Api mpms 19 3h 1998 (2002) scan (american petroleum institute)

Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.3-Evaporative Loss Measurement `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Part H-Tank Seals and Fittings Certification-Administration FIRST EDITION, MARCH 1998 -Reaffirmed 3/2002 SI- American Petroleum Institute Strategies for Today’s Environmental Partnership Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST &+Strategies for Today’s Environmental Partnership The members of the American Petroleum Institute are dedicated to continuous efforts to improve the compatibility of our operations with the environment while economically developing energy resources and supplying high quality products and services to consumers We recognize our responsibility to work with the public, the government, and others to develop and to use natural resources in an environmentally sound 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without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - API ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY MISSION AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19.3-Evaporative Loss Measurement Part H-Tank Seals and Fittings Certif ¡cation-Administration Measurement Coordination FIRST EDITION, MARCH 1998 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - American Petroleum Institute Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST SPECIAL NOTES `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or federal laws Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent Generally,API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years Sometimes a o n e - h e extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department [telephone (202) 682-8000] A catalog of API publications and materiais is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,D.C 20005 This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the director of the Authoring Department (shown on the title page of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C 20005 Requests for permission to reproduce or translate ail or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices These standards are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products in fact conform to the applicable API standard All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, withoutprior written pemzissionfrom the publishel: Contact the Publisher; API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W, Washington,D.C 20005 Copyright Q 1998American Petroleum institute Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST FOREWORD API publications may be used by anyone desiring to so Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Measurement Coordinator, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,D.C 20005 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST CONTENTS O INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE REFEREiNCES TERMINOLOGY 3.1 Definitions 3.2 Units of Measurement 3.3 Nomenclature 1 SUMMARY OF THE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM TESTING LABORATORY CERTIFICATION PREPARATION FOR PROTOCOLG" PERFORMING PROTOCOL TESTING REVIEW OF CERTIFICATION PETITIONS SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROTOCOL TESTING 9.1 DeckFittings 9.2 RimSeals 7 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDIX G APPENDIX H APPENDIX I APPENDIX J 11 STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS 17 WIND TLTNNEL VELOCITY PROFILE 23 TESTING OF STANDARD DEVICES 27 RANGE OF VARIATION IN DEVICE DESCRIPTION 41 STEADY STATE CONDITIONS 43 DE MZNZMZS LOSS FACTOR 45 UNCERTAIN'" IN THE CERTDFIED LOSS FACTOR 47 METRIC UNITS 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM Tables Description of the Symbols and Units Insỵrument Requirements for the API MPMS 19.3,Part A Minimum Number of Tests for Deck Fitting Minimum Number of Tests for Rim Seals Rim-Seal Gap Areas and Distributions for Average-Fitting Rim Seals B-1 Nomenclature 17 B-2 Summary of Parimeters and Statistical Calculations for the API MPMS 19.3, PartA 20 C-1 Nomenclature 23 C-2 Velocity Profile Survey Data 24 28 D-1A Standard Device Number D-1B Standard Device Number 29 V Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Page Page D-1C D- 1D D-2A D-2B D-2C D-2D H-1 H-2 1-1 Standard Device Number Standard Device Number Standard Device Number Standard Device Number Standard Device Number Standard Device Number Comparison to the Generic Loss Factor Deck Fitting Reference Values Metric Conversion Table Figures Elevation View of a m i c a l Wind Tunnel Test Facility Plan View of a Typical Wind Tunnel Test Facility TestAssembly A- Testing Laboratory Certification A-2 Preparation for Protocol Testing A-3 Performing Protocol Testing A-4 Review of Certification Petitions c-1 Grid for Velocity Profile Measurements c - Grid Display of Normalized Wind Speeds 12 13 14 15 24 25 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 30 31 32 34 36 38 47 48 51 vi Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST Chapter 19.3-Evaporative PART H-TANK Loss Measurement SEALS AND FITTINGS CERTIFICATION-ADMINISTRATION O Introduction Chapter 19.