An analysis of common errors in using subordinators made by ffl sophomores in writing three classes at iuh graduation thesis faculty of foreign languages

MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES - - GRADUATION THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF COMMON ERRORS IN USING SUBORDINATORS MADE BY FFL SOPHOMORES IN WRITING THREE CLASSES AT IUH STUDENT NAME: HỒ NHỰT NAM ID NUMBER: 17061411 CLASS CODE: ĐHAV13B COURSE: 2017-2021 SUPERVISOR NAME: NGUYỄN THỊ THU HẰNG, M.A HCMC, 06/2021 MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES - - GRADUATION THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF COMMON ERRORS IN USING SUBORDINATORS MADE BY FFL SOPHOMORES IN WRITING THREE CLASSES AT IUH STUDENT NAME: HỒ NHỰT NAM ID NUMBER: 17061411 CLASS CODE: ĐHAV13B COURSE: 2017-2021 SUPERVISOR NAME: NGUYỄN THỊ THU HẰNG, M.A HCMC, 06/2021 MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES - - Student name : Hồ Nhựt Nam ID Number : 17061411 Class Code : ĐHAV13B Course: 2017-2021 Supervisor Name: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Student’s declaration: I declare that this graduation report is entirely my own work and does not involve in plagiarism or collusion It also has not been accepted as part of a submission to another purpose else where I accept heavy penalty for any cheating or plagiarism Date submitted : 20th June 2020 Signed : Hồ Nhựt Nam Word count : 9829 words AN ANALYSIS OF COMMON ERRORS IN USING SUBORDINATORS MADE BY FFL SOPHOMORES IN WRITING THREE CLASSES AT IUH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I received a plenty of enthusiastic help and support that guide and encourage me to conquer all obstacles and finish this thesis First of all, I would love to express my thanks to the School Board of Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City and the Faculty of Foreign Languages where I have chance to receive knowledge and experience life as a university student Secondly, I am sincerely indebted to Ms Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, MA as our supervisor for instructing me Based on her sincere comments from the beginning days of this process, I am mature enough in recognizing my hidden potentials and decreasing my weakness My thesis would be never finished without her encouragement, valuable comments, careful proof-reading and corrections Moreover, I would love to say special thanks to my close friends who are also other members in my group They are Mr Le Nhat Nam, Ms Nguyen Khanh Linh, Ms Luong Thi Ly who often shared my feelings and gave me timely advice and material during the thesis In short, I honestly thank to all people helping me to finish this thesis ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to know the common subordinators error that made by students in writing three classes at IUH and recommend some solutions for students to better learning of English subordinating conjunctions in particular and writing in general The researcher used quantitative research method This research was conducted at Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City The researcher chooses one hundred sixty second-year students majoring in English The data was collected from the questionare The students were asked to four exercises from the questionare.The first step to anayzed the data is identification of the errors, the second is classification of errors, the third is tabulation of errors, an the last is explanation of errors The result of this research presented that there are three types of error that students usually made in the writing classes, they are misformation, addition and misordering The study also discussed some causes of subordinating conjunction errors and some solutions for students in learning English subordinating conjunctions based on the findings Key words: subordinator, error, writing TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………1 1.1 Rationale:………………………………………………………………………………….1 1.2 Research Objectives……………………………………………………………………….1 1.3 Research Questions……………………………………………………………………… 1.4 Scope of the study………………………………………………………………………….2 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………… 2.1 Definitions of terms……………………………………………………………………… 2.1.1 Writing…………………………………………………………………………….…….3 2.1.1.1 Definition……………………………………………………………………….… …3 2.1.1.2 The significance of writing……………………………………………………………3 2.1.1.3 What is academic writing?……………………………………………………………4 2.1.2 Error………………………………………………………………………………… 2.1.2.1 Definition…………………………………………………………………………… 2.1.2.2 Types of error…………………………………………………………………….… 2.1.2.3 Part of errors………………………………………………………………………….6 2.1.3 Conjunctions……………………………………………………………………….…7 2.1.3.1 Definition…………………………………………………………………………… 2.1.3.2 Types of conjunction………………………………………………………………….7 2.1.4 Subordinators ……………………………………………………………………… 2.1.4.1 Definition…………………………………………………………………………… 2.2 Results of previous studies……………………………………………………………… 11 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH DESIGN…………………………………………………… 14 3.1 Research site………………………………………………………………………….….14 3.2 Participants………………………………………………………………………….……14 3.3 Research methodology and research methods……………………………………….… 15 3.3.1 Research Methodology…………………………………………………………………15 3.3.2 Research Method……………………………………………………………………….15 3.4 Procedures…………………………………………………………………………… …16 3.5 Data analysis………………………………………………………………………………16 CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………….18 4.1 Findings …………………………………………………………………………….