BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 BSI Standards Publication Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of social performance of buildings — Calculation methodology BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 It supersedes BS EN 16309:2014, which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/558, Sustainability of construction works A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 580 86756 ICS 91.040.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected 30 September 2014 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2014 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 16309:2014+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM August 2014 ICS 91.040.01 Supersedes EN 16309:2014 English Version Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of social performance of buildings - Calculation methodology Contribution des ouvrages de construction au développement durable - Évaluation de la performance sociale des bâtiments - Méthodes Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken - Bewertung der sozialen Qualität von Gebäuden - Berechnungsmethoden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 November 2013 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on 22 July 2014 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 E BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Contents Page Foreword Introduction Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Purpose of the assessment of social performance of buildings 13 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 Specification of the object of assessment 15 General 15 Functional equivalent 15 Reference study period 16 System boundaries 16 Building model 16 Purpose and information needed 16 Description of the characteristics of the object of assessment 17 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 Scenarios 17 General 17 Requirements for scenarios 17 General 17 Climate conditions 18 Rules for specification of scenario per information module 18 General 18 Rules for specifying the scenario for use stage (information module B1) 18 Rules for specifying scenarios for maintenance, repair, replacement and refurbishment (information modules B2, B3, B4 and B5) 19 Rules for specifying the scenario for operational energy use (information module B6) 21 Rules for specifying the scenario for the operational water use (information module B7) 21 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.3 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.4.5 7.4.6 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.5.5 Methods for assessment of social performance 21 General methodological approach 21 General 21 Lifecycle stages - life cycle modules 22 Accessibility 26 General 26 Accessibility to building facilities 26 Access to building services 27 Adaptability 27 Health and comfort 28 General 28 Thermal characteristics 28 Characteristics of indoor air quality 29 Acoustic characteristics 31 Characteristics of visual comfort 32 Spatial characteristics 34 Impacts on the neighbourhood 34 General 34 Noise 34 Emissions to outdoors 35 Glare/Overshadowing 35 Shocks/vibrations 35 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) 7.6 7.7 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.7.5 Maintenance and maintainability 36 Safety and security 36 General 36 Resistance to consequences of climate change 37 Accidental actions 39 Personal safety and security against intruders and vandalism 41 Security against interruptions of utility supply 42 8.1 8.2 Data for the assessment 42 General 42 Data quality and demands for completeness 42 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Reporting and communication 42 General 42 General information on the assessment 43 General information on the object of assessment 43 Statement of boundaries and scenarios used in the assessment 44 Data sources 44 List of aspects used for assessment and expression of results 44 10 Verification of results 44 Annex A (normative) Assessment procedure 45 A.1 Introduction 45 A.2 Assessment table for the information module “B1 - use” 47 A.3 Assessment table “Influence Allocation” 49 A.4 Assessment tables for the information modules B2 to B7 51 Annex B (informative) Building characteristics used in an assessment 54 Annex C (informative) Sourcing of materials and services 56 C.1 General 56 C.2 Sourcing of materials 56 C.3 Sourcing of services 57 Bibliography 58 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Foreword This document (EN 16309:2014+A1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 350 “Sustainability of construction works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2015 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document includes Amendment approved by CEN on 22 July 2014 This document supersedes EN 16309:2014 The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !" According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Introduction The purpose of this European Standard is to provide rules for the assessment of the social performance of new and existing buildings The social performance of a building is one aspect of the building's sustainability The environmental performance and economic performance of a building are the other aspects of sustainability that should be assessed as part of a sustainability assessment of the building Figure illustrates how the assessment of the social performance fits within the concept of the sustainability assessment of a building Figure — Concept of sustainability assessment of buildings This European Standard is intended to support the decision making process and documentation of the assessment of the social performance of a building In this European Standard, the method of assessment of the social performance of a building is based on a life cycle approach The general requirements for sustainability assessment of buildings are described in EN 15643-1 (the General Framework standard) The framework for the assessment of social performance is given in EN 15643-3 Figure shows other standards developed by CEN/TC 350 in this area, and also how they are related to this standard The assessment of social performance differs from the assessment of economic and ecological aspects in that it requires both quantitative and descriptive approaches Where methods leading to a quantitative result are not available for assessment criteria and indicators, a checklist-approach is adopted to make the descriptive approach