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance for the administration of the API Tank Seals and Fittings Certification Program Detailed requirements for this program are specified in other parts of MI’S Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 19.3, as listed in the reference section below The standards of the API MPMS, Chapter 19.3, collectively describe the certification program by which petitioners may have the evaporative loss factors of proprietary floating-roof devices measured by laboratories that are registered with API for that purpose It is not the purpose of the certification program to specify procedures to be used in the design, manufacture, or field installation of floating-roof rim seals or deck fittings Furthermore, equipment should not necessarily be selected for use solely on the basis of evaporative-loss considerations Many other factors-such as tank operation, maintenance, and safety-are important in designing and selecting tank equipment for a given application Chapter 19.3 Chapter 19.3 Chapter 19.3 Chapter 19.3 Chapter 19.3 Chapter 19.3 Pub1 25 17D Scope ASTM’ D 323 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - This standard illustrates how other standards of the API MPMS, Chapter 19.3, referenced below, are integrated into the overall certification program, and it presents procedures for the evaluations to be performed by API under this program These evaluations include review of the start-up documentation for registered testing laboratories, approval of proposed protocol testing for individual devices, monitoring of the tests, and analysis of test results This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use “Evaporative Loss from Floating-Roof Tanks” Part A, “wind Tunnel Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fittìng Loss Factorsfor Extemal Floating-Roof Tanks” Part B, “Air Concentration Test Method for the Measurement of Rim-Seal Loss Factors for Floating-Roof Tanks” Part C, “Weight Loss Test Method for the Measurement of Rim-Seal Loss Factorsfor Intemal Floating-Roof Tanks” Part E, “Weight Loss Test Method for the Measurement of Deck-Fittìng Loss Factorsfor Inteml Floating-Roof Tanks” Part F; “Evaporative Loss Factorfor Storage Tanks CertijicationProgram” Part G, “Certi$ed Loss Factor Testing Laboratory Registration” Documentation File for API Publication 251 7-Evaporative Loss from External Floating-Roof Tanks Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) Terminology 3.1 DEFINITIONS 3.1.1 certification petition: The documentation of test results submitted to MI by a petitioner for the purpose of applying for a Certified loss factor for a given device References 3.1.2 certification program: The API Tank Seals and Fittings CertificationProgram, by which petitioners may have the evaporative loss factors of proprietary floating-roof devices measured by laboratories that are registered with API for that purpose; and the review by API, at the petitioner’s discretion, of a certification petition for approval and publication of a certified loss factor The most recent editions of the following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute a part of this standard 3.1.3 data acquisition: The process of receiving signais from the sensors, determining the values corresponding to the signals, and recording the results API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standardr (MPMS) “Guidelines for the Use of the IntemuChapter 15 tional System of Units (SI) in tke Peímleum and Allied Industries” 3.1.4 deck That part of a floating roof which provides buoyancy and structure, and which covers the majority of the liquid surface in a bulk liquid storage tank The deck has an ‘American Society for Tes* and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,Pennsylvmaf9428 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST CHAPTER 19.3-EVAPORATIVE annular space around its perimeter to allow it to rise and descend (as the tank is filled and emptied) without binding against the tank shell This annular space is closed by a flexible device called a rim seal The deck may also have penetrations, closed by deck fittings, which accommodate some functional or operational feature of the tank 3.1.5 deck fitting: The device which substantially closes a penetration in the deck of a floating roof in a bulk liquid storage tank Such penetrations are typically for the purpose of accommodating some functional or operational feature of the tank 3.1.6 deck seam: The joint attaching adjacent sheets or panels in the floating-roof deck 3.1.7 device: A feature of a floating roof such as a deck fitting, rim seal, or deck seam where evaporative losses are possible - 3.1.8 floating roof: An apparatus that floats on the surface of the stored liquid in a bulk liquid storage tank A floating roof substantially covers the liquid product surface, thereby reducing its potential for exposure to evaporation Floating roofs are comprised of a deck, a rim seal, and miscellaneous deck fittings 3.1.9 instrument:A fixture used in the measurement process to sense, transmit or record observations LOSS MEASUREMENT 3.1.14 rim seal: A flexible device attached to the rim of a floating-roof deck that spans the annular space between the deck and the tank shell 3.1 i5 rim-seal gap area: The total cumulativehorizontal area of all spaces or openings between the rim seal and the tank shell that provide an unobstructed path for a 0.125-inch diameter probe to pass freely from a position above the rim seal