……18 4.1.1 Results of exercise one…………………………………………………………………18 4.1.2 Results of exercise two …………………………………………………………………25 4.1.3 Results of exercise three.……………………………………………………………… 30 4.1.4 Results of exercise four…………………………………………………………………34 4.2 Classifying The Errors…………………………………………………………………….37 4.2.1 Misformation……………………………………………………………………………38 4.2.2 Misordering…………………………………………………………………………… 38 4.2.3 Addtion………………………………………………………………………………… 38 4.3 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………… ……39 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………… 41 5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………41 5.2 Limitations…………………………………………………………………………………43 5.3 Suggestion…………………………………………………………………………………43 REFERENCE…………………………………………………………………………………45 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………… 47 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Kind of subordinator errors in the previous studies……………………………… …13 Table 4.1 The Data of Students’ Errors in Using Subordinate Conjunction In Exercise One ….24 Table 4.2 The Data of Students’ Errors in Using Subordinate Conjunction In Exercise Two …29 Table 4.3 The Data of Students’ Errors in Using Subordinate Conjunction In Exercise Three 33 Table 4.4 The Data of Students’ Errors in Using Subordinate Conjunction In Exercise Four.…37 Table 4.5 Data of common subordinator errors………………………………………………….39 LIST OF CHARTS Chart 4.1 Data on results of question one………………………………………………………19 Chart 4.2 Data on results of question two………………………………………………………20 Chart 4.3 Data on results of question three………………………………………………… …21 Chart 4.4 Data on results of question four………………………………………………………22 Chart 4.5 Data on results of question five………………………………………………………23 Chart 4.6 Data on results of question six…………………………………………………….…25 Chart 4.7 Data on results of question seven………………………………………………….…26 Chart 4.8 Data on results of question eight……………………………………………… ……27 Chart 4.9 Data on results of question nine………………………………………………………28 Chart 4.10 Data on results of question ten………………………………………………………30 Chart 4.11 Data on results of question eleven…………………………………………… ……31 Chart 4.12 Data on results of question twelve…………………………………………… ……32 Chart 4.13 Data on results of question thirdteen……………………………………………, …34 Chart 4.14 Data on results of question fourteen…………………………………………………35 Chart 4.15 Data on results of question fifteen……………………………………………………36 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 SUPERVISOR’S EVALUATION FORM INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES SUPERVISOR’S EVALUATION FORM Student’s name: Hồ Nhựt Nam Student ID No: 17061411 Supervisor’s name: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A CRITERIA SCORE Format (3) Format And Coherence and Organization (4) Language Use Grammar mistakes (3) Introduction Research topic and objectives of research (5) Written Research questions (5) Graduation Literature Definitions of key terms/concepts (5) Thesis Review Review of previous studies (5) (70) Referencing (5) Methodology Research Methodology (10) Research Collecting and analyzing data (5) Findings Relevance between research findings and objectives (5) Evaluating and discussing the findings (5) Conclusions Conclusions & recommendation (10) Content (3) Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 55 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Oral Performance (3) Presentation Time management (10 minutes) (2) (10) Questions response (2) Supervisor’s Communication skill (2) Appraisal (10) Punctuality (2) Continuous improvement (6) Supervisor’s Group Decision &Planning Roles & Distribution Appraisal on Establish Goals teamwork (05) Meeting Minutes Peer evaluation Contribution to the team project on teamwork Taking responsibility (05) Working with others Other comments ………./100 TOTAL SCORES Date: …………………………… Signature ……………………………… Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 56 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 EXAMINER’S EVALUATION FORM INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES EXAMINER’S EVALUATION FORM Student’s name: Hồ Nhựt Nam Student ID No.: 17061411 Examiner’s name: …………………………………………………………………………… CRITERIA Format And Format (3) Language Use Coherence and Organization (4) SCORE Grammar mistakes(3) Introduction Written Rationale and objectives of research (5) Research questions (5) Graduation Literature Definitions of key terms/concepts (5) Thesis Review Review of previous studies (10) (80) Referencing (5) Methodology Research Methodology & Methods (10) Research Collecting and analyzing data (5) Findings Relevance between research findings and objectives (5) Evaluating and discussing the findings (10) Conclusions Conclusions & Recommendation (10) Oral Content (6) Presentation Performance (6) (20) Time management (10 minutes) (4) Questions responses (4) Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 57 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Other comments TOTAL SCORES ……… /100 Date: ………………………… Signature ……………………………… Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 58 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Rubrics for Written Graduation Thesis (70%) Item/ Weight Format (3) 10 Coherence and Organization (4) Grammar mistakes (3) Rationale and objectives of research (5) Intr odu ctio n 10 Research questions (5) Unsatisfactory There are consistent mistakes in the required format The development of paper is vague; no apparent logical order of presentation There are consistent spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper The rationale