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BRITISH STANDARD Building hardware — Requirements and test methods for windows and doors height windows Part 6: Variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction stay) ICS 91.190 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 13126-6:2008 BS EN 13126-6:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13126-6:2008 It supersedes DD CEN/TS 13126-6:2004 which is withdrawn The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/538/4, Building hardware A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2009 © BSI 2009 ISBN 978 580 58563 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments BS EN 13126-6:2008 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13126-6 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2008 ICS 91.190 Supersedes CEN/TS 13126-6:2004 English Version Building hardware - Requirements and test methods for windows and doors height windows - Part 6: Variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction stay) Quincaillerie pour le bâtiment - Exigences et méthodes d'essai des ferrures de fenêtres et portes-fenêtres - Partie 6: Compas friction géométrie variable (avec ou sans système de friction) Baubeschlage - Beschläge für Fenster und Fenstertüren Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren - Teil 6: Scheren mit veränderlicher Geometrie (mit oder ohne Friktionssystem); Deutsche Fassung EN 13126-6:2008 This European Standard was approved by CEN on October 2008 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members B-1050 Brussels Ref No EN 13126-6: E BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) Contents Page Foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 Classification General Category of use (1 – first digit) Durability (2 – second digit) Mass (3 – third digit) Fire resistance (4 – fourth digit) Safety in use (5 – fifth digit) Corrosion resistance (6 – sixth digit) Security (7 – seventh digit) Application (8 – eighth digit) Test sizes – size limitations (9 – ninth digit) Example of classification for variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system – EN 13126-6) 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.8 5.3.9 Requirements 10 General 10 Integrated restrictors 10 Additional requirements 10 Pull-in and pull-in abuse test 10 Friction test (where applicable) 10 Obstructed track test 11 Ease of sash movement test 11 Durability test 11 Durability pull-in test 12 Simulated negative pressure test 12 Static load test 13 Additional load test 13 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 Test apparatus 13 General 13 Assembly 13 General 13 Fixing 13 Additional equipment 14 Block for pull-in abuse test 14 Steel cross for simulated negative pressure test 14 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.4 7.5 Test methods 14 Samples 14 Pull-in test 14 General 14 Pull-in test procedure 14 Friction test 15 General 15 Friction test procedure 15 Obstructed track test procedure 15 Pull-in abuse test 16 BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) 7.6 7.7 7.7.1 7.7.2 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 Ease of sash movement test procedure 16 Durability test 16 General 16 Durability pull-in test procedure 17 Simulated negative pressure test 17 Static load test procedure 18 Additional load test procedure 18 Corrosion resistance 18 Annex A (normative) Types of variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system) 19 Annex B (informative) Test method diagrams 20 Annex C (normative) Flow chart of test procedures 25 BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) Foreword This document (EN 13126-6:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2009 This document supersedes CEN/TS 13126-6:2004 This European Standard is one of a series of European Standards dedicated to building hardware products A full contribution to the preparation of this European Standard has been made by the European manufacturers´ organization “ARGE” and national standards bodies EN 13126 Building hardware — Requirements and test methods for windows and doors height windows consists of the following parts: Part 1: Requirements common to all types of hardware ) Part 2: Casement fastener handles1 1) Part 3: Manoeuvring fittings for espagnolette bolts/sliding button Part 4: Espagnolette bolts 1) Part 5: Devices that restrict the opening of windows 1) Part 6: Variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system) Part 7: Finger catches Part 8: Tilt&Turn, Tilt-First and Turn-Only hardware 1) Part 9: Pivot hinges Part 10: Arm balancing systems Part 11: Top projecting reversible hardware Part 12: Side projecting reversible hardware Part 13: Sash balances 1) Part 14: Sash fasteners 1) Part 15: Rollers for horizontal sliding and sliding folding windows and doors 1) To be revised, for the time being CEN/TS BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) Part 16: Hardware for Lift&Slide windows and doors Part 17: Hardware for Tilt&Slide windows and doors Part 18: Fan light openers for windows and door height windows Part 19: Sliding Closing Devices (SCD) for windows and door height windows Informative Annex A of EN 13126-1:2006 gives