down to the stored product 3.1.16 standing storage evaporative loss: Loss of stored liquid stock by evaporation past the floating roof during normal service conditions This does not include evaporation of liquid that clings to the tank shell and is exposed to evaporation when the tank is being emptied (withdrawal loss), nor does it include vapor loss that may occur when the liquid level is sufficiently low so as to allow the floating roof to rest on its support legs This does include, however, evaporative losses from the rim seal, deck seams, and deck fittings `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 3.1.17 vapor pressure function: A dimensionless factor, used in the loss estimation procedure, that is a function of the ratio of the vapor pressure of the stored liquid to average atmospheric pressure at the storage location The vapor pressure function, the stock vapor molecular weight, and the product factor are multiplied by the sum of the loss factors of the individual Aoating-roof devices to determine the total standing storage evaporative loss rate of a bulk liquid storage tank equipped with a floating roof 3.1.10 loss factor: An expression used to describe the evaporative loss rate characteristics of a given floating-roof device In order to obtain the total standing storage evaporative loss rate for a bulk liquid storage tank equipped with a floating roof, the sum of the evaporative loss factors for each of the individual devices is modified by certain characteristics of both the climatic conditions and the stored liquid The characteristics of the stored liquid are expressed as a vapor pressure function, the stock vapor molecular weight, and a product factor 3.2 3.1.11 petitioner: A party who seeh to obtain API approval for a loss factor for a given device 3.2.2 3.1.1 product factor: A factor that describes the evaporative loss characteristics of a given liquid product The product factor, the stock vapor molecular weight, and the vapor pressure function are multiplied by the sum of the loss factors of the individual floating-roof devices to determine the total standing storage evaporative loss rate of a bulk liquid storage tank equipped with a floating roof 3.1.13 protocol test: A test performed in accordance with the API approved and published standards and procedures as applicable and performed by an API-certified testing laboratory Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 3.2.1 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT Basic Units The unit of length is either the mile, mi, the foot,fi, or the inch, in The unit of mass is the pound mass, pound or Zb The unit of force is the pound force, pound-force or lbj The unit of time is either the hour, hr, or the year, yr The unit of temperature is the degree Fahrenheit, O F , or the degree Rankine, O R The unit of electromotive force is the volt, v Loss Factors The unit of reporting loss factors is the pound-mole per year, lb-mole@ The pound-mole per year units of the loss factor (Kf for deck fittings or K , for rim seals) not actually indicate pound-moles of vapor loss over time, but rather are units of a factor that must be multiplied by certain coefficients (which are dimensionless) in order to determine actual pound-moles of evaporative loss over time for a given liquid product To convert the pound-mole per year units of the loss factor to a loss rate in terms of actual pound-moles per year, the loss factor (Kfor K,)is multiplied by the dimensionless coefficients P*, which is a function of the product vapor pressure, and K, ,the product factor Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST PART H-TANK SEALS AND FITTINGSCERTIFICATION-ADMINISTRATION A pound-mole is an amount of a substance the mass of which, when expressed in pounds, is equal to the numerical value of the molecular weight of the substance To convert the actual pound-moles per year loss rate to pounds per year of a given liquid product, the loss rate ( o r Kr)x(P* K,) is multiplied by the molecular weight of the product in its vapor phase, M, ,with molecular weight having units of pounds per pound-mole Additional information may be found in the A P I MPMS Chapter 19.2 Units P* Vapor pressure function dimensionless T Stock liquid temperature "R or "F V Wind Speed mi/hr Note: See 3.2 for definitions of abbreviations for the units Description Uni& Constant in the vapor pressure equation dimensionless Constant in the vapor pressure equation "R Pmduct factor dimensionless Deck fitting loss factor lb-moieíyr Rim seal loss factor lb-moieíyr Deck fitting loss rate for a single test Ibh The Certification program includes certification of testing laboratories, preparation for and approval of proposed protocol testing, performance of the tests, and analysis of the results Appendix A illustrates the overall certification program in the form of flow diagrams for the wind tunnel test method of A P I MPMS Chapter 19.3, Part A The requirements for approval by A P I as a certified testing laboratory are specified in Chapter 19.3, Part G Approval criteria for certain of the certification demonstrations are provided below in Section Preparation for a protocol test includes certain responsibilities of the petitioner, as specified in Chapter 19.3, Part F, as well as certain responsibilities of the testing laboratory, as