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Toward a Model for Generational Transition of Sustainable Energy Platforms: The Greenfield vs. Brownfield Problem Paul K. Bergey North Carolina State University, USA & Geoffrey G. Parker Tulane University, USA 2 “Our goal is to build a supply chain from lignocellulose to butanol.” Tony Hayward, (former) CEO of BP A Dark Cloud Appears over Ethanol • In 2008, there were 170 ethanol plants operating in the U.S. and 24 additional plants under construction to provide a total production capacity of approximately 12.6 billion gallons per year • In 2009, the Renewable Fuels Association reported that 24 plants with a combined capacity of over 2 billion gallons per year are currently not producing and about 12 were in bankruptcy. It Has a Silver (Biobutanol) Lining • It has a higher energy density per unit volume than ethanol. • It is compatible with the existing distribution infrastructure for petroleum based fuels, and thus, can be distributed via the national pipeline network, unlike ethanol. • It is highly resistant to moisture absorption and therefore has potential as an aviation fuel • It can be burned in existing automobile engines in any blended proportion (up to 100%) • It is cleaner burning than gasoline or ethanol Butamax Advanced Biofuels LLC • “Fuel and fleet testing of biobutanol in real vehicles on real roads – covering a distance of more than 1.3 million vehicle road-miles – has confirmed the high performance advantages of this fuel blend. For example, biobutanol blended at a concentration of 16%* volume into fuels demonstrated excellent vehicle performance. A commercial fuels trial confirmed the compatibility of butanol with existing fuel infrastructure and consumer satisfaction with the product.” The Greenfield vs. Brownfield Problem Coalition Definitions Necessary Conditions for a Non-Empty Core in a 3 Player Game Characteristic Functions – 3 Players Three Player Game Solution Plane . Generational Transition of Sustainable Energy Platforms: The Greenfield vs. Brownfield Problem Paul K. Bergey North Carolina State University, USA & Geoffrey G. Parker Tulane University, USA 2 “Our