A P I MPMSwLS LD 73 0732290 O526656 2 4 2 Date of Issue June 1994 Affected Publication API Chapter 19 1D, Documentation File for APl Manual of Petroleum Measure ment Standards Chapter 19 lD Evaporativ[.]
API MPMSwLS.LD 73 0732290 O526656 Date of Issue: June 1994 Affected Publication: API Chapter 19.1D,Documentation File for APl Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.lD-EvaporativeLossfrom Fixed Roof Tanks [MI Builelin 2.5181, Fust Edition, March 1993 (first printing) ERRATUM The corrected Table of Contents is shown on the following page: `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST A P I PUBLICATION 2518 DOCUMENTATION FILE CONTENTS SECTION DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION PAGE - !STANDING STORAGE LOSS A Development o f Vapor Space Expansion Factor, KE A l E B1 Development o f Vapor Space Temperature Factor, KT C Development o f Solar I n s o l a t i o n Parameters D1 Development o f Paint Solar Absorptance, El F Development o f L i q u i d Surface Temperature Equations G S e n s i t i v i t y Analysis of Standing Storage Loss Equation H Comparison o f Standing Storage Loss Equation w i t h Test Data B C D Development of Vented Vapor Saturation Factor, Ks Q F1 G i H1 REFERENCES `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST R1 API MPMS*LS.LD 93 m 0732290 051LY39 9Y7 Documentation File for API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.1-Evaporative Loss From Fixed Roof Tanks [API Bulletin 25181 API PUBLICATION CHAPTER 19.1D FIRST EDITION, MARCH 1993 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, D.C 20005 4’ Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST m A P I MPMS*LS.LD 93 0732290 05LL440 667 Documentation File for API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.1-Evaporative From Fixed Roof Tanks [API Bulletin 25181 Loss Measurement Coordination API PUBLICATION CHAPTER 19.1D FIRST EDITION, MARCH 1993 American Petroleum Institute `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST A P I MPMS*L9*LD 93 0732290 05LL44L 5T5 SPECIAL NOTES API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKINGTHEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANUFACTURE, SALE,OR USE OF ANY METHOD,APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COVERED BY LETTERS PATENT NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LEITERS PATENT GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, REAF- FIRMED,OR WITHDRAWN AT LEAST EVERY FIVE YEARS.SOMETIMESA ONETIME EXTENSION OF UP TO TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS REVIEW CYCLE THIS PUBLICATION WILL NO LONGER BE IN EFFECT FIVE YEARS AFTER ITS PUBLICATION DATE AS AN OPERATIVE API STANDARD OR, WHERE AN EXTENSION HAS BEEN GRANTED, UPON REPUBLICATION STATUS OF THE PUBLICATION CAN BE ASCERTAINED FROM THE API AUTHORING DEPARTMENT [TELEPHONE (202) 682-8000] A CATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS AND MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API, 1220 L STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C 20005 Copyright O 1993 American Petroleum Institute Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST API MPMS*:LS.LD 93 W 0732290 0533442 433 FOREWORD API publications may be used by anyone desiring to so Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the director of the Measurement Coordination, Industry Services Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C 20005 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - iii Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST API MPMS*LS*LD 93 0732290 0533443 378 API PUBLICATION 2518 WCUMENTATION FILE `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - CONTENTS SECTION PAGE - DESCRIPTIûN INTRODUCTION ‘STANDING STORAGE LOSS A B A l Development o f Vented Vapor Saturation Factor, KS B1 Development o f Vapor Space Temperature Factor, KT CI Deve1opment o f Sol a r Insol a t ion Parameters D1 Development o f Paint Solar Absorptance, El