specified in Chapter 19.3, Part G Section below provides guidance for MI'S review and approval of the protocol test preparation The certified testing laboratory shall perform the protocol tests as specified in the test methods of Chapter 19.3 Parts A and E of Chapter 19.3 address test methods for deck fittings, Parts B and C contain rim seal test methods, and Part D is reserved for a deck seam test method Authority for A P I to conduct audits or routine surveillance of protocol tests is stip ulated in Chapter 19.3,Part G Guidance for API's audits and inspections are given in Section below Test reports submitted as certification petitions shall be reviewed by A P I for conformance to the testing protocol Part F of Chapter 19.3 identifies requirements for the certiñcation petition A P I shail analyze the test data attached to acceptable petitions and assign certified loss factors to the tested devices Section below contains guidance for API's review procedure Regardless of the extent to which API inspects, moniton, or reviews any step of the certification program, it is the responsibility of the testing laboratory to document compliance with each applicable requirement of Chapter 19.3 Documentation of compliance shall always be shown as a measured value compared to a specified requirement, rather than simply as a statement certifying compliance Molecular weight of stock vapor Ib/lb-mle Testing Laboratory Certification True vapor pressure of the stock psia Atmospheric pressure psia System of Units This standard employs the inch-pound units of the English system Values shail be referenced to the U.S National ïnstitute of Standards and Technology ( N i S T ) values (formerly the U.S National Bureau of Standards) The text of this standard does not include the equivalent International System of Units (SI) values, from the system adopted by the Intemational Organization of Standardization OSO), but guidance for conversion to SI and other metric units is provided in Appendix 3.2.5 Velocity The unit of velocity is the mile per hour, designated m f i r or mph 3.3 NOMENCLATURE Table provides a description of the symbols and units that are used in this standard Table l-Description Symbol Description Symbol Summary of the Certification Program Pressure The unit of pressure is the pound-force per square inch absolute, designatedpsia 3.2.4 of the Symbols and Units of the Symbols and Units Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS The process of c e m i n g a testing laboratory under the Certification program is outlined in Figure A-1 of Appendix A below API's review of a testing laboratory's application for Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 3.2.3 Table l-Description CHAPTER EVAPORATIVE TIVE Loss MEASUREMENT 38 Table DPD-Standard Slotted Guideuole-No Device Number Wind Speed = 11.9 mph Well Gasket, Float Wiper, or Sleeve Reference Data Test Prog Ftg No Test No 1993 all 1984 21 ail Loss Factor Kf (lb-mole/yr) average of all orientations = 7307 average of all orientations = 8396 = 7852 = 593612 = Z e f C ,n f calibration Data `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Orientation (in degrees) O 45 90 Ftg No Test No SD2 SD-2 SD-2 D1 D2 D3 Loss Rate L (lbh) Test Liquid Temp., (T, O F ) P @ia) P* pa @sia) M" (dimension(lb/lb-mole) less) Average of ali orientations, test series I O 45 90 SD-2 SD-2 SD2 D4 D5 D6 Average of all orientations,test series II O 45 90 S D ~ SD2 SD2 D7 D8 D9 Average of all orientations, test series Ei Variables defined as for Table D-2A Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS L Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST Loss Factor Kf (lb-moldyr) PARTH-TANK SEALS AND FIITINGSCERTIFICATION-ADMINISTRATION Statistical Calculations: - = the mean of the loss factors for the calibration test series, K p j Xcai III - Xcai = '=I "cai ncd = the number of calibrationtest series, ncd = 3, Sta, = the mean s q u a d e m r of the calibration test series 111 C( K p j - geai)* 'cai S : = j=r ("cal - 1) = thepledvariance t = the test statistic `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Degrees of W o r n for the student's t-distribution: (nmf+ ncd - 2) The calibration test is acceptableif r -2) Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST 39 APPENDIX E-RANGE E.l OF VARIATION IN DEVICE DESCRIPTION General a The total length of seams or area of openings b The presence or absence of gaskets c The area of liquid surface tributary to openings or seams d Whether openings or seams are in contact with the liquid surface This appendix provides procedures for evaluating variations in the description of devices proposed for protocol testing Device descriptions shall be evaluated for two purposes The first is to determine whether the device is substantially similar to any other devices that the petitioner has submitted for protocol testing The second purpose is to iden* requirements for the construction of the test device In each case, the evaluation shall assess the configuration or arrangement of parts, the tolerance on dimensions, and the substitutions of material that may be associated with the device Greater care in the fabrication or assembly of the device than that specified in the description of the device or controlled by the written installation procedure shall not constitute a substantive difference