quantifiable BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) NOTE The grey boxes represent the work programme as presented in EN 15643-1 Figure — Work programme of CEN/TC 350 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Scope This European Standard is one part of a suite of European Standards The standard provides the specific methods and requirements for the assessment of social performance of a building while taking into account the building’s functionality and technical characteristics This European Standard applies to all types of buildings, both new and existing In this first version of the standard, the social dimension of sustainability concentrates on the assessment of aspects and impacts for the use stage of a building expressed using the following social performance categories (from EN 15643-3): — accessibility; — adaptability; — health and comfort; — impacts on the neighbourhood; — maintenance; — safety and security NOTE Only impacts and aspects of the above social performance categories are deemed to have an agreed basis for European standardization at this time Two of the social performance categories included in EN 15643–3 (sourcing of materials and services and stakeholder involvement) are not deemed to be ready for standardization at this time and will be considered for inclusion in future versions of this standard (see informative Annex C) This standard does not set the rules for how building assessment schemes may provide valuation methods Nor does it prescribe levels, classes or benchmarks of performance Valuation methods, levels, classes or benchmarks may be prescribed in the requirements for environmental, social and economic performance in the client’s brief, building regulations, national standards, national codes of practice, building assessment and certification schemes, etc NOTE Where National building regulations give minimum requirements and reference to assessment methods on these aspects, the social performance determined by assessment according to this standard can be used to determine the degree to which the building goes beyond the regulatory/legal requirements The corporate social responsibility (CSR) of organizations is not covered by this standard The standard gives requirements for: — the description of the object of assessment; — the system boundary that applies at the building level; — the list of indicators and procedures for the application of these indicators; — the presentation of the results in reporting and communication; — the data necessary for the application of the standard, and — verification BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 1027, Windows and doors — Watertightness — Test method EN 12208, Windows and doors — Watertightness — Classification EN 12354-1, Building Acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements — Part 1: Airborne sound insulation between rooms !EN 12354-2, Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements — Part 2: Impact sound insulation between rooms EN 12354-3, Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements — Part 3: Airborne sound insulation against outdoor sound EN 12354-5, Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of building from the performance of elements — Part 5: Sounds levels due to the service equipment EN 12354-6, Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements — Part 6: Sound absorption in enclosed spaces" EN 12464-1:2011, Light and lighting — Lighting of work places — Part 1: Indoor work places EN 12865, Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements — Determination of the resistance of external wall systems to driving rain under pulsating air pressure EN 15251, Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics EN 15643-3, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of buildings — Part 3: Framework for the assessment of social performance CEN/TS 16516, Construction products — Assessment of release of dangerous substances — Determination of emissions into indoor air !EN ISO 717-1, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (ISO 717-1) EN ISO 717-2, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 2: Impact sound insulation (ISO 717-2) EN ISO 3382-2, Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms (ISO 3382-2) EN ISO 3382-3, Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 3: Open plan offices (ISO 33823) EN ISO 10140-2, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements — Part 2: Measurement of airborne sound insulation (ISO 10140-2) EN ISO 10140-3, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements — Part 3: Measurement of impact sound insulation (ISO 10140-3)" BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Figure A.2 — Example: Assessment table for the information module B1 - Use 48 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) A.3 Assessment table “Influence Allocation” In the assessment table for the information module B1 (Figure A.2), the use scenario and the provisions/measures were defined The next step in the assessment is identifying whether the measures pertaining to the social performance during use (in the information module B1) are influenced by the information modules B2 - B7;in the heading of Table A.2, specify in the respective column for B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 and/or B7 (column 5-10), whether the information module (B2-B7) is assessed: “YES” or “MNA” (Module Not Assessed) If an indicator is declared as INA in one information module it shall be declared as INA for all the information modules where the indicator is relevant Then the information of Column “e” is copied into column “4” of Table A.2 If the aspect is indicated as “not relevant” for the object of assessment, “NR” is specified in the respective cell for the information modules (B2-B7) Where the aspect is relevant, decide whether the aspect indicator is influenced by modules B2 to B7 If there is an influence then this is indicated by putting a cross (“X”) in the respective column for B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 and/or B7 10 Operative energy use Operative water use InfluenceAllocation Refurbishment Replacement Repair Maintenance Table A.2 — Tabulated presentation for the assessment of “Influence-Allocation” Provision/measure/activity aspect/indicator nr aspect according to clause Indicator indicator clause description Provisions measure/activity as specified in the Assessment table for the information module B1- use as described in