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BS NA EN 1991 1 5 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1 Actions on structures General actions Thermal actions United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland In order to promote public education and pu[.]
Un i t e dKi n g d o mo fGr e a t Br i t a i na n dNo r t h e r nI r e l a n d ≠ EDI CTOFGOVERNMENT± I no r d e rt op r o mo t ep u b l i ce d u c a t i o na n dp u b l i cs a f e t y ,e q u a lj u s t i c ef o r a l l ,ab e t t e ri n f o r me dc i t i z e n r y ,t h er u l eo fl a w,wo r l dt r a d ea n dwo r l d p e a c e ,t h i sl e g a ld o c u me n ti sh e r e b yma d ea v a i l a b l eo nan o n c o mme r c i a l b a s i s ,a si ti st h er i g h to fa l lh u ma n st ok n o wa n ds p e a kt h el a wst h a t g o v e r nt h e m BS NA EN 1991-1-5 (2003) (English): UK National Annex to Eurocode Actions on structures General actions Thermal actions Nu l l iv e n d e mu s ,n u l l in e g a b i mu sa u td i f f e r e mu sRe c t u ma u tJu s t i c i a m Wewi l ls e l lt on oma n ,wewi l ln o td e n yo rd e f e rt oa n yma ne i t h e rJu s t i c eo rRi g h t MAGNACARTA( 97 ) NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 NATIONAL ANNEX UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions Ies 91.010.30 British Standards NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued © BSI 2007 ISBN 978 580 50575 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/525/1 Draft for comment 06/30128336DC Publication history First edition April 2007 Amendments issued since publication Amd no Date Text affected NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 Contents Introduction NA.l NA.2 NA.3 Scope Nationally Determined Parameters Decisions on the status of BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 informative annexes C and D Bibliography 10 List of figures Figure NA.1 - Isotherms of minimum shade air temperature COC) Figure NA.2 - Isotherms of maximum shade air temperature COC) List of tables Table NA.1 - Adjustment to uniform bridge temperature for deck surfacing Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover â BSI 2007 ã NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 ii · © BSI 2007 This page deliberatel:y left blank NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 National Annex (inforInative) to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Actions on structures Part 1-5: General actionsTherInal actions Introduction This National Annex has been prepared by BSI Subcommittee B/525/l, Actions (loadings) and basis of design In the UK it is to be used in conjunction with BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 NA.l Scope This National Annex gives: a) the UK decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters described in the following sub clauses of BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 - 5.3(2) - 6.1.4.2(1) - 7.2.1(1) - 6.1.1(1) - 6.1.4.3(1) - - 6.1.2(2) - 6.1.4.4(1) -7.5(4) - 6.1.3.1(4) - 6.1.5(1) - A.1(1) - 6.1.3.2(1) - 6.1.6(1) -A.1(3) 6.1.3.3(3) - 6.1.4(3) - 6.1.4.1(1) - 6.2.1(1)P 6.2.2(1) 7.5(3) A.2(2) -B(l) - 6.2.2(2) b) the UK decisions on the status ofBS EN 1991-1-5:2003 informative annexes C and D (see NA.3); and c) references to non-contradictory complementary information NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters NA.2.1 Determination of temperature profiles [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 5.3(2)] The values recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5: 2003, Table 5.1, should be used The values recommended inBSEN 1991-1-5:2003, Table 5.2, should be used, except that the minimum shade air temperature T and the maximum shade air temperature Tma:x should be obtained from Figure NA.1 and Figure NA.2, respectively The values recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Table 5.3, should be used â BSI 2007 ã NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 NA.2.2 NA.2.2.1 Bridge deck types [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.1(1), NOTE 2] General Values for the uniform temperature component and temperature difference component for buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels, are given in NA.2.2.2 and NA.2.2.3 Values for other types of bridges not covered in BS EN 1991-1-5 should be agreed for the individual project with the relevant authority, where appropriate The following may be considered to be protected from climatic and operational temperature changes: a) the walls and base slab of buried concrete box structures and the walls of buried concrete portal frame structures; b) in situ buried concrete structures which have over 0,6 metres of cover Cfill plus surfacing) and which are more than five times as long Ctransversely) as the clear span or, for multispan structures, five times as long as the largest clear span; c) precast buried concrete segments which have over 0,6 metres of cover Cfill plus surfacing) and which are located more than 1,25 times the clear span from the edge of the structure Buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels, should be classified as Type structures NA.2.2.2 Uniform temperature component For buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels, where the total cover depth from the top of the surfacing to the top of the roof slab or extrados of the arch ring is greater than 200 mm, the minimum and maximum uniform bridge temperatures obtained from BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.1, and adjusted using Table NA.1 may be further modified as follows: For every additional 100 mm of total cover depth in excess of 200 nun: a) the minimum uniform bridge temperature may be increased by 1°C; b) the maximum uniform bridge temperature may be reduced by 2°C However, the difference between the maximum and minimum uniform bridge temperature should not be taken as less than 15°C Changes in uniform bridge temperature may be ignored when the total depth from the top of the surfacing to the top of the roof slab or extrados of the arch ring is 1,5 m or greater ã â BSI 2007 NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 NA.2.2.3 Temperature difference component BS EN 1991-5:2003, Annex B, should be used to establish temperature differences for buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels