Ag92 c9~1

141 with the first years of the 2000s In addition, the water productivity gap between Vietnam, China, and Thailand will be eliminated due to the improvements in cultivation and irrigation (Vietnam Dev[.]

141 with the first years of the 2000s In addition, the water productivity gap between Vietnam, China, and Thailand will be eliminated due to the improvements in cultivation and irrigation (Vietnam Development Report, 2016) Vietnam is also expected to be a net exporter of processed food and commodities, thus doubling exports by 2030 Employment will reduce due to the higher requirement of skilled labour force compared to the energy-oriented scenario Energy-food-water security This scenario anticipates the improvement in labour productivity as mentioned in the Government’s Industrial Plan toward 2030 (Government Portal, 2012)) and the export of value-added products by changes in the processed-food industry Moreover, food production and the efficiency of harvesting will increase and assure a sufficient supply of food for the production processes The surplus value of exported food products will be destined for agricultural irrigation to improve water productivity As a result, more than 50% of Vietnam agri-food exports will compose of processed and other high value-added products, which would be as twice the current proportion (Government Portal, 2012) According to Government’s Industrial Plan toward 2030, the introduction of advanced technologies, which will reduce labour requirements in agriculture, will boost agricultural production by 2020 This scenario assumes that mechanisation and changes in technologies will increase the production of principal crops such as paddy, sugarcane, taro, and nuts by 14.2% by 2030 To increase food production, the ratio of applying mechanization will increase from 92% in 2015 to 95% in 2030 for the plough Meanwhile, for the harvest, this ratio will increase from 42% in 2015 to 80% in 2030 These goals will be achieved by significantly increasing the number of tractors and farm-harvesters Further, the value of agricultural products is assumed to increase due to a significant reduction in the use of natural resources, human capital, and harmful intermediate inputs At present, most of Vietnam’s agricultural trade involves raw commodities, typically sold at lower prices than leading competitors due to lower quality or other reasons To enhance the competitiveness of Vietnam’s products, the country needs to increase the processed food ratio by 9% per annum, as pointed out by the Vietnamese Government Plan No 880 This approach relies on future changes in technologies for food-processing