Astm stp 1508 2009

Journal of ASTM International Special Technical Publication STP 1508 Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics 36th Volume Richard W Neu Kim R W Wallin Steven R Thompson Guest Editors In cooperation with ESIS Journal of ASTM International Special Technical Publication STP1508 Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics: 36th Volume Guest Editors: Richard W Neu Kim R W Wallin Steven R Thompson ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 Printed in U.S.A ASTM Stock #: STP1508 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: 978-0-8031-3416-4 ISSN: 1040-3094 Copyright © 2009 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA All rights reserved This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use, or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use of specific clients, is granted by ASTM International (ASTM) provided that the appropriate fee is paid to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9634; online: http://www.astm.org/copyright The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions expressed in this publication ASTM International does not endorse any products represented in this publication Peer Review Policy Each paper published in this special issue was evaluated in accordance with the JAI review process The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editors, but also the work of the peer reviewers In keeping with long-standing publication practices, ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers The ASTM International Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM International Citation of Papers When citing papers from this publication, the appropriate citation includes the paper authors, ‘‘paper title’’, J ASTM Intl., volume and number, Paper ID, DOI, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, Paper, year listed in the footnote to the paper A citation is provided as a footnote on page one of each paper Printed in Bridgeport, NJ October, 2009 Foreword THIS SPECIAL ISSUE OF JAI, Special Technical Publication STP 1508, Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics: 36th Volume, contains papers presented at the Seventh International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture 共36th ASTM National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics兲 held November 14-16, 2007 in Tampa, Florida The symposium was jointly sponsored by ASTM International Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and the European Structural Integrity Society 共ESIS兲 The symposium was co-chaired by Dr Richard W Neu of Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, Dr Kim R W Wallin of the Academy of Finland, Finland, and Mr Steven R Thompson of Air Force Research Laboratory, USA Contents Overview ix Swedlow Lecture Analysis of Material Inhomogeneity in the European Round Robin Fracture Toughness Data Set J A Joyce and X Gao Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics The Significance of a Crack Growth Law for a C(T) Fracture Specimen Undergoing Stable Crack Extension J R Donoso, K Vasquez, and J D Landes Assessing the Loading Rate for a Fracture Toughness Test in the Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Region E Lucon and M Scibetta Experimental Estimation of J-R Curves from Load-CMOD Record for SE„B… Specimens X.-K Zhu, B N Leis, and J A Joyce On the Quantification of the Constraint Effect Along a Three-Dimensional Crack Front X Wang 33 54 66 87 Residual Stress Effects on Fatigue Influence of Residual Stresses on Fretting Fatigue Life Prediction in Ti-6Al-4V P J Golden, D Buchanan, and S Naboulsi Fatigue Response of Aluminum Aircraft Structure under Engineered Residual Stress Processing K Langer, S VanHoogen, and J Hoover, II Influence of the Peening Intensity on the Fatigue Behavior of Shot Peened Titanium Components H Leitner, B Oberwinkler, H.