E.2.2 E.2 Substantially Similar Devices A given device may consist of the same arrangement of parts as another, but differ in its dimensions Substantive dimensional differences would typically involve one of the following: The MI MPMS Chapter 19.3, Part F, Sections and require the results of all valid protocol tests of a device to be included in a certification petition, and the petitioner shall identify the device in sufficient detail to distinguish it from similar devices The testing laboratory is to communicate to AF'I the existence of any other protocol tests that may be deemed to be of the same device API may also require testing laboratories to furnish descriptions of other devices submitted by the same petitioner for protocol testing AF'I shall then review the differences claimed by the petitioner to determine whether any of these other devices are, in MI'Sjudgment, substantially similar to that included in the certification petition Should API determine that the petitioner has had protocol testing performed on substantially similar devices that have not been reported in the certification petition, the petition shall be deemed incomplete Certification petitions that are approved by API s h d result in the substantive distinguishing features being included in the physical description that is published with the certified loss factor for the device The determination of whether claimed differences are substantive will include the considerations discussed below E.2.1 DIMENSIONALTOLERANCES a The allowable size of gaps in seams or between parts b The height of openings or seams above the liquid surface c The diameter of sleeves or wells Differences in the thickness of material or in the size or spacing of fasteners shall not constitute a substantive M e r ence unless shown to cause a change in the fit-up of the device E.2.3 SUBSTITUTIONS OF MATERIAL Substitutions of material would typically only constitute a substantive difference if the change involved a difference in the permeability of the component to hydrocarbon vapors E.3 Construction of the Test Device Chapter 19.3, Part F, 4.2 requires the petitioner to i d e n w the range of variation in the device description that is to be included in the certification of the loss factor This range includes acceptable tolerances on dimensions, alternate arrangements of the parts, and substitutions of material API shall review the range for each parameter and select the dimensions and materials that must be used in the test device in order to certify the entire range The options expected to result in the greater rate of evaporative loss would typically be selected ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS A given device is typically comprised of certain components assembled in a particular arrangement In order for a difference in the configuration or arrangement of the components to constitute a substantially different device, it would typically involve a change in one of the following: `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - 41 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST ' APPENDIX F-STEADY STATE CONDITIONS wai= L tmi F.1 General The test methods of the API MPMS Chapter 19.3, Parts A through E, specify that the test data to be used in calculating the evaporative loss rate shall be measured during a period of a steady rate of weight loss This requirement is in recognition of the potential for initial loss rates to be unstable for high loss-rate devices, in that rapid cooling of the test liquid surface during initial evaporation may cause a decay in the rate of evaporation This appendix provides a method of evaluating whether observed loss rates are steady for the weight loss test methods of Chapter 19.3, Parts A and E The term steady, in this context, is understood to mean a nearly-linear rate of weight loss over time where: W,i = correlated, or fitted, value of corrected weight loss at time tmi,also known as ulci The coefficient of determination, 3, may be used as an indication of the proportion of variation in the data that is explained by the variable time, tmi F.3 Test for Stable Conditions Stable conditions are determined to have been achieved when the loss rate is substantially linear The stability of the loss rate may be estimated for a given period of time by calculating on the basis of the readings obtained during that period Stable conditions are adequately demonstrated when determined from six consecutive readings is greater than 0.95, or some other level approved by API The readings obtained during and subsequent to the period in which stability is demonstrated shall then constitute the test data for that test F.2 Determination of Uncertainty in the Loss Rate `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Section B.3.4 summarizes the determination of the loss rate, L, by a linear regression of the corrected weight loss, WCi, on time, tmi, resulting in a correlated, or fitted,weight loss, wai 43 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST APPENDIX G-DE M/N/M/SLOSS FACTOR G.l General The petitioner also has the option of having the device retested using a test apparatus capable of measuring lower rates of loss, if such equipment is available and certified for use at a certified testing laboratory A lower minimum detect level may be achieved by using