of the research topic area is unclearly described Little evidence shows the significance and objectives of the research topic Research questions are not successfully defined Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Developing There are several mistakes in the required format Satisfactory There are minor mistakes in the required format Exemplary 10 There are hardly any mistakes in the required format The paper is presented with connected concept and ideas, clear transitions The paper is presented in logical sequence and well organized The paper is clearly stated, well-developed and well organized There are several spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper There are minor spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper The rationale of the research topic is presented and the significance and objectives of the paper is justified The rationale of the research topic is adequately defined The significance and objectives of the paper is well justified There are hardly any spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper The rationale of the research topic is introduced in a coherent and interesting manner The significance and objectives of the paper is well justified Research questions are defined Research questions are coherently and clearly defined Research questions are scientifically meaningful and challenging Page 59 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam 15 Definitions of key terms/concepts (5) Definition of key concepts is insufficient Key concepts are recognized The key concepts related to the research topic are defined The key concepts related to the research topic are also clearly defined Review of previous studies (5) The previous studies are inadequately relevant with the research topic and inappropriatel y summarized References are of poor quality The format and layout are inconsistent and not in line with APA style The previous studies are relevant with the research topic and summarized The previous studies are quite relevant with the research topic and appropriately summarized The referencing is in a proper manner but the layout of the bibliography is consistent with APA style There are, however, a number of inconsistencies The referencing is in a proper manner and the layout of the bibliography is largely in line with APA style The author displays such a low level of research methodology and methods that it can be regarded as unacceptable The author correctly presents the research methods and shows good organization and application of research methodology The author justifies his/her choice of analysis methods and demonstrates effective application of relevant research methodology The previous studies are adequately relevant with the research topic and appropriately summarized The referencing is in a proper and extensive manner The format and layout of the bibliography are correct and in line with APA style The author justifies his/ her choice of research methods systematically and demonstrates a deep understanding in the application of relevant research methodology Referencing (5) 10 ID number: 17061411 Research Methodology and Methods (10) Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 60 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam Collecting and analyzing data (5) Res earc h find ings 15 Relevance between research findings and objectives (5) Evaluating and discussing the findings (5) The author describes the data collecting and analyzing stages but the description does not form a coherent and logical whole The analysis methods are mainly chosen to answer the research questions, but the author has an insufficient command of the methods The author demonstrates a poor level of understanding in the analysis of the research findings The research findings are inadequate in meeting objectives of study The thesis does not succeed in making contribution to the knowledge base of the Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A ID number: 17061411 The author correctly presents the data collecting and analyzing stages and also outlines the analysis The analysis demonstrates a good command and reliable use of the method The author presents the data collecting and analyzing stages clearly The author makes good use of the data in the analysis The author chooses the methods sensibly to summarize the information provided by the data The author presents the data collecting and analyzing stages correctly and clearly The author makes great use of the data in the analysis The author chooses the relevant methods to best summarize the information provided by the data The author demonstrates a satisfactory understanding in the analysis of the research findings The research findings may be adequate but not as described The author demonstrates adequate levels of understanding in the analysis of the research findings The research findings are adequate relevant to the objectives of the study The author demonstrates advanced levels of understanding in the analysis of the research findings The research findings are relevant to the objectives of the study The research findings make a minor contribution to the knowledge base of the discipline and field of study The research findings make a good contribution to the knowledge base of the discipline and field of study The research findings make a significant contribution to the knowledge base of the Page 61 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 discipline and field of study 10 Conclusion & Reconmmendati on (10) No logical