPORT) I PRE-WRITING Definition Characteristics of a line graph: Line graphs can be used to show how information or data changes over time In other words, they highlight trends A trend is the movement of data in a general direction over time On a line graph, trends are represented by the direction of the lines Trends can be upward or downward, or they can remain at the same level In your report, it is important to describe trends and compare them Elements of a line graph: + The horizontal axis usually involves units of time: days, months, years, and so on Usually, the time represented in the task is in the past, but some graphs include projections about the future + The vertical axis can show almost any kind of data: costs, temperatures, rainfall, amounts of some commodity, population figures, and so on Basic rules for analyzing a line graph: Strategy to analyze a line graph - Write at least 150 words - Use an academic style - Do NOT give your opinion about the graphs Requirements - You NOT have to write a concluding paragraph or make any calculations - General trends are the main changes that take place over the whole period General or overall trend(s) - Compare the starting point of a line and the ending point to find the general trend - Identify the lowest and the highest range of data (e.g., most popular vs least popular, highest vs lowest sales, etc.) [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs Focus on: - Starting point and ending point of the line Details (separate line): - Periods with similar line trend (e.g., increased significantly, Main features decreased slightly, remained stable, etc.) - Changes in the trend of the line - The lowest and highest point (e.g., peak, etc.) Focus on: - Similar and contrasting trends of multiple lines (e.g., both increased/decreased; A increased, but B decreased, etc.) Details (multiple lines): - The lowest and highest range of data (e.g., most popular vs Main features least popular, etc.) - Intersection points (e.g., A and B both reached hundred thousand dollars in sales in 2010.) Structure of a line graph a Introduction Explain in your own words what the graph(s) is showing (Paraphrase the question) b Overview Describe general trend(s) c Body Describe the first group of information d Body Describe the second group of information *Notes: - An overview is a short summary of the main features If you not give any overview, you will get below band in the Task Achievement criterion - You not have to report all the information given in the graph You only need to focus on the key features, changes, differences, etc Language for Writing a Introduction Type of chart Verb The line illustrate(s) graph(s) demonstrate(s) represent(s) Noun phrase the number of + countable noun Time in [2010] between [2010] and [2020] [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs the amount of + compare(s) give(s) information from [2010] to uncountable noun about [2020] the percentage of/ over a [10]-year proportion of + noun period b Overview there is an increase/ decrease in [Noun phrase] (sales, Overall, / Generally, / profits, consumers, etc.) It is obvious/ apparent that there is an upward trend/ downward trend in + the number of/ As we can see, the amount of/ the percentage of + [Noun phrase] more people + [Verb] (watched TV, ate pizza, etc.) in place [A] than they did in place [B] Example: Overall, there is a huge increase in the number of people using smartphones over the 10-year period c Details *Common words and phrases to describe trends Trends Verbs/ Phrases to rise Nouns/ Phrases a rise from to 10 to increase by5 from to grow to decrease to fall to drop an increase a growth to by to decline from a decrease to of a fall a drop in a decline to remain unchanged/ stable/ steady at to stay the same to fluctuate between … and … to fluctuate around a fluctuation to be inconsistent/ unstable [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs to stabilize at Slow gradually a stabilization to reach a plateau at to peak at to bottom out at Moderate steadily slowly Fast Sudden quickly suddenly rapidly unexpectedly slightly Sentence structures a Verbs + Adverbs [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs Subject (- The amount of + Uncountable Nouns; - The number of + Verb Adverbs Sales increased significantly The amount of water dropped gradually Countable Nouns; Time expression - The percentage of + Nouns; - Sales/ Production, etc.) from (April) to (July) between (June) and (August) the amount of + Uncountable saw/ Time Expression witnessed Nouns Verb Adverb rise steadily the number of + Countable Nouns the number of The year (2000) witnessed international students at the university b Nouns + Adjectives Subject Verb a/an Adjective Noun experienced a significant increase Adjective Noun Time expression The number of international students at the from (2000) to (2005) university There + Be (+ a/an) in + Subject Time expression [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs There was a substantial rise in the from (March) to number of (June) (smart phones) c Future trends It is forecast/ predicted/ expected/ that Subject It is likely that the price of oil It is predicted that the price of oil likely Future Time tenses expression will increase will have reached next year by (2040) $500 is forecast/ Subject predicted/ To + Verb Time expression to increase in (2030) expected/ likely The number