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BRITISH STANDARD Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates Part 6: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing in the presence of salt (NaCl) ICS 91.100.15 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 1367-6:2008 BS EN 1367-6:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1367-6:2008 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/502/6, Test methods A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2009 © BSI 2009 ISBN 978 580 57338 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments BS EN 1367-6:2008 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1367-6 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2008 ICS 91.100.15 English Version Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing in the presence of salt (NaCl) Essais pour déterminer les propriétés thermiques et l'altérabilité des granulats - Partie 6: Résistance au geldégel au contact du sel Prüfverfahren für thermische Eigenschaften und Verwitterungsbeständigkeit von Gesteinskörnungen - Teil 6: Beständigkeit gegen Frost-Tau-Wechsel in der Gegenwart von Salz (NaCl) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2008 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members B-1050 Brussels Ref No EN 1367-6:2008: E BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) Contents page Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions 4 Principle 5 Apparatus Sampling Test specimens Procedure Calculation and expression of results 10 Test report Annex A (informative) Precision Bibliography 10 BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) Foreword This document (EN 1367-6:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 154 “Aggregates”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2009 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This European Standard is one Part in the EN 1367 series of European Standards under the general title Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates The other parts are: Part 1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing Part 2: Magnesium sulphate test Part 3: Boiling test for “Sonnenbrand basalt" Part 4: Determination of drying shrinkage Part 5: Determination of resistance to thermal shock Test methods for other properties of aggregates will be covered by Parts of the following European Standards: EN 932 EN 933 EN 1097 EN 1744 EN 13179 Tests for general properties of aggregates Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates Tests for chemical properties of aggregates Tests for filler aggregate used in bituminous mixtures According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) Scope This European Standard specifies a method of assessing the frost resistance of an aggregate when it is subjected to the cyclic action of freezing and thawing in the presence of % solution of NaCl in de-ionized or distilled water The results of this test provide a means for assessing an aggregate’s resistance to this form of weathering in areas where frequent freeze-thaw cycling occurs with seawater sprays or abundant deicers conditions, and where result values of EN 1367-1 test method not describe correctly aggregate performance in extreme conditions This European Standard gives the option to control the thawing sequence either by immersion in water or by using air circulation in the low temperature cabinet to obtain the required reference temperature This test method is applicable to coarse aggregates or to coarse aggregates' fractions of all-in materials This method is not appropriate for lightweight aggregates covered by EN 13055 or aggregates which can not be submitted to 110 °C oven drying Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 932-1, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 1: Methods for sampling EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples EN 932-5, Tests for general properties of aggregates — Part 5: Common equipment and calibration EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution — Sieving method EN 933-2, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution — Test sieves, nominal size of apertures Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 constant mass successive weighings of the test specimen, after drying it, of at least h apart, not differing by more than 0,1 % NOTE In many cases constant mass can be achieved after a test specimen has been dried for a predetermined period in a ventilated drying oven at (110 ± 5) °C 3.2 reference temperature temperature of the test specimen measured at the reference temperature measuring point BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) 3.3 reference temperature measuring point temperature at the centre of the covered can, filled with a test specimen and % NaCl solution and situated in the centre of the cooled area of the low temperature cabinet Principle The frost resistance of the aggregate is determined by subjecting it to the cyclic action of freezing and thawing in the presence of salt (NaCl) The aggregate is soaked at atmospheric pressure and stored in % NaCl solution for thorough absorption of the solution (see 8.1) and exposed to freezing under % NaCl solution (see 8.2) Three test specimens of a single sized aggregate, having been soaked in % NaCl solution at atmospheric pressure, are subjected to 10 freeze-thaw cycles This involves cooling to -17,5 ºC under the % NaCl solution and then thawing to 20 ºC After completion of the freeze-thaw cycles, the freeze-thaw resistance of the aggregate, as measured by the proportion of aggregate passing through the d/2 sieve as sieved from the test specimen, is considered separately for each test specimen and then expressed as a mean percentage by mass Apparatus 5.1 All apparatus, unless otherwise stated, shall conform to the general requirements of EN 932-5 5.2 Ventilated drying oven, thermostatically controlled to maintain a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C 5.3 Balance, readable to ± 0,1 g, of sufficient capacity 5.4 Low temperature cabinet, (upright or chest) with air circulation The cabinet shall be automatically controlled to adhere to the temperature curve shown in Figure The test specimen temperature in the thawing phase may be controlled by either air circulation or immersion in water Any manual method of control may be used, provided the correct temperature curve for the reference temperature measuring point, as shown in Figure 1, is adhered to 5.5 Cans, made from corrosion-resistant sheet metal, with a thickness of about 0,6 mm, having a nominal capacity of 000 ml, an internal diameter of 120 mm to 140 mm, and an internal height of 170 mm to 220 mm Cans shall be covered with