conclusions are reached Answers to research questions studied and discussion about them is almost entirely missing or it is unconnected from the perspective of the research The final summary in no way communicates the purpose and findings of the study The author demonstrates inadequate understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of his/her own research Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A discipline and field of study The conclusions are partially logical The link between the conclusions and research questions is left somewhat unclear The final summary only partially communicates the purpose and findings of the study The author demonstrates quite adequate understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of his/her own research The conclusions are presented logically and answers to research questions are explained in a good manner The final summary communicates the purpose and findings of the study The author demonstrates adequate understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of his/her own research The conclusions are presented logically and answers to research questions are explained in a coherent manner The final summary is relevant and communicates the objectives and findings of the study The author demonstrates good understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of his/her own research Page 62 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Rubrics for Oral Presentation (10%) Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Exemplary Organizational structure present but unclear with underdeveloped introduction, body and conclusion Transitions are awkward Organizational structure present clearly with introduction, body and conclusion A few transitions Appropriate organizational pattern used and easy to follow with developed introduction, understandable body part and satisfying conclusion Main points are smoothly connected with transitions Performance (3) Very little gestures or eye contact Monotone voice or insufficient volume Reading of notes only Speech is often unintelligible Adequate use of gestures, eye contact, language, and voice Limited oral fillers and nonverbal distractions Uses a wide range of pronunciation features Time management (10minutes) (2) No regard for time constraints six or seven minutes above Little gestures or eye contact Monotone voice or insufficient volume Little poise Heavy reliance on notes Abundant oral fillers and nonverbal distractions Mispronunciatio ns are frequent and cause some difficulty for the listener Presentation given within four or five minutes above 10 Organizational pattern is compelling and moves audience through speech with ease Introduction draws in the audience and conclusion is satisfying Main points are clearly made and smoothly connected with transitions Effective use of gestures, eye contact, vivid language, and voice to add interest to speech Poised with use of notes for reference only No oral fillers and nonverbal distractions Clear pronunciation Item/ Weight Content (3) Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Presentation given within two or three minutes above or below the allotted time Presentation given within time constraints (from 9-11 minutes) Page 63 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam Questions response (2) ID number: 17061411 or below the allotted time or below the allotted time Unable to respond many questions Most questions are responded competently Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Nearly all questions are responded knowledgably and respectively All questions are responded knowledgably and respectively Page 64 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Rubrics for Supervisor’s Appraisal (10%) Item/ Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Exemplary Weight 10 Communic Students show a weak Students show an Students show Students show a ation skill communication skill in adequate a good very good (2) meetings with the communication skill communication communication supervisor and group in meetings with the skill in members supervisor and group meetings with with the members the supervisor supervisor and and group group members skill in meetings members Punctuality Students are always late Students are Students are Students are (2) in meetings with the sometimes late in usually always punctual supervisor meetings with the punctual in in meetings with supervisor meetings with the supervisor the supervisor Continuous Students show an Students show a Students show Students show a improveme unwilling attitude positive attitude a positive willing attitude nt towards assigned work, towards assigned attitude towards assigned (6) complete work late often work, complete towards work, complete and make no reference work late sometimes assigned work, work on time or from the supervisor and can make a complete work make alternative relevant reference on time or arrangement and from the supervisor make make a good alternative reference from arrangement the supervisor and make a good reference from the Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 65 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 supervisor Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 66 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Rubrics for Teamwork (10%) Rubrics for Peer Evaluation (5%) Name of member: Hồ Nhựt Nam Item/ Weight Unsatisfactory Developing Usually listens to others but sometimes does not pay much attention when others talk, and assumes their ideas will not