more sensitive instruments or equipment, instruments characterized by lower drift rates, or some other change in the test apparatus If the results of the retest, using a more sensitive test apparatus, are again determined to be below the minimum detect level, then the petitioner may apply for certification at the lower de minimis value If the loss rates measured in the retest are above the minimum detect level of the more sensitive test apparatus, then the petitioner may submit these test results with a certification petition for a device-specificloss factor All of the test results for the same device must be submitted with the certification petition, as discussed in E.2 of Appendix E In the event that the measured loss rates are below the minimum detect level for one or more test apparatus, however, the petitioner may designate which test apparatus the certificationpetition is to be based on only the results of tests using that test apparatus will be included in the data base for calculating the certified loss factor The test methods of the API MPMS Chapter 19.3, Parts A through E, are not valid for measuring loss rates lower than the specified tolerance of the instruments or, for weight loss methods, the observed drift of the load cells or scales Such a lower bound on the vaiidity of the test method may be termed a minimum detect level of the test apparatus The testing laboratory shall determine and record the minimum detect level for each test apparatus certified for use at its facility `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - G.2 Loss Rates below the Minimum Detect Level When the measured loss rate for a device is below the minimum detect level for the test apparatus, the petitioner may, at its discretion, submit a certificationpetition documenting that the loss rate for the device is below the minimum detect level If API determines that the certification petition is in every other respect correct and complete, then the device shall be certified as having a loss factor equal to the minimum detect level The listing of the device in API’s publication of certified loss factors shall duly note that the test results for the device were below the minimum detect level 45 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST APPENDIX H-UNCERTAINTY H.l IN THE CERTIFIED LOSS FACTOR General H.2 Calculation Procedure This procedure is illustrated for deck fittings in Table H-1 The nominal O mph wind speed includes all test results at wind speeds less than 0.5 mph, and the nominal 10 mph wind speed to be used in the evaluation of deck fittings is 8.5 mph The reference value to be used in Table H-1 is selected from Table H-2 for the appropriate deck-fitting description and wind speed The results of all tests at the specified wind speed for the device in question are then filled in on Table H-1, and the statistical calculations performed If the absolute value of the test statistic, t, is less than or equal to the student's f-distribution, to.975, n-l, then there is no difference at that wind speed between the reference value and the average value for the tested device, at a 0.05 level of significance This appendix provides the procedure to be used in estimating the 95% uncertainty parameters of the certified loss factor, as required by the API MPMS Chapter 19.3, Part F, Section The uncertainty shall be calculated in relation to the reference value for the generic version of the device in question, by testing the null hypothesis that there is no differencebetween the reference value and the average of the test data, a& a 0.05 level of significance Reference values at a given wind speed shall be the average of the API test values used in the development of the generic loss factors, when available, rather than the predicted values fromthe loss factor equation The test for difference shall be applied at the nominal O mph wind speed level for every device, and additionally at the nominal 10 mph wind speed level for devices to be certified for use with external floating roofs Table H-l-Comparison to the Generic Loss Factor Wmd Speed = mph Deck Fitting Description Reference Value Loss Factor Kf(lb-moldy) Reference value from Table H-2 for this deck fitting description at this wind speed = Test Data Test F'rog Ftg No Test No Loss Rate L (lbh) Test Liquid Temp., (T, "F) P @ia) P* Pa @ia) where Loss Rate, = the slope of the conelated weight _ss curve, from the test data (ibh) (T, "F) = the average temperatureof the test liquid, from the test data ("F) P = the true vapor pressure of the test liquid @ia) ~ [ "I P = exp A - p P (T,OR) where (T, "R) is the temperatwe of the test liquid ("R);(ZOR) = (T, "F)+ 459.67, A,, is a constant (dimensionless).A,, = 13.8% for n-hexane, ifpis a constant ("R) ilp = 6907.2 ("R) for n-hexane Pa = the average atmosphericpressure, from the test data @ia) P* is a vapor pressure function (dimensionless) p* = (P/Pa) { + [ - (P/Pa)10.5}2 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS 47 Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST (dimensionlessì Mv Loss Factor (ib/lb-mole) Kf (lb-moldy) 48 CHAPTER 19.3-EVAPOFtATIVE LOSS MEASUREMENT M, = the molecular weight of the test liquid vapor, assumed to be 86.2 Ib/ib-mole for technical grade n-hexane (lb/ib-mole) Loss Factor, Kf = the normalized loss rate on a yearly basis (lb-moldyr) K, = L x (24hrlday) x (365.25daydyr) ( P * ) x (M,) Statistical Calculations: = the arithmetic average (mean) of the loss factors, KB `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - x n S = the mean squared error, n (S /n) =the unbiased estimate of variance t = the test statistic t = - (=~ c-l o- ( J G e Ix-FOl - ( h o l fin s/(&) where po = the reference value There is no difference at this wind speed between the reference value and the average value for the tested device, at a 0.05 level of significance, if: t I to,975,- Fitting ReferenceValues Table H-2-Deck ~ ~ O mph Deck Fitting Description Fitting No Test No 8.5 mph Ref Value (lb-moldy) Test No Ref Value (lb-moldy) Access hatches 44R 56R a 35.62 30.74 1.60 - a a a a a 31.00 35.00 10.00 47.00 33.00 da da da da da unbolted, ungasketed cover unbolted, gasketed cover bolted, gasketed cover 11 15 215 219 14.09 4.16 2.80 43R 55R weighted lid, ungasketed weighted lid, gasketed slit fabric seal (10% open area) 13 213 217 41R 53R - a 2.29 0.46 12.00 weighted lid, ungasketed weighted lid, gasketed 10 14 214 218 7.61 6.04 42R 54R unbolted, ungasketed cover unbolted, gasketed cover bolted, gasketed cover 12 16 - 216 220 pipe column; ungasketed sliding cover pipe column;gasketed sliding cover pipe column;flexible-fabnc sleeve seai built-up column; ungasketed sliding cover built-up column; gasketed sliding cover - a 97.14 84.60 1.60 Fixed-roofmpport columns Gauge floats (automatic gauge) - a a 63.27 41.38 2.80 Gauge hatch I sample ports Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST 2.44 0.74 da 48.46 15.35 PART H-TANK SEALS AND Table HP-Deck F I ~ I N GCERTIFICATION-ADMINISTRATION S 49 Fitting ReferenceValues (Continued) O mph `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Deck Fitting Description Fitting No Test No 8.5 muh Ref Value Ob-molvrì Test No Ref Value íib-moldvrì Deck drains 3-inch diameter, open 3-inch diameter (10% open area) 1-inch diameter, open Deck 1egs-m íype Deck legs-EFR type, double deck & center area of pontoon deck ungasketed, no sock gasketed, no sock with sock, no gasket Deck legs-EFR type, pontoon area of pontoon deck ungasketed, no sock gasketed, no sock with sock, no gasket 21 22 - 221 222 - a - 229R 1.43 1.80 1.20 a 7.90 9.38 2.74 da 0.81 0.50 0.50 88 225 230 31 1.97 1.32 1.16 65R & 65RR 89 90 4.20 1.52 1.73 0.70 0.70 a 16.00 1.60 a a 77 79 da a a 1.20 0.70 0.70 Rim vents weighted pallet, ungasketed weighted pallet, gasketed - a ungasketed sliding cover gasketed sliding cover - a a 76.00 56.00 da da Unslotted guidepoie ungasketed sliding cover, no wiper or sleeve gasketed sliding cover, no wiper 01 sleeve 18 27 27 z11 30.48 24.32 18 31 ungasketed sliding cover with sleeve; no wiper gasketed sliding cover with sleeve; no wiper 28 19 210 zó 24.36 8.44 32 19 gasketed sliding cover with wiper; no sleeve 17 z5 13.39 17 ungasketed sliding cover; no float, wiper, or sleeve gasketed sliding cover; no float, wiper, or sleeve 25 21 212 44.51 39.77 5b 29b ungasketed sliding cover; float-no gasketed sliding cover; float-no 26 23 29 35.11 25.04 7b 26b & 23 22 24,223 16.00 20.58 Sb 8b, 78b Col, 24,29 CBI 42,224,232 a a Vertical ladders 4153.62 1064.68 157.68 80.36 39.13 Slotted guidepole wiper or sleeve wiper or sleeve gasketed sliding cover; sleeve-no float or wiper gasketed sliding cover, float & wiper-no sleeve gasketed sliding cover; float, sleeve, & wiper 10.79 yest data not available-reference values taken from the API MPMS, Chapter 19.2 %est no.repments a series of tests at muitipie orientations Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST CBI 3b SOb, 86b 6297.51 4699.93 4095.49 2117.61 1971.76 490.75 76.74 APPENDIX I-METRIC 1.3 Pressure 1.1 General To convert the inch pound units employed in the text to equivalent SI units of the International System of Units, the guidelines of the API MPMS, Chapter 15 shall be followed The pertinent conversion factors are summarized in Table I- below The unit of length is either the kilometer, km,or the meter, m.The unit of mass is the kilogram, kg The unit of time is either the hour, hr, or the year, yr The unit of temperature is the degree Celsius, O C , or the kelvin, K The unit of electromotive force is the volt, v The unit of pressure is the kilopascal, W u 1.4 The unit of velocity is the kilometer per hour, km/h Conversion Table To convert from: To: Multiply: foot mile meter (m) kilometer (km) (Length, fi) (Length, mi) x x 3.048 1.609344 E-O1 E+OO pound degrees Fahrenheit kilogram (kg) degrees Celsius ("C) (Mass, 1b) x 4.535 924 E-O1 [(Temperufure,OF)-321 x 51~ degrees Rankine kelvin o() (Temperafure,"RI x 54 Velocity mile per hour kilometer per hour (kmm) (Velocity, mph) x 1.609344 E+OO pressure lbf I in2 absolute kilopascal @Pa) x 6.894151 E+OO Loss Factor pound-mole I year kilogram-moleI year (kmol/yr) (Pressure,psia) ( h s s Fucror, lb-moldyr) x 4.535924 E-O1 Length Mass Temperature 51 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Table I-1-Metric LOSS Factors The text employs the pound-mole per year, designated lbmoidyr, as the unit of loss rate The loss rate is determined as the product of the dimensionless coefficients, P* and K , , times a loss factor (Kfor Kr ) as described in 3.2.2 The loss factor (Kfor Kr ), while not a loss rate, is also expressed as Ibmoidyr The equivalent SI unit for the loss rate and