detailed schedules of the elements of components of the 17 first parts of this European Standard Informative Annex B of EN 13126-1:2006 gives schedules of the elements of components used on the 21 types of window opening functions The performance tests incorporated in this European Standard are considered to be reproducible and as such will provide a consistent and objective assessment of the performance of these products throughout CEN Member States According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) Scope This part of EN 13126 specifies requirements and test methods for durability, strength, security and function of mechanically operated variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system) By means of this European Standard, the user of recognized tested hardware can assume that with correct usage, the variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system) for windows conform to prescribed requirements NOTE This European Standard is applicable to variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system) whether fitted with integral restrictors or not NOTE Balancing stay arms/hinges not represent a friction system NOTE similar For the purposes of this European Standard, the friction system is achieved by friction pads or Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 1670, Building hardware — Corrosion resistance — Requirements and test methods EN 12519:2004, Windows and pedestrian doors — Terminology EN 13126-1:2006, Building hardware — Requirements and test methods for windows and doors height windows — Part 1: Requirements common to all types of hardware CEN/TS 13126-5, Building hardware — Requirements and test methods for windows and doors height windows — Part 5: Devices that restrict the opening of windows ISO 4520:1981, Chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc and cadmium coatings Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13126-1:2006 and EN 12519:2004 and the following apply NOTE The following terms and definitions apply to windows made of wood, PVC-u, aluminium or steel and their appropriate material combinations 3.1 variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) hinge mechanism which has one or more link arms connecting the frame to the opening casement; the point about which the casement pivots being near the outer end of a link arm The freedom of movement of the variable geometry stay hinge system is controlled by the friction between some or all of its moveable components NOTE Friction is usually applied either at the pivot points or between a sliding shoe and its track BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) 3.2 working stack height perpendicular distance between the outer faces of the frame plate and casement plate of a variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) 3.3 pull-in characteristic of the design of the variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system), which maintains the non-locking edge of a casement in contact with the window frame or weather stripping when the casement fastener is closed 3.4 integrated restrictor mechanism that is an integral part of the variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) that limits the initial opening of the window 3.5 declared minimum opening distance measured between the nearest adjacent edges of the sash and frame as the outward movement, from fully closed to where the friction in a variable geometry stay hinge with a friction system is sufficient to conform to the requirements of 7.3 Classification 4.1 General The classification for variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 13126-1:2006, Clause 4.2 Category of use (1 – first digit) No marking is required for the category of use in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.2 4.3 Durability (2 – second digit) Grades shall be in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.3 4.4 Mass (3 – third digit) Grades shall be in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.4 4.5 Fire resistance (4 – fourth digit) One grade shall be identified in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.5 grade 0: no requirements 4.6 Safety in use (5 – fifth digit) One grade shall be identified in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.6 grade 1: hardware shall conform to the requirements of EN 13126-1 and EN 13126-6 BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) 4.7 Corrosion resistance (6 – sixth digit) Grades shall be in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.7 4.8 Security (7 – seventh digit) No marking is required for the category of security in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.8 4.9 Application (8 – eighth digit) The eighth digit shows “6/1”, “6/2” or “6/3” indicating the part of the standard which was used for testing the variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system) and their common application to the following window assemblies in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.9 Three grades are identified: grade 6/1: indicating window operates on a horizontal axis of rotation: type C: bottom-hung window, inward opening or outward opening; type D: top-hung window, inward