Development o f Vapor Space Expansion Factor, KE Q F1 Equation G1 Development o f Liquid Surface Temperature Equations S e n s i t i v i t y Analysis o f Standing Storage Loss Comparison o f Standing Storage Loss Equation w i t h Test Data H1 WORKING LOSS I1 Deveìopment o f Turnover Factor, Q 31 Development of Product Factor, Kp K1 Comparison of Working Loss Equation with Test Data L1 REFERENCES R1 Development o f Working Loss Equation Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST API MPMS*LS.LD 93 m 0732290 05LL444 204 m `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - API PUBLICATION 2518 DOCUMENTATION FILE INTRODUCTION This document is the Documentation File to API Publication 2518, Second Edition [A7]* The purpose of the Documentation File is to present detailed technical infomation related to the development of A N Publication 2518 that includes: ( I ) the development o f theoretical equations; (2) comparisons with test data; (3) a sensitivity analysis of the loss equation; and (4) other pertinent information that was developed during the preparation of API Publication 2518 The Documentation File is divided into two main parts: Sections A through H pertain to the standing storage loss, and Sections I through L pertain to the worki ng oss The standing storage loss equation in the Second Edition [A71 is different then that in the First Edition [A6] Sections A through H present the development of the new standing storage loss equation The working loss equation in the Second Edition [A71 is the same as that in the First Edition [A6] Sections I through L contain development information that originally appeared in the First Edition Section R contains a list of important References that were reviewed in developing the Second Edition These references are cited in various sections of the Documentation File t Numbers in brackets refer to the numbered references listed at the end o f this Documentation File Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - API PUBLICATION 2518 ûûCUMENTATION F I L E SECTION A DEVELOPMENT OF VAPOR SPACE EXPANSION FACTOR, KE Al Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST A P I MPMS*LSnLD 93 m 2 O533446 087 m A P I W6LICATION 2518 DOCUMENTATION FILE SECTION A CONTENTS DESCRIPTION PAGE - `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - A3 INTRODUCTION A4 VAPOR SPACE VOLUME CHANGE A4 VAPOR SPACE EXPANSION FACTOR A9 SIMPLIFIED EQUATIONS FOR THE VAPOR SPACE EXPANSION FACTOR A9 Neglecting the Term PBp A9 Replacement o f T y l With TM A9 Replacement o f Py2 With PvA A10 Use o f a-Simplified Equation for the Vapor Pressure Range, APy A10 Neglecting the Term APB A l l CONCLUSION A12 NOMENCLATURE A l O A2.0 A3.0 A4.0 A4.1 A4.2 A4.3 A4.4 A4.5 A5.0 i i TABLES Al Value o f the Variables a t the Maximum and Minimum Conditions A5 FI6üRES Al Schematic o f the Tank Vapor Space Heating Process and the Resulting Volume Expansion Due t o the Thermal Breathing A13 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST r AP MPMS+LS.LD Ì 93'- 0732290 05LLb08 035 a U \ n F Y v> A c VI VI O a CI, a L O o v> CI, E r U v> a c c Cer n w aJ L VI aJ O Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS O ö O Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - E c, A P I MPMS+37-3D m 0732290 0533609 T73 m f i J U \ i U i ! \ I3 \ `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST ! \ ._ A P I MPNS*LS-LD 93 m 0732290 05LLbLO 793 3 3, Ir> O O o, O Cu O O O o, O O N `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST m API MPMS*:L9*LD 93 0732290 05LLbll b T o o `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST API MPMS*LS.LD 93 W 0732290 05LLbL2 566 W CI >r I U \ Y o c F YY O W s c O > v) I I I CI l U W c, c W > u W L v) t a P O o O 9O W Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS O o, O d O Cu Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - ci> 2 05LLbL3 T I Y O C O G a) o O O U ru H17 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST = `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - A P I flPflS*LSmLD O O N O A P I HPHS*LS.LD 93 0732290 05LLbL4 339 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - API WBLICATION 2518 DOCUHENTATIOII FILE REFERENCES R1 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST r A P I MPMStLS-LD 93 API WBLICATION 2518 WCtEHENTATION FILE REFERENCES CONTENTS SECTION R1 R2 R3 0732290 L L b L 275 M DESCRIPTIN .R3 American Petroleum Institute Publications R3 L i terature References R4 Introduction R2 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS PAGE Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST - A P I MPMS*LS=LD 93 H 0732290 L L b L b 101 R1 INTRODUCTION This section of the Documentation File to API Publication 2518, Second Edition, contains a list of the references that are cited in this Documentation File In addition to those that are cited, the list also contains references that were reviewed as part o f preparing the Second Edition to API Publication 2518 Section R2 contains a list of API publications that relate to atmospheric storage tanks These are arranged in numerical order according to their API publ ication number Section R3 contains a list of literature references These are arranged i n chronological order according to their publ ication date R2 Al AHERICAN PETROLEW INSTIME PUBLICATIONS American Petroleurn Institute, " Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage' Tanks", Recommended Practice RP-575, First Edition, Washington, D.C., A2 1990 - American Petroleum Institute, "Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage", Standard 650, Seventh Edition, Washington, D.C., November 1980 A3 A4 AS American Petroleum Institute, "Evaporation Loss in the Petroleum IndustryCauses and Control", Bulletin 2513, First Edition, Washington, D.C., February 1959 American Petroleum Institute, "Evaporative Loss from External Floating-Roof Tanks" Publication 2517, Third Edition, Washington, 0.C; , February 1989 A6 ' American Petroleum Institute, "Evaporation Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks", Bulletin 2518, First Edition, Washington, D.C., June 1962, Reaffirmed August 1987 47 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - A8 A9 American Petroleum Institute, "Evaporative Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks", Pub1 ication 2518, Second Edition, American Petroleum Institute, "Evaporation Loss from Internal Floatinq-Roof D.C., June 1983 Tanks" ' Publication 2519, Third Edition, Washington, American Petroleum Snstitute, "Use of Pressure-Vacuum Vent Valves for Atmospheric Pressure Tanks to R e d u Edition, Washington, D.C., September 1966 AIO American Petroleum Insti tute, "Petrochemical Evaporation Loss from Storage Tanks" ' Bulletin 2523, First Edition, Washington, D.C., November 1969 R3 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST A P I MPMS*lS-LD 0732290 05LLbL7 04A All American Petroleum Institute, 'Guide for Inspection of Refinery Equipment", Chapter XIII, Atmospheric and low-Pressure Storage Tanks, Fourth Edition, Washington, D.C , April 1981 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - R3 LITEñATüM REFERENCES Boardman, H.C., 'Storage o f Volatile Petroleum Products", Petroleum Refiner, Vol 25, No 4, April 1946, pp 109-116 American Petroleurn Institute, Symposium on Evaporation Loss of Petroleum f r m Storage Tanks, Papers Presented During the 32nd Annual Meeting of the AmerScan Petroleum Institute, Held in Chicago, IL, November 10, 1952, (Also Published in API Proceedings, Vol 32, Part I, 1952, pp 212-281) Nelson, Y.L , 'How Paintinq Affects Storage Tank Losses", lhe Oil and Gas Journal , Vol 52, November 2, 1953, pg 130 N.H., "How to Calculate Vapor Losses", Petroleum Processing, April 1954, pp 537-540 i Prater, Walker, E.H., Storage Tanks at a Meetinu U.K., May 11: R.M Eltringham, and A Puttick, "Evaporation Loss From Petrol in the United Kingdom A Practical Survey", Paper Presented - of The