-P Gaenser, and M Stoschka Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Shot-Peened Ti-6Al-4V and IN100 S Mall, J L Ng, and E Madhi Prediction of the Fatigue Limit of Prestrained Carbon Steel Under Tensile Mean Stress M Kang, K Irisa, Y Aono, and H Noguchi Practical Challenges Testing Coupons with Residual Stresses from Cold Expanded Holes L Reid and J Ransom The Influence of Residual Stresses on the Fatigue Strength of Cold-Formed Structural Tubes S Heinilä, T Björk, and G Marquis The Influence of Residual Stress on the Design of Aircraft Primary Structure D L Ball Elastic-Plastic Finite-Element Analyses of Compression Precracking and Its Influence on Subsequent Fatigue-Crack Growth Y Yamada, J C Newman, III, and J C Newman, Jr 105 122 134 147 164 183 200 216 240 Compression Precracking to Generate Near Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Rates in an Aluminum and Titanium Alloy J J Ruschau and J C Newman,Jr 257 Residual Stress Effects on Fracture Test Results from Round Robin on Precracking and CTOD Testing of Welds S M Graham and R Stanley Evaluation of Residual Stress Effects on Brittle Fracture Strength Based on Weibull Stress Criterion Y Yamashita and F Minami Evaluation of Residual Stress Corrections to Fracture Toughness Values M R Hill and J E VanDalen Impact of Residual Stress and Elastic Follow-Up on Fracture C J Aird, S Hadidi-Moud, C E Truman, and D J Smith 275 312 340 355 Multiscale and Physics-Based Approaches Focused Ion Beam as New Tool for Local Investigations of the Interaction of Microcracks with Grain Boundaries M Marx, W Schaef, M Welsch, and H Vehoff An Examination of Fatigue Initiation Mechanisms in Thin 35Co-35Ni-20Cr-10Mo Medical Grade Wires J E Schaffer Statistical Analysis of Fatigue Related Microstructural Parameters for Airframe Aluminum Alloys M Liao, K Chisholm, and M Mahendran Multi-Scale Approach to the Fatigue Crack Propagation in High-Strength Pearlitic Steel Wires J Toribio, B González, J C Matos, and F J Ayaso Effect of Inhomogeneity in Aligned Grains on Creep-Fatigue Crack Opening and Propagation Behavior of Directionally Solidified Superalloy M Yamamoto, T Kitamura, and T Ogata Hydrogen/Plasticity Interactions at an Axial Crack in Pipeline Steel M Dadfarnia, P Sofronis, B P Somerday, and I M Robertson 377 402 416 439 459 474 Reactor Components and Materials Experimental Study of the Fracture Toughness Transferability to Pressurized Thermal Shock Representative Loading Conditions M Scibetta, J Schuurmans, and E Lucon Introducing Heterogeneity into Brittle Fracture Modeling of a 22NiMoCr37 Ferritic Steel Ring Forging X Zhao, D Lidbury, J Quinta da Fonseca, and A Sherry Stress-Triaxiality in Zr-2.5Nb Pressure Tube Materials B W Leitch and S St Lawrence 499 518 540 Fatigue Crack Growth Effect of Prestrain on Fatigue Crack Growth of Age-Hardened Al 6061-T6 K Ikematsu, T Mishima, Minwoo Kang, Y Aono, and H Noguchi Analysis of Crack Growth at Rⴝⴚ1 Under Variable Amplitude Loading on a Steel for Railway Axles M Carboni, S Beretta, and M Madia 561 574 Laser Generated Crack-Like Features Developed for Assessment of Fatigue Threshold Behavior 592 A T Nardi and S L Smith Elevated Temperature and Environmental Effects Biaxial Loading Effect on Higher-Order Crack Tip Parameters V N Shlyannikov, B V Ilchenko, and N V Boychenko Comparison of the Temperature and Pre-Aging Influences on the Low Cycle Fatigue and Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue Behavior of Copper Alloys „CuCoBe/ CuCo2Be… H Koeberl, G Winter, H Leitner, and W Eichlseder 609 641 Components and Structures Carrying Capacity Prediction of Steam Turbine Rotors with Operation Damage V N Shlyannikov, B V Ilchenko, and R R Yarullin Fatigue Crack Growth in Open and Nut-Loaded Bolts with and without Pretension Loading R V Prakash and A Bagla In-situ Fatigue Damage Investigations in Welded Metallic Components by Infrared Techniques J Medgenberg and T Ummenhofer Fatigue Crack Growth in Integrally Stiffened Panels Joined Using Friction Stir Welding and Swept Friction Stir Spot Welding D A Burford, B M Tweedy, and C A Widener Mechanical