IEC 61427 1 Edition 1 0 2013 04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Secondary cells and batteries for renewable energy storage – General requirements and methods of test – Part 1 Photovoltaic[.]
® Edition 1.0 2013-04 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Secondary cells and batteries for renewable energy storage – General requirements and methods of test – Part 1: Photovoltaic off-grid application IEC 61427-1:2013 Accumulateurs pour le stockage de l'énergie renouvelable – Exigences générales et méthodes d'essais – Partie 1: Applications photovoltaïques hors réseaux Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC 61427-1 All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information Droits de reproduction réservés Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published Useful links: IEC publications search - 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Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe IEC 61427-1 61427-1 IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Conditions of use 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 General Photovoltaic energy system Secondary cells and batteries General operating conditions 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Autonomy time 4.4.3 Typical charge and discharge currents 4.4.4 Daily cycle 4.4.5 Seasonal cycle 4.4.6 Period of high state of charge 4.4.7 Period of sustained low state of charge 4.4.8 Electrolyte stratification 4.4.9 Storage 4.4.10 Operating temperature 10 4.4.11 Charge control 11 4.4.12 Physical protection 11 General requirements 11 5.1 Mechanical endurance 11 5.2 Charge efficiency 12 5.3 Deep discharge protection 12 5.4 Marking 12 5.5 Safety 12 5.6 Documentation 12 Functional characteristics 13 General test conditions 13 7.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments 13 7.2 Preparation and maintenance of test batteries 13 Test method 13 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Capacity test 13 Generic cycling endurance test 14 Charge retention test 14 Cycling endurance test in photovoltaic applications (extreme conditions) 14 8.4.1 General 14 8.4.2 Phase A: shallow cycling at low state of charge (see Table 5) 15 8.4.3 Phase B: shallow cycling at high state of charge (see Table 6) 15 8.4.4 Residual capacity determination 16 8.4.5 Test termination 16 8.4.6 Water consumption of flooded battery types and cells with partial gas recombination 16 8.4.7 Requirements 16 Recommended use of tests 17 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –2– –3– 9.1 9.2 Type test 17 Acceptance test 17 9.2.1 Factory test 17 9.2.2 Commissioning test 17 Bibliography 18 Table – Limit values for storage conditions of batteries for photovoltaic applications 10 Table – Limit values for operating conditions of batteries for photovoltaic applications 10 Table – Battery Ah-efficiency at different states of charge at the reference temperature and a daily depth of discharge of less than 20 % of the rated capacity 12 Table – Typical capacity ratings of batteries in photovoltaic applications 14 Table – Phase A – Shallow cycling at low state of charge 15 Table – Phase B – Shallow cycling at high state of charge 16 Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 61427-1 IEC:2013 61427-1 IEC:2013 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS OF TEST – Part 1: Photovoltaic off-grid application FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees) The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”) Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work International, governmental and nongovernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights International Standard IEC 61427-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21: Secondary cells and batteries This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 61427 published in 2005.This edition constitutes a technical revision This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) a restructuration of the previous edition of the document; b) a clarification of the different clauses with regard to conditions of use, general requirements, functional characteristics, general tests conditions, test method and recommended use of tests, the aim being to ensure a better understanding by the end user; c) a clear distinction between on-grid and off-grid applications for future markets needs Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –4– –5– The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 21/793/FDIS 21/802/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part A list of all parts in the IEC 61427 series, published under the general title Secondary cells and batteries for renewable energy storage – General requirements and methods of test, can be found on the IEC website The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication At this date, the publication will be • • • • reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 61427-1 IEC:2013 61427-1 IEC:2013 SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS OF TEST – Part 1: Photovoltaic off-grid application Scope This part of the IEC 61427 series gives general information relating to the requirements for the secondary batteries used in photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) and to the typical methods of test used for the verification of battery performances This part deals with cells and batteries used in photovoltaic