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༤ኈㄽᩥ EMPIRICAL STUDY ON INTERFIRM COOPERATION AND TRUST: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAMESE FIRMS ᖹᡂ 24㸦2012㸧ᖺ 01 ᭶ 10 ᪥ ⚄ᡞᏛᏛ㝔⤒ႠᏛ◊✲⛉ ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ ᑓᨷ ᣦᑟᩍဨ䢢 Ỉ㇂ᩥಇ Ꮫ⡠␒ྕ㸸071B402B Ặ ྡ㸸NGUYEN PHUC NGUYEN Ặ ྡ㸸NGUYEN PHUC NGUYEN i Acknowledgements I wish to express my gratitude and thanks for the support of many thoughtful, create and kind people during the completion of this dissertation First and foremost, I would like to thanks my advisor Professor Fumitoshi Mizutani, who has been not just a thesis supervisor but also a personal mentor His encouragement, intellectual and spiritual supports have helped me tremendously during the time of this thesis He has also taught me to deep research, to deliver effective presentations, and to be a confident person My experience is much better for his presence and I expect that my future works will reflect his wisdom as well I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to the members of my committee for “Daini Ronbun”: Professor Kennichi Shoji and Associate Professor Hideki Murakami, who both have provided me with thoughtful advices, valuable suggestions, and inspiration on this work Together the committee of these three faculty members has set high standards to my academic work and provided sufficient supports for my academic achievements Further, this dissertation would not have been possible without the financial support of Professor Kennichi Shoji for the survey in Vietnam I wish to express my appreciation to the Japanese government scholarship (MEXT) for providing the financial support to my study at Kobe University I would like, for once, to express my regards to officials at “Bkyomu” office of Graduate School of Business Administration for their helps and supports I am also grateful to all my friends for their love and encouragement Finally, I would like to acknowledge my family, who deserves more thanks than can ever be put into words I am indebted to my wife Hoai Thuong for love, encouragement, sacrifices, and support through the years of this undertaking Without you, this work would never have been done ii Table of Contents Chapter Title Title page Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Page i ii iii vi vii Introduction 1.1 Inter-firm relationships and inter-firm cooperation 1.1.1 Competition 1.1.2 Cooperation 1.1.3 Coopetition 1.2 Statement of the problems 1.3 Organization of the dissertation 2 3 The theory of reasoned action and inter-firm cooperation 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Theoretical background and hypotheses 2.2.1 Antecedents of cooperative intention 2.2.2 The mediator of cooperative decision 2.3 The survey, variables and model 2.3.1 Dataset 2.3.2 Variables 2.3.3 Model and estimation method 2.4 Analysis and findings 2.4.1 Main results 2.4.2 Additional discussion 2.5 Conclusions 10 10 14 15 15 16 21 22 22 29 33 Integrated view of inter-firm cooperation: An empirical study 36 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Background 3.2.1 The theory of planned behavior (TPB) 3.2.2 Technology acceptance model (TAM) 3.2.3 The commitment trust theory (KMV model) 3.3 Theoretical perspectives and hypotheses 3.3.1 Cooperative intention 3.3.2 Motivation for cooperation 3.3.3 Predisposition toward cooperation 3.3.4 Subjective norms 3.3.5 Control mechanism 3.4 Method 3.4.1 Sample and procedure 37 38 38 39 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 47 47 iii Table of Contents Chapter Title Page 3.4.2 Measures 3.4.3 Empirical model 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Comon method variance 3.5.2 Discriminant validity 3.5.3 Regression results and test of hypotheses 3.5.4 Robustness check 3.6 Discussions and limitations 3.6.1 Theoretical implications 3.6.2 Managerial implications 3.6.3 Limitation and future research 49 51 52 52 53 55 59 61 61 63 64 Building trust in inter-firm relationships 65 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theoretical brackground 4.2.1 Trust concept and definitions 4.2.2 Characteristics of trust 4.2.3 Levels of trust 4.2.4 Sources and forms of trust 4.3 Hypotheses 4.3.1 The effect of attributes on trust 4.3.2 The effect of institutions on trust 4.3.3 The effect of communication on trust 4.4 Research methods 4.4.1 Data collection 4.4.2 Measures 4.4.3 Econometric model 4.5 Empirical results 4.5.1 Common method variance 4.5.2 Confirmatory factor analysis 4.5.3 Regression analysis and hypotheses test 4.6 Discussions and conclusions 4.6.1 Discussions 4.6.2 Theoretical contributions 4.6.3 Managerial contributions 66 68 68 70 72 74 79 79 80 81 82 82 84 85 86 86 88 90 95 95 96 97 Conclusions and implications 98 5.1 Summary of results 5.2 Implications 5.2.1 Theoretical implications 5.2.2 Practical implications 5.3 Further research 98 99 99 101 102 iv Table of Contents Chapter Title Page References 103 Appendix A: The questionaire Appendix B: Definitions of variables and descriptive statistics Appendix C: The estimation method Appendix D: Constructs and measurement items in the study 116 123 124 126 v List of Figures Figure 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 Description Page Coopetition as a continuum between pure cooperative behaviors and pure competitive behaviors The integrated model for inter-firm cooperation A conceptual framework of cooperative decision: Version without broken arrow, version with broken arrow Levels of trust in inter-firm relationship Trust diagram The conceptual model of trust vi 15 41 73 79 82 List of Tables Table Description Page 2-1 Characteristics of surveyed firm 17 2-2 Probit and IVprobit regression on inter-firm cooperation 23 2-3 Robustness check for IVprobit regression 27 2-4 Pairwise correlations among variables 28 2-5 Estimation result for public sector and private sector 30 2-6 Estimation result for vertical versus horizontal cooperation 32 3-1 Factor analysis with orthogonal rotation 53 3-2 Convergent and discriminant validity in measurement model 53 3-3 Cronbach alpha and factor loadings 54 3-4 Means, standard deviations, and correlations among variables 56 3-5 IVprobit regression results 57 3-6 Robustness check for IVprobit estimation 60 4.1 Definitions and dimensions of trust 69 4.2 Levels of trust 73 4.3 Sources and forms of trust 75 4.4 Bibliographical sources for item developed 83 4.5 Rotated factor matrix for multi-item variables 87 4.6 Results from the confirmatory factor analysis 89 4.7 Discriminant validity in measurement model 91 4.8 Descriptive statistics and VIF of variables 92 4.9 Regression results 94 vii