institute of Petroleum at 26 Portland Place, London, 1955 Hoffman, E.L., "The Effect òf Paint Colors in Reducing Storaqe lank Losses", Paper Presented at the 35th Annua1 keting of the American Petroleum Institute, Marketing Division, Operations and Engineering Connnittee, San Francisco, Cal ifornia, November 14, 1955 Snyder, A.D., "Theoretical Analysis of Breathing Volatile Liquid Vapor Losses from Fixed-Roof Storaqe Tanks" , Report, Prepared by O1 in Mathison b m Institute, Committee on Evaporation Loss, July 7, ï965 Cinnamon, S.J., "Investiqation of a Method for Reducing Vapor Losses in Storaae M.S Thesfs, Submitted to Purdue University, _ _ _ - - o_f Volatile Liauids" - -~ Deparhent of Chemical Engineking, August -1965 - - Cinnamon, S.3 and 3.E Myers, "Reducinq Liquid Storage Losses", Chemical Engineering Progress, Vol 61, No 12, Deceinber 1965, pp 69-74 10 Air Pollution Control Association, "Control of Atmospheric Emissions from Petroleurn Storaqe Tanks", Informative Report No 2, Prepared by the TI-3 Petroleum Comnittee, Presented in the Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol 21, No 5, May 1971, pp 260-268 11 NUKEM GtnbH, 'Development of a Method for the Recognition o f Environmental Damage üsinq t of Tank Installations", Prepared for the Ministry of the Interior, Federa Republic of Germany, 1972 R4 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST API UPMS*LS=LD 93 0732290 05LLbLB T - 12 Matsumura, I , "Evaporation Loss o f Hydrocarbons i n Hand1ing Petroleum", B u l l e t i n o f the Japan Petroleum I n s t i t u t e , Vol 16, No 2, November 1974, pp 132-139 13 BMI-DGMK, "Measurement and Determination of Hydrocarbon Emissions i n the Course o f s t t Chemi stry) , 1976 14 Ball, D.A., A.A Putnian and R.6 Luce, "Evaluation of Methods f o r Measurin and Control1 inq Hydrocarbon Emissions from Petroleum Storage Tanks": Batte1l e Columbus Laboratories, Prepared f o r the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, Report No 450/3-76-036, November 1976 , "Estimate Tank Breathins Loss", Hydrocarbon Processing, January 1977, pp 117-120, (Errata contained i n Hydrocarbon Processing, July 1977, pp 82-83) 15 Zanker, A 16 Schwanecke, R., "Evaporation Losses from L i q u i d Tanks", Wasser, Betrieb, Vol 15, No 7, July 1977, pp 254-258 L u f t and 17 Engineering-Science, Inc , "Hydrocarbon Emissions From Fixed-Roof Petroleum Tanks" - Prepared f o r the W e s t e "Field Data Developed for Fixed-Roof Tank Emissions", l h e Oil and Gas Journal, January 2, 1978, pp 90-97 18 Harrer, R.D., "Suqqested Emission Factors f o r Fixed-Roof Storage Tanks", Paoer Presented a t the Meeting o f the A i r P o l l u t i o n Control Association, Anaheim, Cal i f o r n i a , November f3, 1978 20 Engineering- Sci ence, Inc , "Synthetic Organi c Chemical Manufactur in Industry, Emission Test Report, Breathing Loss Emissions from Fixed-Roo Petrochemical Storage Tanks", Prepared for the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Report No EMB-78-OCM-5, February 1979 21 Moryzkov, V.S., L.L Tatarnikov, E.Y Kardash and A.S Yarmukhametov, "Losses o f Crude O i l and Products i n Operation of Refinery Storaqe Tanks", `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 19 Wilson, A.L., 22 Cinquemani, V., J.R Owenby, Jr., and R.G Baldwin, "Input f o r Solar Systems', Prepared by the U.S Dept o f Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Envi ronmental and Information Service, Nat ional Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina, Prepared f o r the U.S Dept o f Energy, Div of S o l a r Technology, under Interagency Agreement No E (49-26)1041, November 1978 (Revised August 1979) 23 Erbar, J.H., "Predicting Hydrocarbon Emissions from Fixed Roof F i e l d Storage Tanks", Prepared for the American Petroleum I n s t i tute, Environmental Affairs Department, Task Force on Hydrocarbon Emissions from Production Operations, 1980 RS Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST API MPMS*L9-LD Duffie, J.A and W.A Beckman, "Solar Engineerinq o f Thermal Processes", John Wiley and Sons, 1980 25 Laverman, R.J., "Evaluation o f the Temperature Factor for Thermal Breathin Loss Estimation from fixed Roof Tanks", Chicago Bridge di Iron Co., CB? Research Report No RC-3000-2, March 11, 1981 26 Laverman, R.J., "Thermal Breathinq Loss Analysis for a Roof Vent Area Diffusion Rate Controlled Hodel", Chicago Bridge h Iron Co., CBI Research Report No RC3000-1, March 11, 1981 27 Beckman, J.R and J.R Gilmer, "Model for Predictinq Emissions From Fixed- Roof Storaqe Tanks", Industrial Development, Vol 20, No 4, April 1981, pp 646-651 28 U.S Environmental Protection Agency, "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors Section 4.3 Storaqe of O r g a n i m ( 29 TRW Environmental, Inc., "Backqround Documentation for Storage o f Organic Liquids", Prepared for th\ Contract No 68-02-3174, May 1981 30 Beckman, Duffie and Associates, "Evaporation Loss of Petroleum from Storaqe Final Report, Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, Comi ttee on Evaporation Loss Measurement, August 1, 1982 Tanks" ' 31 Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, "Emission Control : Refineries", VDI 2440, June 1983 32 Beckman, J.R., Transfer D -223, "Breathing Losses from fixed-Roof Tanks by Heat and Mass i f f u s i o s NO 3, 1984, pp 472-479 33 Environmental Monitoring a Services, Inc (subsidiary of Combustion Engineering Co.), "Breathinq Loss Emissions from Fixed Roof Tanks", Final Report, Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, Committee on Evaporation Loss Measurement, June 1985 34* U.S Environniental Protection Agency, "Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Section 4.3, Storage of Organic Liauids", USEPA Report No AP-42, Third Edition, Septeaiber 1985 35 Dept of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmspheric Administration, "Comparative C1 imatic Data Through 1984", National -C1imatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, 1986 U.S 36 Beckman, J.R and 3.A Holcoinb, "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation o f Working Emissions from Fixed-Roof Tanks", Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Process Design h Development, Voì 25, No 1, 1986, pp 293-298 R6 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - i 0732290 0511b19 910 Beckman, J.R., Crude O i l S 37 "Model Development t o Predict Hydrocarbon Emissions from t o r a g e t CaliforniaAgreement No A4-045-32, July 20, 1986 38 Knodel, B.D and R.J Laverman, "Data Base Generation, Analysis and Revision o f API Publication 2518, Task 1: Validate Computer Model", Final Report f o r for the American Petroleum I n s t i t u t e , Conmittee on Evaporation Loss Measurement, Task Group 2518, September 11, 1986 39 Rinehart, J.K and R.J Lavemn, "Data Base Generation, Analysis and Revision of API Publication 2518, Task 2: Generate Computer Data Base", Final Report f o r Task 2, Prepared by CBI Industries, Inc., Prepared f o r the Ameri can Petroleum I n s t itute, C o m i t t e e on Evaporation Loss Measurement, Task Group 2518, February 16, 1987 40 Rinehart, J.K and R.3 Laverman, "Data Base Generation, Analysis and Revision o f API Publication 2518, Task 3: Correlate Data Base", Final Report for Task 3, Prepared by CBI Industries, Inc., Prepared f o r the American Petroleum I n s t i t u t e , Comit t e e on Evaporation Loss Measurement, Task Group 2518, August 26, 1988 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - R7 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST A P I M P M S U L S - L D 93 0732290 0511621 579 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Order No 852-30553 I 1-01102-4/93-1(3 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST (4E) API M P M S * L - L D 93 m 0732290 05Llb22 405 W American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, Northwest `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:18:31 MST