BRITISH STANDARD Aircraft ground support equipment — Specific requirements — Part 7 Air craft movement equipment ICS 49 100 �� ������ ���� � ��� ���������� ������ �� ��������� �� ������ �� �� BS EN 12[.]
BRITISH STANDARD Aircraft ground support equipment — Specific requirements — Part 7: Air-craft movement equipment ICS 49.100 BS EN 12312-7:2005 +A1:2009 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 It supersedes BS EN 12312-7:2005, which is withdrawn The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by ab The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/57, Air cargo and ground support equipment A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 February 2006 © BSI 2009 ISBN 978 580 61075 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12312-7:2005+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2009 ICS 49.100 Supersedes EN 12312-7:2005 English Version Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 7: Air-craft movement equipment Matériel au sol pour aéronefs Exigences particulières Partie 7: Matériels de déplacement des aéronefs Luftfahrt Bodengeräte Besondere Anforderungen Teil 7: Luftfahrzeug Schleppgerät This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 June 2005 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on March 2009 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up to date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 12312 7:2005+A1:2009: E BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction 4 Scope 5 Normative references 6 Terms and definitions 6 List of hazards 7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Safety requirements and/or measures 7 General requirements 7 Steering devices 8 Brakes 8 Operating speeds 8 Lights and reflectors 9 Aircraft related requirements 9 Ramp integrated systems 10 Fire protection 10 Attachment devices 10 6.1 6.2 6.3 Information for use 11 Marking 11 Additional marking 11 Instructions 11 Verification of requirements 12 Annex A (normative) Minimum space envelope for seated operator enclosure 13 Annex B (normative) List of hazards in addition to those of EN 1915-1 15 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC 17 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC" 18 Bibliography 19 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Foreword This document (EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 274 "Aircraft ground support equipment" the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009 This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-03-01 This document supersedes EN 12312-7:2005 The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s) !For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document." The Parts of EN 12312 — Aircraft ground support equipment — Specific requirements — are: Part 1: Part 2: Part 3: Part 4: Part 5: Part 6: Part 7: Part 8: Part 9: Part 10: Part 11: Part 12: Part 13: Part 14: Part 15: Part 16: Part 17: Part 18: Part 19: Part 20: Passenger stairs Catering vehicles Conveyor belt vehicles Passenger boarding bridges Air-craft fuelling equipment Deicers and deicing/antiicing equipment Aircraft movement equipment Maintenance stairs and platforms Container/Pallet loaders Container/Pallet transfer transporters Container/Pallet dollies and loose load trailers Potable water service equipment Lavatory service equipment Disabled/Incapacitated passenger boarding equipment Baggage and equipment tractors Air start equipment Air conditioning equipment Nitrogen or Oxygen units Aircraft jacks, axle jacks and hydraulic tail stanchions Ground power equipment According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Introduction This European Standard specifies health and safety requirements, as well as some functional and performance requirements for aircraft movement equipment intended for use on all aircraft types commonly in service in civil air transport The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe, serviceable, economical and practical aircraft movement equipment Deviations from the recommended criteria should occur only after careful consideration, extensive testing, risk assessment and thorough service evaluation have shown alternative methods or conditions to be satisfactory This European Standard is a Type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100 NOTE Designers of towbarless tractors should take into accounts the requirements of SAE published documents (see Bibliography) The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard When provisions of this type C standard differ from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies the technical requirements to minimise the hazards listed in Clause which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of aircraft movement equipment when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorised representative It also takes into account some performance requirements recognised as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and handling agencies This European Standard applies to: ⎯ aircraft tractors with driver accommodation; ⎯ pedestrian controlled aircraft movement equipment; ⎯ moveable parts of ramp integrated systems; ⎯ attachment bars, used for all operations, utilizing aircraft movement equipment, e.g.: ⎯ push back; ⎯ maintenance towing; ⎯ dispatch towing (operational towing) This European Standard does not apply to: ⎯ ground power installations on aircraft tractors; ⎯ fixed ramp installations of ramp integrated systems (fixed track); ⎯ special towing equipment (e.g for recovery) This European Standard does not establish requirements for noise and vibration Noise and vibration are dealt with respectively in EN 1915-4 and EN 1915-3 This European Standard does not deal with hazards in respect to a standard automotive chassis and from other vehicles on the apron This Part of EN 12312 is not applicable to aircraft movement equipment which is manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN !This part of EN 12312 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 (for vehicles) and EN 1915-4." BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 1005-2, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment EN 1175-1, Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical requirements — Part 1: General requirements for battery powered trucks EN 1837, Safety of machinery — Integral lighting of machines EN 1915-1:2001, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 1: Basic safety requirements EN 1915-2, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 2: Stability and strength requirements, calculations and test methods !EN 1915-3, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 3: Vibration measurement methods and reduction EN 1915-4, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 4: Noise measurement methods and reduction" EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1915-1:2001, EN ISO 12100:2003 and the following apply 3.1 aircraft tractor mobile machinery specially developed and designed for aircraft movement operations 3.2 towbar tractor aircraft tractor which needs a supplementary apparatus for aircraft movement operations 3.3 towbarless tractor aircraft tractor which can carry out aircraft movement operations without the aid of any supplementary apparatus 3.4 nose landing gear operation operation where a tractor or movement device is connected to the nose landing gear of the aircraft in order to move the aircraft Aircraft and tractor are forming a manoeuvrable unit 3.5 main landing gear operation operation where a tractor is connected to the main landing gear of the aircraft in order to move the aircraft Steering of the aircraft is performed by the nose landing gear 3.6 ramp integrated system system for aircraft movement which has a remotely controlled carriage to which the nose landing gear of the aircraft is locked during the movement and which rides on fixed tracks embedded in the ramp pavement BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) 3.7 attachment device apparatus for aircraft movement operations by hand or tractor, e.g towbar, steering bar 3.8 towbar device coupled between towbar tractor and towing lug of the nose landing gear 3.9 steering bar device coupled to the nose landing gear used for steering the aircraft externally during movement 3.10 push back moving of an aircraft from the parking position at the terminal, e.g to the taxiway A push back basically consists of a rear movement of the aircraft after which a short forward movement can be performed, e.g for alignment 3.11 maintenance towing moving of an aircraft for maintenance purposes, e.g between the terminal and a maintenance hangar Maintenance towing is characterized by: ⎯ unladen aircraft with or without fuel; ⎯ engines of the aircraft are out of operation 3.12 dispatch towing (operational towing) moving of a loaded revenue aircraft between the terminal and a remote location Dispatch towing is characterized by: ⎯ loaded revenue aircraft; ⎯ engines of the aircraft are not operating during the main part of the towing List of hazards The list of risks and hazards (see Annex B) is based on EN 1050 and contains the hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for aircraft movement equipment and which require action to eliminate or reduce risks Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 !Aircraft movement equipment shall conform to the relevant requirements of EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 and EN 1915-4 unless otherwise specified in this standard." It shall also conform to the specific requirements of this European Standard 5.1.2 Stability and strength calculations shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1915-2 5.1.3 Where a driver’s cabin is provided, it shall meet the requirements of Annex A 5.1.4 Tractors with driver’s cabin shall have an alternative means of exit for the driver in the event of an emergency It shall be positioned as far as possible away from the normal exit 5.1.5 Restraint systems shall be fitted to all seats on tractors with driver accommodation, a lap type seatbelt as a minimum BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) 5.1.6 A tractor shall be capable of being equipped with a communication system, where there is a need for communication from the operator’s position to the cockpit or between operating positions (see Clause of EN 1915-1:2001 — negotiation) 5.1.7 The body of aircraft tractors shall be designed to facilitate easy access for the removal of wheels and tyres by using suitable lifting equipment 5.1.8 Where an aircraft tractor is provided with