In BS EN 1991-5:2003, Table B.3, the value of h for buried concrete structures should be taken as the distance from the underside of the surfacing to the soffit of the roof slab For masonry arch bridges the value of h in Table B.3 should be taken as the distance from the underside of the surfacing to the intrados of the arch ring In BS EN 1991-5:2003, Figure 6.2a, Figure 6.2b and Figure 6.2c, LlT should be taken as occurring at the underside of the surfacing and the dimensions h and hI should be measured downwards from that level so that the temperature profiles shown in BS EN 1991-5:2003, Figure 6.2c, are applied through the fill as well as through the roof slab or arch ring Heating and cooling temperature differences may be ignored when the total depth from the top of the surfacing to the top of the roof slab or extrados of the arch ring exceeds 500 mm NA.2.3 Consideration of thermal actions [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.2(2)] Approach should be used, unless the use of Approach is agreed for the individual project with the relevant authority NA.2.4 Uniform temperature components - General [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.3.1(4)] The values of Te and Te max recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.1, should be used, subject to the adjustments for deck surfacing given in Table NA.1 The uniform bridge temperature components are dependent on the depth of surfacing on the bridge deck, and the values given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.1, assume depths of 40 mm for Type and 100 mm for Types and When the depth of surfacing differs from these values, the minimum and n1aximum uniform bridge temperature components should be adjusted by the amounts given in Table NA.1 Table NA.1 Deck surface Adjustment to uniform bridge temperature for deck surfacing Addition to minimum uniform bridge temperature component, °C Addition to maximum uniform bridge temperature component, °C Type Type Type +4 +4 Type Type Water-proofed A) 40 mm surfacing B) 100 rnrn surfacing B) N/A N/A 200 mm surfacing B) A) B) C) -3 -1 -1 0 +3 +1 Type +4 +2 +2 +1 N/A N/A 0 C) -2 Waterproofed deck values are conservative, assuming dark material; there may be some alleviation when light coloured waterproofing is used; specialist advice should be sought if required Surfacing depths include waterproofmg For steel truss and plate girders the values for unsurfaced and waterproofed deck surfaces may be reduced to +2 °e BSI2007 • NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 NA.2.5 Shade air temperature [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.3.2(1)] The minimum and maximum shade air temperatures with a probability of being exceeded of 0,02 (1 in 50 year return period) should be obtained from the maps of isotherms in Figure NA.1 and Figure NA.2, respectively NA.2.6 Range of uniform bridge temperature component [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.3.3(3)] For bearings and expansion joints, the maximum expansion and contraction ranges of the uniform bridge temperature component should be as given by other relevant standards (for example, BS EN 1993-2) Where no information is given the requirements should be as follows: (~TN,exp + 20) °C and (~TN,con + 20) °C, respectively If the temperature at which the bearings and expansion joints are set is specified then the ranges are (~TN,exp + 10) °C and (~TN,con + 10) °C, respectively NA.2.7 Temperature difference components [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4(3)] The initial temperature difference at the closure of cantilever construction should be specified for the individual project NA.2.8 Vertical linear component (Approach 1) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.1(1)] Generally, Approach should not be used However, where Approach is specified and permitted for use, the values of ~TM,heat and ~TM,cool and factor k sur given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Table 6.1 and Table 6.2, respectively, should be used NA.2.9 Vertical temperature components with non-linear effects (Approach 2) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.2(1)] The temperature difference values recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.2a to Figure 6.2c, for the different types of bridge deck should be used, but with the following changes to Figure 6.2a and Figure 6.2c: In Figure 6.2a: • • © BSI 2007 In note, ~TN should be ~Tu NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 In Figure 6.2c: Colunm (a) Heating: Table: the value of /).T1 for h ;:::: 0,8 should be 13,5 instead of 13,0; Column (b) Cooling: Figure: the top horizontal line for h3 should be lowered to the kink; • Column (b) Cooling: Below figure: line 2: of;:::: 0,20 m; • In note, /).TN should be /).Tu' ~ 0,20 m instead The data given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.2, assume depths of surfacing of 40 mm for Type and 100 mm for Types and For other depths of surfacing different values will apply Values for other thicknesses of surfacing are given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Annex B NA.2.10 Horizontal components [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.3(1)] Where a horizontal temperature difference needs to be considered, a temperature difference between the outer edges of the bridge, independent of the width of the bridge, of °C may be used Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles NA.2.11 Temperature difference components within walls of concrete box girders [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.4(1)] The linear temperature difference of 15°C recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.4(1), Note, may be used Alternatively, appropriate non-linear distribution and corresponding values may be determined from first principles NA.2.12 Simultaneity of uniform and temperature difference components [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.5(1)] The values of (ON = 1,00 and (OM = 1,00 may be used The ranges of uniform bridge temperature component for expansion and contraction (/).TN) should be determined from the relevant value of To and: • appropriate values of Te max above 25°C for Type and Temax above 15°C for Types and • appropriate values of Te of up to °C below the maximum for Type Te of up to °C below the maximum for Type Te of up to °C below the maximum for Type Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles â BSI 2007 ã NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 NA.2.13 Difference in the uniform temperature components between different structural elements [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.6(1)] Where relevant, the values for the differences in the uniform temperature component recommended in the note to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.6(1), may be used Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles NA.2.14 Consideration of thermal actions [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.2.1(1)P] The design procedure to be used for taking temperature differences between the outer faces of bridge piers may assume an equivalent linear tenlperature difference NA.2.15 Temperature differences [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.2.2(1)] The linear temperature difference between the opposite outer faces of concrete piers may be taken as ce Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles NA.2.16 Temperature differences [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.2.2(2)] The linear temperature difference between the inner and outer faces of walls may be taken as 15 ce Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles NA.2.17 Shade air temperature [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.2.1(1)] The minimum and maximum shade air temperatures with a probability of being exceeded of 0,02 (1 in 50 year return period) should be obtained from the maps of isotherms given in Figure NA.l and Figure NA.2, respectively NA.2.18 Values of temperature components (indicative values) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(3)] The linear temperature difference component value of 15 ce recommended in Note to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(3), should be used NA.2.19 Values of temperature components (indicative values) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(4)] The value of stepped temperature component of 15 ce recommended in the note to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(4), should be used ã â BSI 2007 NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 NA.2.20 Isotherms of national minimum shade air temperatures - General [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.1(1)] The minimum and maximum shade air temperatures are obtained from the maps of isotherms in Figure NA.l and Figure NA.2, respectively These figures relate to a 0,02 probability exceedance (1 in 50 year return period) The temperature values should be adjusted for height above mean sea level using the recommended method given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.l(l), Note NA.2.21 Isotherms of national minimum and maximum shade air temperatures - Gelleral [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.1(3)] In the absence of specific provisions to control the temperature at which a bridge is restrained, the initial temperature To should be taken as °C for expansion and 20°C for contraction, except that, for buried concrete box structures, the value of To may be taken as 10°C for both expansion and contraction ° NA.2.22 Maximum and minimum shade air temperature values with an annual probability of being exceededp other than 0,02 [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.2(2)] The values ofkv k2' k , k4should be taken as 0,781, 0,056, 0,393 and -0,156, respectively, as recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.2(2), Note NA.2.23 Temperature differences for various surfacing depths [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, B(l)] Temperature difference profiles for surfacing depths, other than 40 mm for Type and 100 mm for deck Types and 3, should be as given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Table B.l, Table B.2 and Table B.3, except with the following changes to Table B.3: • 1st colwnn: replace "0,2" with 0,2" • 1st column: replace "1,5" with "~ 1,5" • 6th column, 1,0 m depth of slab and 200 mm surfacing thickness: replace "4,3" with "4,8" NA.3 Decisions on the status of BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 informative annexes C and D BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, informative annexes C and D, may be used in the UK as informative annexes â BSI 2007 ã NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 Figure NA.l Isothenns of minimum shade air temperature ee) ~bO 12 11 12 t -10 11 , ~ ut -10 ~l:IAb +- -+ +- ~10 10 -r r - ~ ~9 I~ + + I \~ -r_ ~ ~ ~ -+ I ~ :_;::+ I 2 -7 o NATIONAL GRID 55 ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ LlTM GRID 54 ZONE 30U NOTE The isotherms are derived from Meteorological Office Data • © BSI 2007 NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 Figure NA.2 Isotherms of maximum shade air temperature eC) -¥f-A-'"b-ou-t-24 + -; ~1~1 - - + _ +-~~-4_ ~ ~11 _ ~ -r -rO 10 ~ _4 r -~ ~9 ~ + -~ ~. ~ ~ -+ 17 ~ ~ _+ 16 - \-_ _ -1 '\or + -I o o NATIONAL GRID r-5~S -t t " NOTE The isotherms are derived from Meteorological Office Data â BSI 2007 ã NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 Bibliography Standards publications BS EN 1337-1, Structural bearings - Part 1: General design rules BS EN 1337-2, Structural bearings -Part 2: Sliding elements BS EN 1337-3, Structural bearings -Part 3: Elasto1neric bearings (in preparatian) BS EN 1337-4, Structural bearings -Part 4: Roller bearings BS EN 1337-5, Structural bearings -Part 5: Pot bearings BS EN 1337-6, Structural bearings -Part 6: Rocker bearings (in preparatian) BS EN 1337-7, Structural bearings -Part 7: Spherical and cylindrical PTFE bearings BS EN 1990: 2002, Eurocode - Basis oj structural design BS EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode - Actions on structures BS EN 1993-2, Eurocode -Design oJsteel structuresPart 2: Steel bridges Other publications Emerson, Mary "Temperature differences in bridges: basis oj design requirements " Department of the Environment, TRRL Report LR 765 Crowthorne, Berkshire, United Kingdom, 1977 10 ã â BSI 2007 NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 This page deliberately left blank NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the 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