opening or outward opening; type H: projecting top-hung window, inward or outward opening; type J: projecting bottom-hung window, inward or outward opening; type U: top-hung, inward opening window multi-light; type V: bottom-hung, inward opening window multi-light; grade 6/2: indicating window operates on a vertical axis of rotation: type A: side-hung window inward opening; type B: side-hung window outward opening; grade 6/3: indicating the window operates on both horizontal and vertical axis of rotation 4.10 Test sizes – size limitations (9 – ninth digit) The ninth digit shows the test sizes in accordance with EN 13126-1:2006, 4.10 as follows: S.W 2) in mm / S.H 3) in mm – tolerance of -2 mm/+0 mm EXAMPLE 200 S.W × 900 S.H Where a variable geometry stay hinge (with or without friction) operates on a horizontal axis of rotation, the test size is determined in accordance with Table Where a variable geometry stay hinge (with or without friction) operates on a vertical axis of rotation, the test size is determined in accordance with Table 2) S.W = sash width 3) S.H = sash height BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) Table — Durability test sequence Test sequence Declared maximum panel opening Pull-in test in accordance with 7.2 Friction test in accordance with 7.3 Before durability test Total of 20 cycles If required, reset friction in accordance with 7.3 Total of 000 cycles Measure pull-in in accordance with 7.7.2 Friction test in accordance with 7.3.2 Total of 000 cycles Measure pull-in in accordance with 7.7.2 Friction test in accordance with 7.3.2 Each additional 000 cycles thereafter Measure pull-in in accordance with 7.7.2 Friction test in accordance with 7.3.2 On completion of the durability test in accordance with 7.7: variable geometry stay hinge (with or without friction system) shall continue to function normally 5.3.6 Durability pull-in test The test specified in 7.7.2 shall be used to ensure that, throughout the durability test, the pull-in on the variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) can maintain the contact between the non-locking edge of a casement and the window frame or weather stripping when the casement fastener is closed while under force On completion of the pull-in test in accordance with 7.7.2: recorded additional displacement of the datum surfaces shall be a maximum of 1,5 mm 5.3.7 Simulated negative pressure test The test specified in 7.8 shall be used to ensure the pull-in on the variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) can maintain the contact between the non-locking edge of a casement and the window frame or weather stripping when the casement fastener is closed while under force specified in Table Table — Required force Mass Applied force + 50 ≤ 30 kg 000 N > 30 kg 500 N + 50 N N On completion of the simulated negative pressure test in accordance with 7.8: 12 recorded additional displacement of the datum surfaces shall be a maximum of 1,5 mm BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) 5.3.8 Static load test The test specified in 7.9 shall be used only on side windows (type A and type B) to ensure the mechanical strength of the hardware is appropriate for the intended use On completion of the static load test in accordance with 7.9: side projecting reversible hardware shall continue to function normally; measured clearance gap between sash and frame shall not have increased by more than mm from the measured clearance gap prior to the test commencing 5.3.9 Additional load test The test specified in 7.10 shall be used only on side-hung windows (type A and type B) to comply with safety in use, the test specified in 7.10 shall be used On completion of the additional load test in accordance with 7.10: side-hung projecting reversible hardware shall continue to hold the sash NOTE Permanent deformation of the hardware is acceptable Test apparatus 6.1 General The variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) shall be installed in the test specimen for testing as in EN 13126-1:2006, Clause and in accordance with the manufacturer’s fixing instructions The hardware manufacturer shall provide test specimens for the testing institute A drawing of the profile cross-section with relevant information shall be enclosed in the test application, which also contains the necessary hardware installation information for the windows NOTE Purpose-built test steel test apparatus may also be used Mounting blocks should be used to ensure the fixing gap on the test apparatus is equal to the working stack height of the variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) 6.2 Assembly 6.2.1 General The test shall be conducted on a test rig which corresponds in function and shape to the window for which the hardware was intended The hardware tested shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation for size and mass of the test specimen The test rig shall be provided with adjustable datum surfaces near the free corners of the edge of the casements, opposite to its detected locking rail, so that wear and loss of pull-in can be detected 6.2.2 Fixing Any gap between sash and outer frame shall be equal to the working stack height of the variable +1 geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) mm 13 BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) If the fixing position of the variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) is not specified, the variable geometry stay hinge (with or without a friction system) shall be mounted with its centre line in the plane containing the centre of gravity of the sash, or test panel, to ± mm and as close to its free corners as practicable 6.3 Additional equipment 6.3.1 Block for pull-in abuse test The pull-in abuse test requires a softwood block of dimensions (25 mm × 25 mm × mm) ± 10 % (see Figure B.3) 6.3.2 Steel cross for simulated negative pressure test The simulated negative pressure test requires a welded steel cross to be used to distribute the applied force to the mid-points of the panel rails and stiles Test methods 7.1 Samples Four samples shall be used for testing in accordance with this European Standard: sample A – pull-in, friction and pull-in abuse tests; sample B – pull-in, durability and simulated negative pressure tests; sample C – corrosion tests; sample D – retained for reference control NOTE Sample C should only be necessary if no test report can be supplied from the manufacturer regarding the testing of the hardware component or set in accordance with EN 1670 NOTE Sample D should be retained by the test institute for the duration of the validity of the test report 7.2 Pull-in test 7.2.1 General Position the datum surfaces into the corners where the variable geometry stay hinges (with or without a friction system) are fitted, opposite the locking rail (see Figure B.5) Adjust the datum surfaces so that a measurable gap of between mm to mm is achieved when a force of 10 N ± N is applied horizontally in the opening direction to each corner in turn Measure and record each of the gaps to establish the initial datum position for the test The datum surfaces shall not be readjusted until all tests on that sample are complete 7.2.2 Pull-in test procedure Apply a force of 20 N ± N to each corner with a datum surface in turn and measure the gaps between the datum surfaces Subtract the initial gap dimensions to obtain the additional displacements under the 20 N force 14 BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) Record the difference The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.1 of this European Standard 7.3 Friction test 7.3.1 General If the friction is adjustable, it shall be set to the level recommended in the manufacturer’s fixing instructions If not specified, the variable geometry stay hinge with a friction system shall be adjusted to be sufficient to maintain the opening position, when set at its mid open position, against an applied force + 10 of 60 N N The force shall be applied at 90º to the plane of the sash at the mid-point of the locking rail in the direction for which the sash is harder to operate 7.3.2 Friction test procedure The window shall be opened to, and tested at, the positions indicated in Table The open position of the sash is measured as a chord across the opening and between the nearest adjacent edges of the sash and frame and shall be subject to tolerances of: a) intermediate openings of b) maximum openings of ±10 mm; + 10 mm +1 At each open position apply a force of 30 N N at 90º to the plane of the sash at the mid-point of the locking rail in either direction (see Figure B.1) If the friction is adjustable, adjustment shall be made so that the requirements are all met at one friction setting Acceptance criteria are in accordance with 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.2 of this standard 7.4 Obstructed track test procedure Open the sash so that the longest link bar is perpendicular to the plane of the sash or to its maximum opening angle, whichever is the lesser Where the hinges are fitted with a sliding shoe, immobilize one sliding shoe by fitting a prop of appropriate length in the track to obstruct the closing movement of the shoe Where the hinges are not fitted with a sliding shoe, immobilize one hinge by fitting an appropriately shaped cradle around the shortest link bar (See Figure B.2.) +25 Apply a horizontal force of 200 +25 N, in increments of 100 N, for a period of at least s in the direction of closing This force shall be applied perpendicular ± 5º to the plane of the sash, in the same plane as the specimen and at the mid span position Return the window to the closed position 15 BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.3 of this European Standard 7.5 Pull-in abuse test Open the sash to allow the positioning of the softwood block, detailed in 6.3.1, at the mid-point of the sash and frame rails opposite the locking rail Close the sash without shock so that the softwood block is trapped between the sash and frame (see Figure B.4) Apply a force of 300 N ± 30 N at the mid-point of the locking rail at right angles to the plane of the + 10 sash in the closing direction Maintain for 120 s s Open the sash and remove the softwood block Close and secure the sash Apply a force of 20 N ± N to each corner with a datum surface in turn and measure the gaps between the datum surfaces Subtract the initial gap dimensions recorded