Table Column “e” YES or MNA (Module Not Assessed) ➔ copy specification of Column “e” of Table A.1 (give value for indicator or briefly specify measures taken to achieve the stated performance) description clause indicator copy specification of Column “e” of Table A.1 49 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Figure A.3 — Example: assessment Table Influence Allocation 50 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) A.4 Assessment tables for the information modules B2 to B7 Following on from the ‘influence allocation’, the indicators to be assessed in each information module (B2-B7) are transposed from Table A.2 (Figure A.3) into individual tables for each separate information module B2- B7 to complete the assessment (see Figure A.4) If an entire information module is not assessed the respective table is marked by “MNA” (Module Not Assessed) The following steps are used to complete each Table (i.e the information modules B2 – B7): a) Step 1: the scenario(s) for the measures and activities in each information module are entered into the heading of the respective Table (see Table A.3) For example in the information module “B2 - maintenance” it is specified what maintenance activities on the building exterior and interior of the build asset and on the building related installations and equipment are carried out, their frequency, resources used for the maintenance, etc The overall scenario in the heading should not specify the detailed scenarios per aspect indicator; this is done, as described below, per line for the aspect indicator b) Step 2: to maintain consistency and transparency, the following information is transposed from the respective table for the information module B1 and the ‘Influence Allocation’ Table A.2 into the tables for the information modules B2 – B7: 1) Into the column “Aspect/indicator”: The declaration on the existence of an influence for the respective information module (B2, B3, , B7) by transposing (from Table A.2; Example Figure A.3) a “X” (=YES = influenced by), “NO” (has No influence), “NR” (No influence of any significant relevance) or “INA” (Indicator not assessed) for each line respectively NOTE 2) In case of a “NO”, “NR” or “INA” the rest of the line remains blank and no assessment is necessary Into Column “1”: The information describing “provisions/measures” per aspect/indicator, and the respective lines of the assessment from the table for the information module B1- Use NOTE As before: if there are no related “provisions/measures” listed for a particular aspect or indicator in the information module B1 then the rest of the line remains blank and no assessment is necessary 3) Into Column 2: The description of the specific scenario per assessment line, followed by the social aspect of the measures defined in the scenarios are written NOTE Example1: for module B6 - operational energy use Aspect 7.4.2.1 Building-fabric related aspects of thermal characteristics - operative temperature (radiant temperature of surfaces, air temperature and its distribution), the specific and detailed scenario (in Column 2) would specify information on the special provisions that were taken in the design in order to minimize noise and vibrations generated by the boiler in the heating room that is positioned adjacent to sleeping rooms The heating room is acoustically isolated from the rest of the building c) Step 3: in Column “3” for each assessment line, the social performance for the respective indicator shall be described NOTE Example - related to the above given example: due to the technical solutions and provision there is high comfort level as noise and vibrations generated by the heating system are/will be not at all perceptible in the adjacent sleeping rooms of the object of assessment Without any value judgement on this performance to be made this kind of information in the overall assessment needs to be positioned against a possible increased environmental and cost impact for the object of assessment 51 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Table A.3 — Tabulated presentation of the assessment of the information modules B2 to B7 Specification of scenarios for the activities/measures of the information module ➔ Describe the scenario for the information module Module title: Influence = “ YES”, “NO” or “NR” or “INA” Indicator description Indicator nr # Aspect/ Module: indicator (Modules B2B7) 52 [copy what is specified in “influence allocation” (Table A.2) from the respective columns B2 to B7:] Measure/activitycontrol [as specified in B1USE; copy from Table A.2] SCENARIO in Impact in module module [specify what related to the provision/measure/ (SOCIAL) impacts the scenario has for activity the use and/or for the see 6.3 user of the building]” BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Figure A.4 — Example: Assessment table for the information modules B2 to B7 53 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Annex B (informative) Building characteristics used in an assessment The following is a list of examples of building characteristics for the building model (see 5.5): a) the intended use of the building; b) the estimated service life; c) other features; d) e) f) 54 1) the comfort level; 2) privacy; 3) security; 4) accessibility of technical equipment; the shape and size of the building; 1) number of storeys; 2) shape; 3) orientation; 4) the storey height, and overall dimensions (e.g gross floor area); arrangement, type and size of: 1) windows; 2) internal walls (load bearing and non-load bearing); 3) doors and staircase(s); 4) floors; 5) ceilings; 6) kitchen and sanitary facilities; 7) meeting and seating accommodation in common spaces; the technical systems; 1) sanitary systems (water, waste water, piping, pump and fixed equipment); 2) fixed fire-fighting systems; 3) heating and hot water systems; BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) 4) mechanical ventilation and air conditioning; 5) fixed lighting systems; 6) communication and security systems; 7) transportation inside the building (lifts, escalators,) and their size; 8) external lighting; 9) external parking; 10) on-site drainage and water treatment systems 55 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Annex C (informative) Sourcing of materials and services C.1 General The social performance category sourcing of materials and services aims to use information relating to the building as a whole, including all relevant information related to design, construction