of people using the Internet in is expected Asia *Linking words Look at the line graph and see how sentences (that describe the graph) are linked using transitional phrases [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs (Source: https://www.english-exam.org/) Comparison (Similarities) Similarly, Likewise, S + V + O Example: Team sports experienced an increase in the amount of participation by numbers from 1995 to 2010 Similarly, the number of gym goers also rose significantly over the 15-year period Contrast (Differences) However, On the other hand, By/ In contrast, S + V + O But Example: In 1995, around 50% of club members participated in swimming, so this was clearly the most popular activity However, this figure decreased steadily to 15% in 2010 and remained steady at this rate until 2015 Although While S1 + V1 + O1, S2 + V2 + O2 Whereas Example: Although swimming began as the most popular activity, with 50% of the participants, the rate declined rapidly and stabilized at 15% in 2010 [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs Sample line graph The graph below shows the average annual expenditure on cell phone, national and international fixed-line services from 2001 to 2010 Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words (Source:https://zim.vn/) Task Look at the line graph above and answer the questions What is the line graph about? What are the trends of the lines? What is measured on the vertical axis? What is measured on the horizontal axis? What is the time period described in the graph? What major trends you see in the graph? What are some of the most important features of this graph? [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page 10 AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs Task Work in pairs Fill in the blanks to complete the outlines for the line graph How many ways can you organize the main details for the body paragraphs? - It’s a line graph about _ Paragraph - Time: between 2001 and 2010 - Yearly spending on mobile phones: ; - Yearly spending on national fixed line: ; Paragraph - Yearly spending on international fixed line: - The lowest figure during the whole period: Paragraph Describe the trend from 2001 to 2006 Paragraph Describe the trend from 2006 to 2010 Task Now, read the sample report and check your answer The line graph illustrates the average amount of money spent annually on mobile phone services, national and international landline services in the US over a period of years It is clear that the yearly spending on mobile phones was the only figure that increased significantly In addition, the figure for international fixed-line services was the lowest during the period In 2001, nearly $700 was spent on national landline phone services by US residents compared with only around $200 each on mobile phone and international landline services Over the next five years, the average amount spent on national fixed-line phone services fell by approximately $200 By contrast, yearly spending on cell phone services experienced a significant increase of about $300 At the same time, the figure for overseas landline services fluctuated slightly below $300 In 2006, US consumers spent the same amount of money on mobile and national fixed-line services, with just over $500 on each From 2006, the average yearly expenditure on mobile phone services was much higher than that of national fixed-line phone services and became the most common means of telecommunication To be more specific, yearly spending on mobile [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page 11 AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs phone services increased to nearly $750 in the final year, while the figure for national landline phone services decreased to about $400 at the end of the period During the same period, the figure for overseas phone services remained stable (232 words) (Source: zim.vn) Brainstorm ideas Task Read the Writing Task below and answer the questions The graph below shows the consumption of spreads from 1981 to 2007 Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words (Source: https://ieltsliz.com/) What is the graph about? What information the axes give? What are the time periods and unit of measurements? What trends you see in the graph? What are the highest number and the lowest number? What is the most significant change in the consumption of each type of spread? [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page 12 AVTC5_Unit 1_Line graphs Task Complete the following outline for the graph in Task Paragraph 1: Introduction The line graph illustrates _ - Time period: 26 years from to - Units of measurement: Paragraph 2: Overview - The consumption of margarine and butter: - The consumption of low fat and reduced spreads: - was the most popular spread at the beginning of the period; but _ became the most widely used spread in the final years Paragraph 3: Body - The amount of butter used began at around grams Then, it at 160 grams in 1986 before to about 50 grams in the last year - Approximately grams of margarine was eaten in the first year After that, this figure slightly and dropped to about 50 grams in 2007 Paragraph 4: Body - The consumption of low fat and reduced spreads started in at about grams years later, this figure at about 80 grams before falling slightly to approximately 70 grams in 2007 [FOR INTERNAL USE AT VAN LANG UNIVERSITY ONLY] - page 13