the loss factor is the kilogram-mole per year, designated kmoVyr As with inch pound units, the loss factor in kmoVyr must be multiplied by the dimensionless coefficientsP* and Kc to obtain a loss rate in kmoVyr 1.2 Velocity Quantity UNITS APPENDIX J-BIBLIOGRAPHY Following is a list of related references not cited in the text Publ 2519 API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 19.1, “Evaporative Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks” Std 653 Tank Inspection, Repail; Alteration, and Reconstruction Publ 2517 Evaporative Loss from External FloatingRoof Tanks Publ2517A Addendum to API Publication 2517Evaporative Loss from External FloatingRoof Tanks Publ 2518 Evaporative Loss from Fixed-Roof Tanks Evaporation Loss from Internal FloatingRoof Tanks ASTM2 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics E 1187 Terminology Relating to Laboratory Accreditation E 1267 Guide for ASTM Standard SpeciJication Quality Statements E 1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying ASTM Test Methods 2Amencan Society for Testin and Materiais, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,Pennsylvaniaf9428 53 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - E456 Invoice TO - Li Check here if same as “ShipTo” Ship To - (UPSwill not deliver to a PO.Box) Company: Company: Nammept.: Name/DepL: pddros: Address: City: starnovince: City: StaWProvince: Zip: Country: Zip: Country: Customer Daytime Telephone No.: Customer Daytime Telephone No.: tl Payment Enclosed tl Please Bill Me `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - tl Payment By Charge Account: MasterCard tl Visa O American Expm CustomerAccount No.: Account No.: maiiedto the following states: AL, AR,Cï,DC,FL, GA,& IN,JA,KS,iíY,ME,MD,M4Mi,MN,MO,NE, NJ,NY, NC,ND,OH,PA,RI,SC, TN,TX, Vr,VA,W, and Wi.Prepayment of orders shipped to these states should indude applicable sales tax unlm a purchaser is exempt if exempt, please print your stare exemption number and endos a copy of the nirrent exemphn eeitifice Name (As It Amears on Card): ExpirationDate: Exemption Number: Signature: Quantity State: Tatal Order Number Title H1903A MPMS Chapter 19.3, Parta, Wad T m e i Test Method-4eck4ïïloss Factos for Extenr;al Ioaih&Roof Tarnks 75.00 Hi9036 MPMS Chapter 19.3, Pad4 At+ C o w o n Test Nethoú-h sealloss Factors for MemaiHoa&?RoofTanb 75.00 Hi903E MPMS Chapter 19.3,Part loss Test NeilwbDeakF~LossFactos for lntemd Uoaiing#oof T;snks 75.00 H1903F MPMS Chapter 19.3, Part6 Evaporative Loss Fadots for Stmge Tanks CeMcaüon fhgram $ 40.00 H1903G MPMS Chapter 19.3,Part 6, CerüđedlossFactor Tes@íaborafow RegSiratron W m for UPSNext Day, add an additional 10% of order value Rush Shipping Charge Unit Price SO* s 40.00 Rush Shipping Charge (see i&) - FedEx, $10 UPS in addition customer providing FedEx account number Next Day, $10 plus the actudshipping costs (1-9 items) to Shipping and Handling (see i&) UPS Second Day, add $10 plus the actual shippingcosts (1-9 items) - 1-9 items, Over items, add $1eachaccount for every additional item Nom: Sb@ing on fweign wders cannot be rushed witbout F& number Rush Bulk Orders * r o b e Total (in US.Dollars) $10 ~ a n ~ a ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I > b c e a m e a k m n r k ~ ~ ~ ail orders: American Petroleum Institute, Order Desk, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, DC 200054070 Fax Orders: (202) 962-4776 Phone Orders: (202) 682-8375 To better serve you, please refer to this code when ordering: Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST 111141131 mm 121191ml The American Petroleum Institute provides additional resources and programs to industry which are based on API Standards For more information, contact: Training and Seminars Ph: 202-682-8490 F a : 202-682-8222 Inspector Certification Programs Ph: 202-682-8161 F a : 202-962-4739 American Petroleum Institute Quality Registrar Ph: 202-962-4791 F a : 202-682-8070 Monogram Licensing Program Ph: 202-962-4791 Fax: 202-682-8070 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System Ph: 202-682-8233 F a : 202-962-4739 Petroleum Test Laboratory Accreditation PrÕgram Ph: 202-682-8064 F a : 202-962-4739 In addition, petroleum industry technical, patent, and business information is available online through M I EnCompass” Call 212-366-4040 or fax 212-366-4298 to discover more To obtain a free copy of the API Publications, Programs, and Services Catalog, call 202-682-8375 or fax your request to 202-962-4776 Or see the online interactive version of the catalog on our World Wide Web site http://www api.org `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST American Petroleum Institute Helping You Get The Job Done Right `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - PE4130W8-1.25C Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST Additional copies available from API Publications and Distribution: (202) 682-8375 Information about API Publications, Programs and Services is available on the World Wide Web at: http://w.api.org American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, D.C 20005-4070 202-682-8000 `,,,,,``,`,,,`,,,`,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` - Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Licensee=Technip Abu Dabhi/5931917101 Not for Resale, 02/22/2006 01:07:01 MST Order No H1903H