a tow-hitch lift, this shall be secured against unintended movements, e.g by a positive mechanical locking pin 5.1.9 Structural parts of pedestrian controlled aircraft movement equipment shall not obstruct the operating range of the tiller 5.1.10 The electrical system of battery powered aircraft movement equipment shall conform to EN 1175-1 with the exception of standard automotive chassis 5.1.11 Safety related parts of control systems shall be designed in accordance with EN 1915-1:2001, 5.25.1 5.2 Steering devices 5.2.1 Tractors designed with more than one steering mode shall be equipped with an interlock to prevent mode change unless all wheels are in the straight ahead position and unless travelling speed is km/h or less The steering mode chosen shall be clearly indicated to the operator in the driving position 5.2.2 Hydraulic steering systems shall be capable of ensuring that the steering supply is given priority over any other hydraulic equipment supplied by the same power source 5.2.3 Where electronic steering controls are used, it shall be ensured that the operator is provided with an indication of any failure which adversely affects the performance of the steering system 5.3 Brakes 5.3.1 The service brake of aircraft tractors shall be capable of stopping the tractor when travelling at its maximum operational speed with a minimum braking ratio of 35 % 5.3.2 The service brake shall stop the tractor and aircraft combination on a level, horizontal, clean and dry con2 crete floor travelling at its maximum operational towing speed with a minimum deceleration of 0,5 m/s 5.3.3 The brake force distribution shall be such that the tractor and aircraft combination decelerates in a stable condition whilst travelling in a straight line 5.3.4 Aircraft tractors shall be provided with a secondary brake which in the event of failure of the service brake system shall be able to stop the tractor travelling at maximum operating speed with a minimum braking ratio of 20 % 5.3.5 The secondary brake can be an integral part of the service brake or if mechanically applied, it can be combined with the parking brake Where combined with the parking brake it shall also conform to 5.3.6 and 5.3.7 5.3.6 Aircraft tractors shall be equipped with a parking brake that secures the tractor itself against rolling away with a braking ratio of at least 18 % 5.3.7 Where simultaneous actuation of both service and parking brake can result in an overload of the aircraft nose landing gear, this shall be prevented by the design of the braking systems, except in the event of a recordable emergency braking procedure, which is to be followed by a nose landing gear inspection 5.4 Operating speeds 5.4.1 Aircraft tractors shall be designed so that the travelling speed of the tractor or the tractor and aircraft combination does not exceed 32 km/h 5.4.2 The raising and lowering speed of liftable driver’s cabins shall not exceed 0,2 m/s BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) 5.5 Lights and reflectors 5.5.1 Aircraft tractors designed to be used for two driving directions shall have full lighting equipment according to EN 1915-1:2001, 5.10, at both ends The respective lights shall be automatically activated when the driving direction is selected 5.5.2 Aircraft tractors shall be provided with lights to illuminate the coupling areas Their design shall conform to EN 1837 The minimum electrical power of the lamp shall be 25 W 5.5.3 Interior illumination of operator’s cabins shall be sufficient to read instructions 5.5.4 Aircraft tractors shall have warning beacons fitted at positions where they are clearly visible from all sides and where they not affect the operator’s view Aircraft tractors with driver accommodation positioned at either end shall have at least two warning beacons 5.5.5 Towbars and steering bars shall have two amber side reflectors on each side, fitted near the coupling ends in accordance with EN 1915-1:2001, 5.10.2 5.5.6 Towbars and steering bars with a length of more than 2,5 m shall have additional amber side reflectors, fitted in central position in accordance with EN 1915-1:2001, 5.10.2 5.6 Aircraft related requirements 5.6.1 Forces occurring during intended use of aircraft movement equipment shall remain within the limits as specified for each aircraft NOTE Overload protection can be achieved by means of a movement equipment integrated system or overload protection devices like shear pins NOTE ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ ⎯ Forces occurring during movement are e.g.: acceleration and deceleration forces; forces from braking; towing forces, when towing is attempted while the aircraft brakes are applied or wheel chocks are in place; torsional forces; loads induced due to "raking" 5.6.2 Tractors shall facilitate smooth and controlled acceleration and deceleration Pick-up and release systems, where applicable, shall facilitate a smooth and controlled operation to minimise the loads on the aircraft landing gear during the pick-up and release sequence 5.6.3 The aircraft pick-up point (e.g wheels, towbar attachment point) shall be designed in such a way that unintended disengagement of the aircraft from the aircraft holding device of the movement equipment is prevented by positive mechanical locking, e.g a latch 5.6.4 The geometry