work; Exemplary 10 Collects and Collects presents to the information when Collects basic, Does not collect team a great deal prodded; tries to useful information any relevant of relevant Contribution offer some ideas, related to the information; no information; offers to the team but not well research, useful suggestions well-developed project developed, and not occasionally offers to address team's and clearly clearly expressed, useful ideas to meet needs; expressed ideas to meet team's the team's needs; directly related to needs; the group's topic Performs assigned Does not perform tasks but needs assigned tasks; many reminders; often misses attends meetings Performs all Performs all tasks meetings and, regularly but assigned tasks; very effectively; when present, Taking generally does not attends meetings attends all does not have responsibility say anything regularly and meetings and anything constructive; usually participates participates constructive to sometimes expects effectively; enthusiastically; say; relies on others to others to the his/her work; work; Rarely listens to, shares with, and Working with supports the others efforts of others; often uses inappropriate language; often is not a good team member Satisfactory Generally listens to others' points of view; always uses appropriate and respectful language; tries to make a definite effort to understand others' ideas; Almost always listens to others and their ideas; helps them develop their ideas while giving them full credit Evaluator's name: Lê Nhật Nam Date of evaluation: 19/06/2021 Rubrics for Teamwork (10%) Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 67 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Rubrics for Peer Evaluation (5%) Name of member: Hồ Nhựt Nam Item/ Weight Unsatisfactory Developing Usually listens to others but sometimes does not pay much attention when others talk, and assumes their ideas will not work; Exemplary 10 Collects and Collects presents to the information when Collects basic, Does not collect team a great deal prodded; tries to useful information any relevant of relevant Contribution offer some ideas, related to the information; no information; offers to the team but not well research, useful suggestions well-developed project developed, and not occasionally offers to address team's and clearly clearly expressed, useful ideas to meet needs; expressed ideas to meet team's the team's needs; directly related to needs; the group's topic Performs assigned Does not perform tasks but needs assigned tasks; many reminders; often misses attends meetings Performs all Performs all tasks meetings and, regularly but assigned tasks; very effectively; when present, Taking generally does not attends meetings attends all does not have responsibility say anything regularly and meetings and anything constructive; usually participates participates constructive to sometimes expects effectively; enthusiastically; say; relies on others to others to the his/her work; work; Rarely listens to, shares with, and Working with supports the others efforts of others; often uses inappropriate language; often is not a good team member Satisfactory Generally listens to others' points of view; always uses appropriate and respectful language; tries to make a definite effort to understand others' ideas; Almost always listens to others and their ideas; helps them develop their ideas while giving them full credit Evaluator's name: Nguyễn Khánh Linh Date of evaluation: 19/06/2021 Rubrics for Teamwork (10%) Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A Page 68 Submitted by Hồ Nhựt Nam ID number: 17061411 Rubrics for Peer Evaluation (5%) Name of member: Hồ Nhựt Nam Item/ Weight Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Exemplary 10 Collects and Collects presents to the information when Collects basic, Does not collect team a great deal prodded; tries to useful information any relevant of relevant Contribution offer some ideas, related to the information; no information; offers to the team but not well research, useful suggestions well-developed project developed, and not occasionally offers to address team's and clearly clearly expressed, useful ideas to meet needs; expressed ideas to meet team's the team's needs; directly related to needs; the group's topic Performs assigned Does not perform tasks but needs assigned tasks; many reminders; often misses attends meetings Performs all Performs all tasks meetings and, regularly but assigned tasks; very effectively; when present, Taking generally does not attends meetings attends all does not have responsibility say anything regularly and meetings and anything constructive; usually participates participates constructive to sometimes expects effectively; enthusiastically; say; relies on others to others to the his/her work; work; Rarely listens to, shares with, and Working with supports the others efforts of others; often uses inappropriate language; often is not a good team member Usually listens to others but sometimes does not pay much attention when others talk, and assumes their ideas will not work; Generally listens to others' points of view; always uses appropriate and respectful language; tries to make a definite effort to understand others' ideas; Almost always listens to others and their ideas; helps them develop their ideas while giving them full credit Evaluator's name: Lương Thị Ly Date of evaluation: 19/06/2021 Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng, M.A 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