off-grid applications NOTE The part of this series will cover cells and batteries used in “renewable energy storage in on-grid applications” This International Standard does not include specific information relating to battery sizing, method of charge or PVES design This standard is applicable to all types of secondary batteries Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies IEC 60050 (all parts), International ) Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) (available at IEC 60622, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Sealed nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable single cells IEC 60623, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable single cells IEC 60896-11, Stationary lead-acid batteries – Part 11: Vented types – General requirements and methods of test IEC 60896-21, Stationary lead-acid batteries – Part 21: Valve regulated types – Methods of test IEC 61056-1, General purpose lead-acid batteries (valve-regulated types) – Part 1: General requirements, functional characteristics – Methods of test IEC 61836, Solar photovoltaic energy systems – Terms, definitions and symbols IEC 61951-1, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Portable sealed rechargeable single cells – Part 1: Nickel-cadmium Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –6– –7– IEC 61951-2, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Portable sealed rechargeable single cells – Part 2: Nickel-metal hydride IEC 61960, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications IEC 62259, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes – Nickel-cadmium prismatic secondary single cells with partial gas recombination Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482 concerning secondary cells and batteries, and those given in IEC 61836 concerning photovoltaic generator systems apply 4.1 Conditions of use General This clause specifies the particular operating conditions experienced by secondary batteries during their use in photovoltaic applications 4.2 Photovoltaic energy system The photovoltaic energy system with secondary batteries referred to in this standard can supply a constant, variable, or intermittent energy to the connected equipment (pumps, refrigerators, lighting systems, communication systems, etc.) 4.3 Secondary cells and batteries Secondary cells and batteries mainly used in photovoltaic energy systems are of the following types: a) vented (flooded); b) valve-regulated, including those with partial gas recombination; c) gastight sealed The cells and batteries are normally delivered in the following state of charge: d) discharged and drained (vented nickel-cadmium batteries only); e) charged and filled; f) dry charged and unfilled (vented lead-acid batteries only); g) discharged and filled (nickel-cadmium batteries only) For optimum service life, the battery manufacturer’s instructions for initial charge of the battery shall be followed Other secondary cells and batteries such as based on sodium or vanadium electrochemical systems can be potentially used for such an application Due to the fact that they are in a phase of adaptation for a possible use in PV systems, it is recommended that their respective supplier be contacted for the necessary planning, test and operation details Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe 61427-1 IEC:2013 4.4 61427-1 IEC:2013 General operating conditions 4.4.1 General Batteries in a typical PV system operating under average site weather conditions may be subjected to the following conditions 4.4.2 Autonomy time The battery is designed to supply energy under specified conditions for a period of time, typically from days to 15 days without solar irradiation When selecting the required battery capacity, the following items should be considered, e.g.: • required daily/seasonal cycle (there may be restrictions on the maximum depth of discharge); • time required to access the site; • ageing; • operating temperature; • future expansion of the load 4.4.3 Typical charge and discharge currents The typical charge and discharge currents are the following: – (A) – maximum charge current: I 20 average charge current: I 50 – average discharge current as determined by the load: I 120 (A) (A) Depending on the system design, the charge and the discharge current may vary in a wider range In some systems the load current must be supplied at the same time as the battery charging current NOTE The following abbreviations are used: • C rt is the rated capacity declared by the manufacturer in ampere-hours (Ah) • t is the time base in hours (h) for which the rated capacity is declared • I rt = C rt / t For Nickel Cadmium, Nickel Metal Hydride and Lithium battery systems • I rt = C rt /1h in this document corresponds to I t = C /1h 4.4.4 Daily cycle The battery is normally exposed to a daily cycle as follows: a) charging during daylight hours; b) discharging during night-time hours A typical daily usage results in a discharge between % to 20 % of the battery capacity 4.4.5 Seasonal cycle The battery may be exposed to a seasonal cycle of its state of charge This arises from varying average-charging conditions as follows: Copyrighted material licensed to BR Demo by Thomson Reuters (Scientific), Inc., subscriptions.techstreet.com, downloaded on Nov-27-2014 by James Madison No further reproduction or distribution is permitted Uncontrolled when printe –8–