products, processes (including all stages and processes of waste processing) and services for all stages of the lifecycle For the assessment of sourcing of materials and services the following aspects should be assessed: — sourcing and traceability of materials, see C.2; — sourcing and traceability of services, see C.3 This may be demonstrated by third party certification schemes which meet the scope and issues defined, where they exist at a national/international level or through relevant information supplied by the manufacturer/supplier C.2 Sourcing of materials For the assessment of sourcing of materials the following may be assessed: a) b) legal evidence of the materials` production: 1) documented raw material origin (licence and/or certification) from the point of extraction or harvest of the raw materials including processing and transport (trade routes); 2) documented product installation and process authorization (licences); safety performance from start to finish of the material production: 1) c) d) evidence of compliance with social responsibilities e.g ILO conventions, ISO 26000 related to the human resources: 1) documented evidence of the legal situation of own employees and subcontracted personnel; 2) documented social conditions applying to the workplace; traceability: 1) e) 56 documented management procedures ensuring the traceability of materials supplied and respective characteristics; quality management/control: 1) f) documented implementation of occupational health and safety management systems (e.g according to BS OHSAS 18001 or equivalent); documented implementation of quality management systems (e.g according to EN ISO 9001 or equivalent) and factory production control; environmental management/control: BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) 1) documented implementation of environmental management systems (e.g according to EN ISO 14001 or equivalent) C.3 Sourcing of services For the assessment of sourcing of services the following may be assessed: a) documented evidence of the licence to provide the services applying to the workforce; b) documented subcontracting (when relevant); c) safety performance from start to finish of the service supplied: 1) d) e) evidence of compliance with social responsibilities e.g ILO conventions, ISO 26000 related to the human resources: 1) documented evidence of the legal situation of own employees and subcontracted personnel; 2) documented social conditions of the workplace and transportation to and from work as well as accommodation of workers; traceability: 1) f) documented management procedures ensuring the traceability of the services supplied; quality management/control: 1) g) documented implementation of health and management systems (e.g according to BS OHSAS 18001 or equivalent); documented implementation of quality management systems (e.g according to EN ISO 9001 or equivalent) and factory production control; environmental management/control: 1) documented implementation of environmental management systems (e.g according to EN ISO 14001 or equivalent) 57 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests [2] EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 2: Classification using data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services [3] EN 13501-3, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 3: Classification using data from fire resistance tests on products and elements used in building service installations: fire resisting ducts and fire dampers [4] EN 13501-4, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 4: Classification using data from fire resistance tests on components of smoke control systems [5] EN 13501-5, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 5: Classification using data from external fire exposure to roofs tests [6] EN 15603, Energy performance of buildings — Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings [7] EN 15643-1:2010, Sustainability of construction works — Sustainability assessment of buildings — Part 1: General framework [8] EN 15643-2, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of buildings — Part 2: Framework for the assessment of environmental performance [9] EN 15643-4, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of buildings — Part 4: Framework for the assessment of economic performance [10] EN 15804:2012, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products [11] CEN/TR 15941, Sustainability of construction Methodology for selection and use of generic data [12] EN 15942, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Communication format business-to-business [13] EN 15978:2011, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of environmental performance of buildings — Calculation method [14] prEN 16627, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of economic performance of buildings — Calculation method works — Environmental product declarations — !deleted text" [15] EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements (ISO 9001) [16] EN ISO 14001, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use (ISO 14001) [17] EN ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006) [18] ISO 6707-1:2004, Building and civil engineering — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms [19] ISO 15392:2008, Sustainability in building construction — General principles 58 BS EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 EN 16309:2014+A1:2014 (E) [20] ISO 15686-10:2010, Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Part 10: When to assess functional performance [21] ISO 21929-1, Sustainability in building construction — Sustainability indicators — Part 1: Framework for the development of indicators and a core set of indicators for buildings [22] ISO 21931-1:2010, Sustainability in building construction — Framework for methods of assessment of the environmental performance of construction works — Part 1: Buildings [23] ISO 26000, Guidance on social responsibility [24] SECURED BY DESIGN PRINCIPLES ACPO CPI, June 2004 www.securedbydesign.com [25] SIEQ, The Stockholm Indoor Environment Questionnaire A sociological based tool for assessment of indoor environment and health in dwellings, 2003 [26] Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings [27] BS OHSAS 18001, Occupational health and safety management systems Requirements 59 This page deliberately set blank This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, 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