Evaluation of Mixed As-Cast and Friction Stir Processed Zones in Nickel Aluminum Bronze A Nolting, L M Cheng, and J Huang Fatigue Behavior of Adhesively Bonded Aluminium Double Strap Joints A E Nolting, P R Underhill, and D L DuQuesnay A Simplified Modeling Approach for Predicting Global Distortion in Large Metallic Parts Caused by the Installation of Interference Fit Bushings R D Widdle,Jr., L C Firth, and P W Reed A Concept for the Fatigue Life Prediction of Components from an Aluminum-Steel Compound A Lamik, H Leitner, W Eichlseder, and F Riemelmoser Impact Fatigue Failure Investigation of HVOF Coatings C N David, M A Athanasiou, K G Anthymidis, and P K Gotsis 659 672 695 719 743 761 778 794 814 Author Index 825 Subject Index 827 Overview This book compiles the work of several authors who made presentations at the Seventh International ASTM/ESIS Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture (36th ASTM National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics), sponsored by ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) The symposium was held on November 14-16, 2007, in conjunction with the November 12-13, 2007 standards development meetings of ASTM Committee E08 The symposium opened with the Jerry L Swedlow Memorial Lecture given by James A Joyce of the U.S Naval Academy Following his lecture, several papers on related topics involving elastic-plastic fracture mechanics were presented Many of the papers presented in the symposium focused on one of three major themes: residual stress effects on fatigue and fracture, multiscale and physics-based approaches, and reactor components and materials Each of these areas presents their own challenges to the development and application of engineering approaches to predict the structural integrity and remaining life of systems A major highlight of the symposium was the extensive number of papers on residual stress effects ASTM Committee E08 recognizes that residual stresses, both intentionally-applied and manufacturing-induced, can have a significant effect on properties used in durability and damage tolerance design methodologies These papers aim to ensure that testing standards are robust enough to meet users’ needs In addition to the major themes, other papers cover the latest research in fatigue crack growth, and in understanding and predicting the effects of elevated temperatures and environment Finally, several papers deal with fatigue and fracture of specific components, joining methods, surface treatments, and coatings Richard W Neu Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kim R W Wallin Academy of Finland Espoo, Finland Steven R Thompson Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA ix DAVID ET AL ON IMPACT FATIGUE FAILURE OF HVOF COATINGS 817 FIG 2—共a兲 Working principle of the impact testing, 共b兲 scanned impact craters, 共c兲 impact force signal, 共d兲 coating fatigue life curve criterion The failure was identified by EDX analysis inside the crater in terms of iron detection belonging to the substrate The proposed testing method has been proved to be repeatable regarding the coating fatigue strength identification, due to the fact that for each of the examined samples, a couple of experiments have been carried out in order to determine the fatigue curve From these experiments we observe that in all fatigue diagrams the resulted fatigue curves have the typical shape of fatigue life curves During the indentation of the impact ball in the crater, friction and microslip mainly exist at the intermediate area of the impact cavity and superficial abrasive wear also takes place there However, from the experimental analysis it is observed that coating failure in adhesive mode arises in this zone Although friction is present here, the result is that the induced shear and tensile stresses cause the coating fatigue Furthermore, coating failure occurs in the center of the impact cavity, where the friction due microslip is negligible and in the crater vicinity where