of the aircraft holding device shall be designed to prevent interference with the aircraft 5.6.5 The connection between the aircraft holding device of the movement equipment and the aircraft shall be sufficient to transmit all forces occurring during intended operating conditions 5.6.6 On towbarless tractors, the drive shall be automatically inhibited until the coupling procedure is completed and visually indicated 5.6.7 Malfunction of the retaining system of towbarless tractors shall be indicated by audible and visual warning signals 5.6.8 In case of failure of the coupling system of towbarless tractors it shall be possible to release the aircraft landing gear manually or by an emergency system BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) 5.7 5.7.1 Ramp integrated systems Preventive measures against aircraft overload shall conform to 5.6.1 and 5.6.2 5.7.2 The design of the aircraft movement connection shall conform to 5.6.3 and shall not create any crushing and shearing hazard in relation to fixed installations, e.g by guards, adequate safety distances 5.7.3 5.6.8 The system shall be equipped with monitoring and emergency devices conforming to 5.6.6, 5.6.7 and 5.7.4 The aircraft movement device shall be equipped with a safety system which stops the movement of the device in the event of contact with a mechanical obstacle or a human body to its outer surface The safety system is not required if the control device actuators for the movement are designed so that when they have been released, the movement initiated automatically comes to a stop 5.8 Fire protection 5.8.1 Space shall be provided on tractors for at least one kg fire extinguisher easily accessible to the operator 5.8.2 Fuel tanks shall be protected from external damage and against corrosive effects 5.8.3 Where fuel tanks are made of polymer material, they shall conform to the applicable regulations for commercial vehicles NOTE ECE R34, Annex 5, deals with tanks made from polymer material 5.8.4 Fuel tanks shall be installed and located so that any fuel overflow during filling or any leakage from the tank, fuel pipes or fittings will not impinge on the engine, exhaust pipe, electrical system or other ignition sources or enter the driver’s accommodation 5.9 Attachment devices 5.9.1 Towbars shall be designed to withstand and transmit pull/push and turning forces, as specified by the airframe manufacturer, when connected to either the front or rear towing attachment of the nose landing gear 5.9.2 Towbars shall incorporate a protective device or other devices to avoid aircraft overload according to 5.6.1 5.9.3 Towbar body or head holding section shall have a safe working limit not above 150 % of the overload protective device according to 5.6.1 5.9.4 The towbar head shall be designed to allow safe and easy coupling by one person to and from both the aircraft nose landing gear towbar attachment fittings and the aircraft tractor 5.9.5 The towbar attachment fitting and clearances shall be in accordance with the airframe manufacturer’s specifications 5.9.6 Full disengagement of the towbar head after shear pin breakage shall be prevented by design or additional means 5.9.7 Towbars shall be equipped with a wheeled undercarriage to support the towbar while being moved The design of the undercarriage shall allow safe towing of the towbar with a maximum speed of 25 km/h The width of the undercarriage shall be sufficient to provide stability during free towing 5.9.8 The position of the undercarriage along the length of the towbar shall be such that the handling force needed by one operator does not exceed 250 N (see EN 1005-2) 5.9.9 The undercarriage shall be designed to provide vertical adjustment while coupling the towbar head and eye, e.g by hydraulic hand pump 10 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) 5.9.10 Handles for manual lifting and coupling shall be provided at both ends of the towbar either on both sides or on top 5.9.11 Protective bumpers shall be fixed on both ends of the towbar to prevent the towbar head or eye from making contact with the ground The clearance between towbar end and the ground shall be at least 120 mm 5.9.12 Handles shall be designed and located to reduce the danger of crushing at the connection points 5.9.13 Steering bars shall be designed in accordance with the appropriate requirements of 5.9.1 to 5.9.12 6.1 Information for use Marking Permanent marking of data shall consist of metal plates fixed with rivets or welded to the structure 6.2 Additional marking In addition to the name-plate, the following shall be marked: ⎯ type of aircraft and/or pulling force; ⎯ axle loads (unladen for towbarless tractors); ⎯ instruction for the release of the coupling system of towbarless tractors; ⎯ tyre pressure(s) 6.3 Instructions Operating and maintenance instructions shall be supplied with each aircraft movement equipment They shall generally meet the requirements in 6.2 of EN 1915-1:2001 In addition, the operating and maintenance instructions shall contain, depending on type and design of the aircraft movement equipment, information about: ⎯ general use of the movement equipment; ⎯ safe driving of tractors; ⎯ controls including remote control; ⎯ types of aircraft and/or masses to be handled; ⎯ different procedures of pulling/pushing; ⎯ coupling/uncoupling of aircraft; ⎯ operation of the aircraft holding device on towbarless tractors; ⎯ optional equipment, e.g liftable cabin, tow hitch lift; ⎯ jacking points and transport means; ⎯ measures to be taken in case of emergency or breakdown; ⎯ routine checks to be carried out by the operator; ⎯ minimum training programme for the operator; ⎯ type of hoses used in hydraulic systems; ⎯ safety requirements for maintenance resulting from the specific design of aircraft movement equipment 11 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Verification of requirements The verification of requirements shall be carried out generally in accordance with Clause of EN 1915-1:2001 !See also details for verification in EN 1915-3 as relevant and EN 1915-4." The following shall be verified by functional tests, and measurement (as appropriate): ⎯ tow-hitch lift (see 5.1.8); ⎯ steering devices (see 5.2); ⎯ brakes (see 5.3); ⎯ operating speeds (see 5.4 and 5.9.9); ⎯ lights (see 5.5); ⎯ overload protection systems (see 5.6 and 5.7); ⎯ contact protection system (see 5.7.4); ⎯ handling forces (see 5.9.10) 12 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Annex A (normative) Minimum space envelope for seated operator enclosure Dimensions in millimetres 13 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Key SIP X—X Y—Y Z—Z X' — X', ϕ seat index point Longitudinal axis through SIP Lateral axis through SIP Vertical axis through SIP Front rake between X — X and X' — X' for the longitudinal axis through SIP (maximum 7°) a Horizontal seat adjustment dimension (minimum ± 35 mm) b Radius at intersection of enclosure's internal walls with each other and with enclosure ceilings (maximum 250 mm) c Lower terminus of minimum enclosure width above Y — Y axis (maximum 180 mm) Figure A.1 — Minimum space envelope for seated operator enclosure 14 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Annex B (normative) List of hazards in addition to those of EN 1915-1 Table B.1 — List of hazards Number corresponding to EN 1050:1996 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.6 Hazard Crushing Shearing Crushing Trapping Crushing Cutting Impact Risk area Hazardous situation Reference in this European Standard Crushing between tractor and aircraft due to inadequate strength, speeds, steering or brakes 5.1.2, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 Crushing between tractor and aircraft due to overload on the nose landing gear 5.3.7, 5.6.5, 5.7.1, 5.9.3 Crushing between tractor and aircraft due to inadequade coupling procedure 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.6.6, 5.6.7, 5.6.8 Crushing or shearing during height adjustment of the driver’s cabin or tow-hitch lift 5.1.8, 5.4.2 Tractor body Ramp integrated system Crushing or trapping underneath the tractor during wheel change 5.1.7 Towbarless tractor coupling system Crushing or trapping between movement device and aircraft or fixed installations 5.6.8, 5.7.2, 5.7.3, 5.7.4 Driver’s cabin Hitting due to inadequate design of the cabin 5.1.3 Towbar Steering bar Crushing between tractor or towbar and aircraft due to disengagement 5.9.1, 5.9.6 Crushing or cutting due to missing clearance 5.9.4, 5.9.5, 5.9.9, 5.9.11, 5.9.12 Crushing or hitting due to missing handles 5.9.10, 5.9.12 Crushing or hitting due to missing or inadequate bumpers or tilting towbar during travelling 5.9.7, 5.9.11 Tractor body Cabin 15 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Table B.1 (continued) Number corresponding to EN 1050:1996 1.5 1.6 16 Hazard Trapping Impact Risk area Hazardous situation Reference in this European Standard Pedestrian control Trapping or hitting due to protruding parts 5.1.9 Driver’s accommodation Trapping or hitting due to inadequate driver’s cabin 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.1.5 1.9 High pressure fluid injection Hydraulic system Hitting by high pressure hydraulic oil jet caused by inadequate hoses 6.3 Electrical hazards Power source Contact with live parts 5.1.10 Unergonomic position or overload Cabin Towbar Steering bar Unergonomic cabin design, inadequate measures or weight 5.1.3, 5.9.4, 5.9.8, 5.9.9, 5.9.10, 5.9.14 14 Failure of the control circuit Failure of the system or missing indication 5.2, 5.3.3, 5.5.1, 5.6.6, 5.6.7, 5.7.3, 5.7.4 21.3 Fire Tractor Fuel tanks Spreading of fire due to inadequate fuel tanks and installations or missing fire protection 5.8 21.6 Inadequate lighting Cabin Coupling area Ramp Various hazards, e.g falling, tripping, slipping, hitting 5.5 22.1 22.2 Inadequate location or design of manual controls Controls Various risks for persons during operation of the aircraft movement equipment 5.1.11 26 Insufficient instructions Information for use Absence of data and marking 6.1, 6.2 Missing operating and/or maintenance instructions 6.3 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive — Machinery Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard (except: 5.1.6, 5.5.4, 5.6.1, 5.6.2 and 5.9.2) confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard 17 BS EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 EN 12312-7:2005+A1:2009 (E) Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard (except 5.1.6, 5.5.4, 5.6.1, 5.6.2 and 5.9.2) confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard." 18