lids 5.6 Test sieves, conforming to EN 933-2 5.7 % NaCl solution, made by mixing 20,0 g of NaCl of analytical grade in 980 g of de-ionized or distilled water and making up to 000 g of the solution Sampling Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 932-1 BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) 7.1 Test specimens General The preferred size fraction of the test specimen shall be within the range mm (d) to 16 mm (D) If the product size is smaller than mm, a size fraction of mm to mm may be used Three individual test specimens shall be used The test specimens shall be obtained in accordance with EN 932-2 by sample reduction Particles retained on “D” sieve or passing “d” sieve shall be removed 7.2 Mass of test specimens The quantities for each of the three individual test specimens are specified in Table Deviations of ± % are permissible Table — Mass of test specimens Size fraction (d to D) (mm) to 16 to 7.3 Mass of test specimen (g) 000 000 Preparation of test specimens The test specimens shall be washed according to EN 933-1 on the mm sieve (or mm sieve if the smaller size fraction is used) They shall be dried to constant mass at (110 ± 5) °C, according to EN 933-1 and allowed to cool to room temperature and weighed immediately (M1) to the nearest 0,1 g 8.1 Procedure Soaking Store the test specimens prepared in accordance with 7.3 for (24 ± 1) h in the cans at (20 ± 3) °C Add the % NaCl solution, and cover the test specimen by at least 10 mm for the full 24 h period of soaking 8.2 Exposure to freezing under % NaCl solution Check that the % NaCl solution level in each can is still at least 10 mm above the top of the test specimen and place the lids on the cans Place the covered cans containing the test specimens in the low temperature cabinet, ensuring that the distance between the cans and the sidewalls of the cabinet is not less than 50 mm and the cans are not touching, in order that the heat is extracted from them as uniformly as possible from all sides Use the reference temperature measuring point (see Clause 3) to regulate the low temperature cabinet so that the reference temperature follows a temperature curve inside the limits shown in Figure NOTE If desired, more than one reference temperature measuring point may be used, distributed at different levels in the cabinet, to increase the accuracy of the temperature control BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) Subject the test specimens in the cans in the low temperature cabinet to a series of 10 freeze-thaw cycles as follows: a) Reduce the temperature from (20 ± 3) °C to (- 1,0 ± 0,5) °C in (150 ± 30) and hold at (- 1,0 ± 0,5) °C till (360 ± 30) from the beginning of the cycle; b) Reduce the temperature from (- 1,0 ± 0,5) °C to reach (- 17,5 ± 2,5) °C (540 ± 30) after the beginning of the cycle and hold at (- 17,5 ± 2,5) °C for a minimum of 240 If the test needs to be interrupted, when under manual control for example at weekends, the cans shall be kept at (-17,5 ± 2,5) °C The total interruption shall not exceed 72 h; c) At no stage allow the temperature of the air in the cabinet to fall below - 22 °C; d) After the completion of each freezing phase, thaw the cans by immersion in water or by using air circulation in the cabinet until the reference temperature has reached (20 ± 3) °C; e) After the completion of each thawing phase hold the cans at (20 ± 3) °C for a maximum of 10 h and a minimum of h Each freeze-thaw cycle shall be completed within 24 h (except when interruption occurs according to 8.2 b) On completion of the tenth cycle, pour the contents of each can into a test sieve having an aperture size that is half the lower size sieve used to prepare the test specimen (e.g in the case of the mm to 16 mm size fraction, into a test sieve of mm aperture size) Wash and sieve the test specimen on the specified sieve by hand Dry the residue remaining on the sieve at (110 ± 5) °C to constant mass, cool to ambient temperature and weigh immediately (M2) to the nearest 0,1 g Key X Time (min) Y Temperature (°C) Figure — Temperature curve with tolerance limits for the reference temperature measuring point(s) BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) Calculation and expression of results For each test specimen, calculate the result of the freeze-thaw test (F), to the nearest 0,1 % by mass, in accordance with the following equation: F= M1 − M ⋅ 100 M1 where M1 M2 F is the initial dry mass of the test specimen, in grams; is the final dry mass of the test specimen that is retained on the sieve specified in 8.2, in grams; is the percentage loss in mass of the test specimen after freeze-thaw cycling Calculate FNaCl as the mean of the three individual test results, to the nearest % NOTE 10 A statement on the precision of this test is given in Annex A Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a reference to this European Standard, i.e EN 1367-6; b) the sampling method and marking, designation and origin of the laboratory sample; c) the size fraction of the test specimens; d) the result of the freeze-thaw test, F, for each test specimen; e) the test result FNaCl ; f) the date of the test report and name of the test laboratory; g) any unusual disintegration of the aggregate retained on the sieve at the end of the test BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) Annex A (informative) Precision The following precision data was determined from a cross-testing project involving normal weight aggregates from 18 sources, tested at 15 laboratories in 10 European countries (FRAS, Nordtest project No 1624-03) The aggregates were chosen to cover a range of aggregate types and performances The results were interpreted in accordance with ISO 5725-2:1994 and are as followed: Table A.1 — Repeatability calculations Outliers deleted Repeatability standard deviation (sr) Correlation coefficient (r) sr = 0,048X + 0,215 0,76 NOTE X is the FNaCl value Table A.2 — Reproducibility calculations Outliers deleted Reproducibility standard deviation (sR) Correlation coefficient (r) sR = 0,676X + 0,674 0,85 NOTE X is the FNaCl value The repeatability (r), and the reproducibility (R) can be retrieved by multiplying the sr and sR, respectively, with the factor 2,78 BS EN 1367-6:2008 EN 1367-6:2008 (E) Bibliography [1] EN 13055 (all parts), Lightweight aggregates [2] ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method [3] PETURSSON, P & SCHOUENBORG, B 2004: Frost resistance test on aggregates with and without salt (FRAS), Nordtest project no.1624-03 10 BS EN 1367-6:2008 This page has been intentionally left blank BS EN 1367-6:2008 BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: +44 (0)20 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