no contact exists, as well Hence, it can be concluded that the major coating failure mechanism is the coating fatigue and the friction does not significantly affect the coating failure in this test Discussion of Experimental Results The main failure of the examined coating-substrate compounds occurred in the central zone of the impact crater with gradual coating degradation However, depending on the impact load amplitude the tensile and shear stresses in the 818 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS FIG 3—共a兲 Microhardness measurement of the WC-CoCr/ P91 steel layered compound, 共b兲 SEM and white light interferometry image of the impact crater and EDX analysis indicating the WC-CoCr coating failure 共cohesive failure mode兲, 共c兲 WC-CoCr fatigue life curve DAVID ET AL ON IMPACT FATIGUE FAILURE OF HVOF COATINGS 819 FIG 4—共a兲 Microhardness measurement of the Ni20% Cr/ P91 steel layered compound, 共b兲 SEM image of the impact crater with coating microcracks and EDX analysis indicating the Ni20% Cr coating failure 共adhesive failure mode兲, 共c兲 Ni20% Cr fatigue life curve 820 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS FIG 5—共a兲 Microhardness measurement of the CrC25% Ni/ P91 steel layered compound, 共b兲 SEM image of impact crater with total coating removal after · 105 impact cycles at 600 N impact force and magnified SEM image with coating microcracks inside the crater at lower impact force 550 N, 共c兲 CrC25% Ni fatigue life curve DAVID ET AL ON IMPACT FATIGUE FAILURE OF HVOF COATINGS 821 FIG 6—Comparison of the impact fatigue curves of the examined HVOF thermal spray coatings intermediate zone of the impact crater take high values In this case microcracks propagate and sheet-like debris of the coating layer 共flakes兲 can occur Figure 3共a兲 illustrates the cross section of the examined WC-CoCr thermal spray coating deposited on P91 steel substrate The microhardness value 共520 HV兲 indicates the relatively high wear resistance of this coating Furthermore, the observed homogeneous coating microstructure, in relation with its composition, is responsible for the high coating toughness In Fig 3共b兲 the impact crater is depicted by SEM and white light interferometry images The EDX analysis, inside the crater, indicates the coating cohesive failure initiation in local regions, where Fe belonging to the steel substrate is detected The fatigue strength evaluation of this coating, after the conclusion of the necessary experiments to find out the coating fatigue curve, is outlined in Fig 3共c兲 From the results it is concluded that the coating sustains the dynamic impact load to high cycles, presenting also enhanced fatigue limit 共200 N兲 The overall coating behavior can be attributed to the enhanced fracture toughness of this coating and the perfect adhesion with the substrate However, superficial abrasive wear as reported in other works 关8兴 has been observed Particular attention was paid also to the coating adhesive failure mode, which occurs in the coating-substrate interfacial zone This kind of failure has been observed by the investigation of the Ni20% Cr coating compound 共Fig 4共a兲兲 关9兴 High tensile and shear stresses developed in the intermediate vicinity of the impact crater, due to the plastic deformation of the substrate, have initiated the development of a large number of microcracks and caused thereby Experiments 24 19 19 Coatings WC-CO Ni20% Cr CrC25% Ni adhesive adhesive Failure Mode cohesive brittle ductile Behavior ductile good poor Bonding with Substrate perfect medium small Fatigue Strength high 100 N 100 N Fatigue Limit 200 N TABLE 2—Fatigue strength evaluation of the investigated coating steel layered compounds Failure Mechanism Micro chipping, gradual degradation Large macro cracks in the interface and coating removal in flakes Coating micro cracks and intrinsic coherence release 822 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS DAVID ET AL ON IMPACT FATIGUE FAILURE OF HVOF COATINGS 823 the coating abruption and