in 7.2 to obtain the additional displacements under the 20 N force Record the difference The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.1 of this European Standard 7.6 Ease of sash movement test procedure With the sash in the fully closed position, record the amount of force in Newtons required to initiate movement of the sash Return the sash to the fully closed position and record the amount of force in Newtons required to sustain uniform movement of sash to between 200 mm and 300 mm from the closed position With the sash at an open position of between 200 mm and 300 mm from the closed position, record the amount of force in Newtons required to initiate movement of the sash Return the sash to an open position of between 200 mm and 300 mm from the closed position and record the amount of force in Newtons required to sustain uniform movement of sash to the closed position The force shall be applied in the direction that would be used for the conventional opening and closing of the sash (see Figure B.1) The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.4 of this European Standard 7.7 Durability test 7.7.1 General 25 Cycle the window in accordance with one of the following grades at the rate of 250 16 grade 3: 10 000 cycles (+ %) cycles; cycles/h: BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) grade 4: 15 000 cycles (+ %) cycles; grade 5: 25 000 cycles (+ %) cycles +1 The cycle shall be from the fully closed position mm to the least of the following and back to the fully closed position + 10 mm; a) fully open b) 75º ± 1; c) 800 mm − mm (measured as a chord across the opening and between the nearest adjacent edges of the sash and frame) opening from fully closed +0 The durability test sequence shall be performed in accordance with Table (see Figure B.7) NOTE All moving parts requiring lubrication may be lubricated in accordance with hardware manufacturers’ instructions, unless the manufacturer has specified the hardware as maintenance free The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.5 of this European Standard 7.7.2 Durability pull-in test procedure Pull-in tests are performed at intervals during the durability test procedure as shown in Table Apply a force of 10 N ± N to each corner with a datum surface in turn and measure the gaps between the datum surfaces Subtract the initial gap dimensions to obtain the additional displacements under the 10 N force Record the difference The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.6 of this European Standard 7.8 Simulated negative pressure test Apply a force of 10 N ± N to each corner with a datum surface in turn and measure the gaps between the datum surfaces Record the positions of the datum surfaces in accordance with 7.2 Apply a force in accordance with Table to the centre of the steel cross in an outwards direction perpendicular to the plane of the test rig in such a manner that the cross distributes the applied force to the mid-points of the sash members + 10 Maintain force for 120 s s Remove the force Re-apply a force of 10 N ± N to each corner with a datum surface in turn and measure the additional displacement between the datum surfaces 17 BS EN 13126-6:2008 EN 13126-6:2008 (E) The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.7 of this European Standard 7.9 Static load test procedure Measure and record the clearance gap between the sash and frame at the opening side of the window Measurements shall be taken at two points: at the upper corner of the sash at no more than 50 mm down from the top and at the lower corner of the sash at no more than 50 mm from the bottom (see Figure B.5) +25 Open the sash to 90° ± 2° and apply a vertical downward force of 500 +25 100 N, for +2 50 N, in increments of s This force shall be applied on the opening side of the sash (see Figure B.6) Return the window to the closed position Measure and record the clearance gap between the sash and the frame window Measurements are to be taken at the same position as used prior to the test commencing The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.8 of this European Standard 7.10 Additional load test procedure +50 Open the sash to 90° ± 2° and apply a vertical downward force of 000 +25 100 N, for +5 60 N, in increments of s This force shall be applied on the opening side of the sash (see Figure B.6) The hardware shall conform to the acceptance criteria of 8.4 of EN 13126-1:2006 and 5.3.9 of this European Standard 7.11 Corrosion resistance NOTE A test should only be necessary if no test report can be supplied by the manufacturer in accordance with EN 1670 All corrosion tests shall be carried out on original new samples For zinc galvanized surfaces on iron or steel the specified thickness of 12 µ (class 3) or 16 µ (class 4) is not necessary if other surface protection methods are used to conform to the requirements (minimum time to formation of white corrosion products) of ISO 4520:1981 (µ = micrometer) Unless a test report can be provided by the manufacturer, the hardware shall be tested in accordance with EN 1670 NOTE The evaluation of the corrosion resistance is limited to the essential areas (as a rule, the visible surfaces of the installed hardware) 18