the substrate exposure 共Fig 4共b兲兲 Microcracks arise inside the coating layer and propagate perpendicular to its surface, when the coating is not tough enough to accommodate the stresses, induced by the ball indenter, and to follow the flexure and deformation of the substrate When the above damage mechanism is present, and in the case where the bonding of the coating with the substrate is faulty, adhesive failure takes place in the form of sheet-like debris Figure 4共c兲 outlines the fatigue life curve of this coating determined by impact testing Figure shows a typical example of adhesive fatigue failure as it has been observed at the brittle CrC25% Ni coating, which has considerably higher hardness 共Fig 5共a兲兲 in comparison to the previous one, Ni20% Cr In the magnified view of the failure area inside the impact cavity, microcracks are visible after · 105 impacts at 550 N indicating the coating failure initiation 共Fig 5共b兲 right part兲 At the same impact cycles with increased impact load 共600 N兲, the total removal of the coating and the exposure of the substrate is observed An overview of the fatigue strength of this coating is given in Fig 5共c兲 From the above experiments we conclude that the adhesive failure 共abrupt coating removal like flakes from the substrate兲 appears in low cycle fatigue at high impact force amplitude Instead of that cohesive failure occurs in high cycle fatigue at low impact force 共gradual coating degradation兲 Figure outlines the fatigue strength performance of the three examined thermal spray coatings by means of the experimental determined coating fatigue curves Apparently, the WC-CoCr coating demonstrates higher fatigue strength against cyclic impact loading in comparison to the other two HVOF coatings An overview of the fatigue strength of the examined coatings and their failure modes is presented in Table Conclusions The work presented here explores the impact testing method in understanding the failure mechanisms of HVOF thermal spray coatings and provides a feedback approach for optimizing the design of surface engineered components being used in cycle power plants 共steam turbine components兲 More specifically the paper reports the results of a novel experimental approach adopted to investigate the performance of HVOF coating systems and to deliver a reliable testing method for coating development The current impact testing investigations revealed the good fatigue strength of HVOF thermal spray coatings Acknowledgments The authors are greatly indebted to the Research Committee of the Technical University of Serres, Greece, for financing this research project 824 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS References 关1兴 关2兴 关3兴 关4兴 关5兴 关6兴 关7兴 关8兴 关9兴 Loeffler, F., “Methods to Investigate Mechanical Properties of Coatings,” Thin Solid Films, Vol 339, 1999, pp 181–186 Bouzakis, K., Vidakis, N., and David, K., “The Concept of an Advanced Impact Tester Supported by Evaluation Software for the Fatigue Strength Characterization of Hard Layered Media,” Thin Solid Films, Vol 351, 1999, pp 1–8 Bouzakis, K., David, K., Siganos, A., Leyendecker, T., and Erkens, G., “Investigation of the Fatigue Failure Progress of PVD Elastoplastic Coatings with Various Roughness During the Impact Testing,” International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films, San Diego, CA, 30 April 2001, p 116 Knotek, O., Bosserhoff, B., Schrey, A., Leyendecker, T., Lemmer, O., and Esser, S., “A New Technique for Testing the Impact Load of Thin Films: The Coating Impact Test,” Surf Coat Technol., Vol 54-55, 1992, pp 102–107 Bantle, R and Matthews, A., “Investigation Into the Impact Wear Behavior of Ceramic Coatings,” Surf Coat Technol., Vol 74-75, No Part 2, 1995, pp 857–868 David, C., Anthymidis, K., and Tsipas, D., “A Comparative Study of the Fatigue Resistance of Aluminide Coatings on P91 Steel Substrate Under Cyclic Impact Loading,” Particle and Continuum Aspects of Mesomechanics, ISTE Ltd., 2007, pp 721–728 David, C., Anthymidis, K., Agrianidis, P., and Tsipas, D., “Determination of the Fatigue Resistance of HVOF Thermal Spray WC-CoCr Coatings by Means of Impact Testing,” J Test Eval., Vol 35, No 6, 2007, pp 630–634 Ahmed, R., “Contact Fatigue Failure Modes of HVOF Coatings,” Wear, Vol 253, 2002, pp 473–487 Padilla, K., et al., “Fatigue Behavior of a 4140 Steel Coated with a NiMoAl Deposit Applied by HVOF Thermal Spray,” Surf Coat Technol., Vol 150, 2002, pp 151– 162 STP1508-EB/Oct 2009 825 Author Index A Aird, C J., 355-73 Anthymidis, K G., 814-23 Aono, Yuuta, 164-82, 561-73 Athanasiou, M A., 814-23 Ayaso, F J., 439-58 G Gaenser, H.-P., 134-46 Gao, Xiaosheng, 3-29 Golden, Patrick J., 105-21 González, B., 439-58 Gotsis, P K., 814-23 Graham, Stephen M., 275-311 B Bagla, Akash, 672-94 Ball, Dale L., 216-39 Beretta, S., 574-91 Björk, Timo, 200-15 Boychenko, N V., 609-40 Buchanan, Dennis, 105-21 Burford, Dwight A., 719-42 C H Hadidi-Moud, S., 355-73 Heinilä, Sami, 200-15 Hill, Michael R., 340-54 Hoover, Jeffery II, 122-33 Huang, James, 743-60 I Ikematsu, Koji, 561-73 Ilchenko, B V., 609-40, 659-71 Irisa, Kentaro, 164-82 Carboni, M., 574-91 Cheng, Leon M., 743-60 Chisholm, Kyle, 416-38 J Joyce, James A., 3-29, 66-86 D Dadfarnia, M., 474-95 da Fonseca, João Quinta, 518-39 David, C N., 814-23 Donoso, Juan R., 33-53 DuQuesnay, D L., 761-77 E Eichlseder, W., 641-56, 794-813 F Firth, Lee C., 778-93 Copyright© 2009 by ASTM International K Kang, Minwoo, 164-82, 561-73 Kitamura, Takayuki, 459-73 Koeberl, H., 641-56 L Lamik, A., 794-813 Landes, John D., 33-53 Langer, Kristina, 122-33 Leis, Brian N., 66-86 Leitch, B W., 540-57 Leitner, H., 134-46, 641-56, 794-813 Liao, Min, 416-38 Lidbury, David, 518-39 Lucon, E., 54-65, 499-517 www.astm.org 826 M Madhi, E., 147-63 Madia, M., 574-91 Mahendran, Mario, 416-38 Mall, Shankar, 147-63 Marquis, Gary, 200-15 Marx, M., 377-401 Matos, J C., 439-58 Medgenberg, Justus, 695-718 Minami, Fumiyoshi, 312-39 Mishima, Takuhiro, 561-73 N Naboulsi, Sam, 105-21 Nardi, Aaron T., 592-605 Newman, J C III, 240-56 Newman, J C., Jr., 240-56, 257-71 Ng, J L., 147-63 Noguchi, Hiroshi, 164-82, 561-73 Nolting, A E., 743-60, 761-77 O Oberwinkler, B., 134-46 Ogata, Takashi, 459-73 P Prakash, Raghu V, 672-94 R Ransom, Joy, 183-99 Reed, Paul W., 778-93 Reid, Len, 183-99 Riemelmoser, F., 794-813 Robertson, I M., 474-95 Ruschau, John J., 257-71 S Schaef, W., 377-401 Schaffer, Jeremy E., 402-15 Schuurmans, J., 499-517 Scibetta, M., 54-65, 499-517 Sherry, Andrew, 518-39 Shlyannikov, V N., 609-40, 659-71 Smith, D J., 355-73 Smith, Stephen L., 592-605 Sofronis, P., 474-95 Somerday, B P., 474-95 St Lawrence, S., 540-57 Stanley, Richard, 275-311 Stoschka, M., 134-46 T Toribio, J., 439-58 Truman, C E., 355-73 Tweedy, Bryan M., 719-42 U Ummenhofer, Thomas, 695-718 Underhill, P R., 761-77 V VanDalen, John E., 340-54 VanHoogen, Scott, 122-33 Vasquez, Katherine, 33-53 Vehoff, H., 377-401 W Wang, Xin, 87-102 Welsch, M., 377-401 Widdle, Richard D., Jr., 778-93 Widener, Christian A., 719-42 Winter, G., 641-56 Y Yamada, Y., 240-56 Yamamoto, Masato, 459-73 Yamashita, Yoichi, 312-39 Yarullin, R R., 659-71 Z Zhao, Xinglong, 518-39 Zhu, Xian-Kui, 66-86 STP1508-EB/Oct 2009 827 Subject Index A A1N steel, 574-91 AA6016-T4/FeP06, 794-813 ACR-method, 216-39 adhesive, 761-77 aircraft structures, 122-33 Al-alloy, 561-73 aluminum, 257-71, 340-54, 761-77 B Beremin model, 518-39 biaxial loading, 87-102, 609-40 brittle fracture, 312-39, 518-39 burst test, 540-57 bushing, 778-93 D damage tolerance, 574-91, 592-605 diffusion, 474-95 ductile-to-brittle transition region, 54-65 C carbon steel, 164-82 cladding, 761-77 cohesive-adhesive coating failure, 814-23 cold forming, 200-15 cold work, 778-93 common format, 33-53 compression, 240-56 compression loading, 257-71 compressive preloading, 312-39 constraint effects, 87-102 constraint loss, 312-39 constraint parameter, 609-40 crack closure, 240-56 crack extension, 66-86 crack growth, 105-21, 183-99, 257-71, 574-91, 659-71 crack initiation, 695-718 crack initiation parameter, 147-63 Copyright© 2009 by ASTM International crack mouth opening displacement 共CMOD兲, 66-86 crack propagation, 459-73 crack-tip field, 609-40, 659-71 crack-tip-opening displacement, 24056 creep-fatigue, 459-73 critical CTOD, 312-39 CRM device failure, 402-15 CRM wire, 402-15 crystal plasticity, 518-39 CTOD, 275-311 E edge crack panel, 719-42 elastic follow-up, 355-73 elastic plastic fracture, 33-53, 540-57 elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, 87-102 elastoplasticity, 474-95 energy based damage parameters, 641-56 F failure assessment diagram, 312-39 fatigue, 105-21, 134-46, 200-15, 257-71, 743-60, 761-77, 778-93 fatigue crack, 695-718 fatigue crack growth, 240-256, 377-401, 672-94 fatigue crack growth analysis, 216-39 www.astm.org 828 fatigue crack growth rate, 561-73, 719-42 fatigue damage, 402-15, 695-718 fatigue initiation, 402-15 fatigue life improvement, 183-99 fatigue limit, 164-82 fatigue microdamage, 439-58 fatigue prediction, 402-15 finite element, 761-77, 778-93 finite element analysis, 474-95 focused ion beam, 377-401 fracture assessment, 355-73 fracture process zone, 659-71 fracture toughness, 275-311, 340-54, 499-517 fracture toughness testing, 66-86 fretting, 105-21 fretting fatigue, 147-63 friction stir processing, 743-60 friction stir spot welding, 719-42 friction stir welding, 719-42 G grain boundary, 377-401 H hardening, 794-813 hardness, 164-82 high cycle fatigue, 402-15 high strength steel, 439-58 higher-order terms, 609-40 HVOF coatings, 814-23 hydrogen embrittlement, 474-95 I impact fatigue, 814-23 impact toughness tests, 54-65 interference fit, 778-93 J J-integral, 540-57 J-R curve, 66-86 L lap joint, 719-42 laser generated defects, 592-605 laser pre-cracking, 592-605 laser shock peening, 340-54 laser shock processing, 122-33 LGCLF, 592-605 life time, 659-71 lifetime model, 641-56 load-history effect, 240-56 load-line displacement 共LLD兲, 66-86 loading rate, 54-65 local compression, 275-311 loss of constraint, 499-517 low plasticity burnishing, 122-33 M marker band technique, 672-94 master curve, 499-517 material compound, 794-813 material model, 641-56 mean stress, 164-82 medical wire, 402-15 metal fatigue, 561-73 metallography, 743-60 microcracks, 377-401 microstructural heterogeneity, 51839 microstructure, 459-73 Mode II fatigue crack, 561-73 N NASGRO®, 574-91 nickel aluminum bronze, 743-60 nickel-based directionally solidified 829 superalloy, 459-73 nickel-based super alloy, 147-63 normalization, 33-53 nut-loaded bolts, 672-94 O open thread bolts, 672-94 P Paris’ Law, 439-58 pearlitic steel, 439-58 phase boundary, 377-401 pipeline, 474-95 plane strain, 609-40 plastic and creep strain, 659-71 plastic and creeping materials, 60940 plasticity, 240-56 precracking, 275-311 pressure tubes, 540-57 pressurized thermal shock, 499-517 prestrain, 164-82, 561-73 pretension loading, 672-94 Q-factors, 87-102 R R-curve, 340-54 railway axles, 574-91 reactor pressure vessel, 499-517 residual compressive stress field, 18399 residual stress, 105-21, 122-33, 164-82, 216-39, 257-71, 340-54, 355-73, 719-42 residual stresses, 200-15, 240-56 residual surface stress, 147-63 rolling reduction, 794-813 RPV steel, 518-39 S SE共B兲 specimen, 66-86 shot peening, 134-46, 147-63 simulation model, 794-813 split sleeve cold expansion, 183-99 stable crack growth, 33-53 stress intensity factor, 672-94 stress relaxation, 147-63 stress triaxiality, 540-57 structural design, 216-39 structural tubes, 200-15 surface cracked plate, 87-102 surface layer, 134-46 surface treatments, 105-21 T T-stress, 87-102 tensile, 743-60 tensile residual stress, 312-39 thermography, 695-718 threshold, 257-71 threshold stress intensity, 592-605 Ti-6Al-4V, 134-46 titanium, 257-71 titanium alloy, 147-63 transferability, 499-517 turbine rotor, 659-71 V variable amplitude loading, 574-91 W Weibull stress, 312-39 welds, 275-311 Z Zr-2.5Nb alloy, 540-57 www.astm.org Cover image courtesy of AFRL/RXSA ISBN: 978-0-8031-3416-4 Stock #: STP1508