Astm stp 600 1976

FRACTOGRAPHY— MICROSCOPIC CRACKING PROCESSES A symposium presented at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Montreal, Canada, 22-27 June 1975 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 600 C D Beachem and W R Warke, editors List price $27.50 04-600000-30 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa 19103 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Dec 21 11:19:15 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized ®by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1976 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-705 NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication Printed in Tallahassee, Fla June 1976 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Dec 21 11:19:15 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions author Foreword The Symposium on Fractography—Microscopic Cracking Processes was held at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Montreal, Canada, 22-27 June 1975 ASTM Committee E-24 on Fracture Testing of Metals sponsored the symposium C D Beachem, Naval Research Laboratory, and W R Warke, Illinois Institute of Technology, served as symposium cochairmen Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Dec 21 11:19:15 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authoriz Related ASTM Publications Application of Electron Microfractography to Materials Research, STP 493 (1971), $8.25,04493000-30 Progress in Flaw Growth and Fracture Toughness Testing, STP 536 (1973), $33.25,04-536000-30 Fracture Toughness and Slow-Stable Cracking, STP 559 (1974), $25.50, 04-559000-30 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Dec 21 11:19:15 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and, also, the unheralded efforts of the reviewers This body of technical experts whose dedication, sacrifice of time and effort, and collective wisdom in reviewing the papers must be acknowledged The quality level of ASTM publications is a direct function of their respected opinions On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their contribution ASTM Committee on Publications Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Dec 21 11:19:15 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further Editorial Staff Jane B Wheelei, Managing Editor Helen M Hoersch, Associate Editor Charlotte E DeFranco, Senior Assistant Editor Ellen J McGlinchey, Assistant Editor Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon Dec 21 11:19:15 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorize Contents Introduction TECHNIQUES Use of Fractography and Sectioning Techniques to Study Fracture Medianisms—R H V A N STONE A N D T B C O X Discussion Compariscm of Inclusion Distributions on Fracture Surfaces and in the Bulii of Carbon-Manganese Weldments— D E PASSOJA A N D D C H I L L 28 30 ENVIRONMENT Environmentally Induced Transitions in Fatigue Fracture Mode—W L MORRIS, J D F R A N D S E N , A N D H L MARCUS 49 Fractography as Related to Macrostructures in Stress Corrosion Cracked Welds in 5Ni-Cr-Mo Steel—E A METZBOWER, C T Fujii, AND J STOOP 62 Effects of Very Low Pressures on Fatigue Fracture Surface Features in Ti-6AL-4V—D A M E Y N 75 Discussion Fractography of the High Temperature Hydrogen Attack of a Medium Carbon Steel—H G NELSON AND R D MOORHEAD 87 88 MICROSTRUCTURE Relationship Between Mechanical Properties, Microstnicture, and Fracture Topography in a + /3 Titanium Alloys—J C CHESNUTT, C G RHODES, AND J C WILLIAMS 99 Fractography: Fracture Energy and Quantitative MetaUographic Correlation for Tungsten-Silver Composite Materials—W R WARKE A N D G J WITTER Fractographic Features in Eutectic Composites—N S 139 STOLOFF AND D J D U Q U E T T E 154 Discussion Fracture Feature Anisotropy in a Martensitic Steel Plate—R H SAILORS Copyright Downloaded/printed University 171 172 by by of STRESS Cyclic Plasticity of Copper at tlie Surface and in tlie Interior—YOSHIFUMI NAKANO AND B I SANDOR Discussion Micro-Medianistic Interpretation of Cyclic Crack Growtli Beliavior in 17-4 PH Stainless Steels—T W CROOKER, 193 203 D F HASSON, AND G R YODER 205 Character of Fatigue Fracture Surface Micromorphology in the Ultra-Low Growth Rate Regime—R W HERTZBERG AND W.J MILLS 220 A Fractographic Study of the Edge-Sliding Mode in Fracture Toughness Testing—D L JONES AND D B CHISHOLM Discussion 235 248 CLOSING REMARKS Clean Surfaces for Fractography—TASK GROUP E24.02 Summary Index Copyright Downloaded/printed University 251 254 257 by by of STP600-EB/Jun 1976 Introduction The increased usefulness of fractography in failure analysis and in helping us understand fracture properties depends upon increasingly more thorough and detailed investigations of the interrelationships between environment, stress, microstructure, and fracture surface characteristics This symposium brings together some of the advanced concepts of these variables in the general framework of fracture mechanics Cracking mechanisms and details of fracture surfaces of alloys cracked by fatigue, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen attack, and various overload stresses are reconsidered The relationships between microstructures and fracture properties are shown in several alloys Techniques of fractographic measurements and fracture surface cleaning are discussed This symposium is one of a series organized by ASTM Committee E-24 for the purpose of publicizing advances in fracture analysis techniques and knowledge of crack tip processes C D Beachem Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.; editor W R Warke Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicle, III; editor Copyright by Downloaded/printed Copyright 1976 University of ASTM Int'l (all rights by b y A S T M International www.astm.org Washington (University of reserved); Washington) Mon pursuant Dec 21 to Lic 246 FRACTOGRAPHY-MICROSCOPIC CRACKING PROCESSES FIG S-Fracture surface characteristics of the Mode II fracture initiation region in 2024-T4 aluminum shallow in comparison to all of the others presented in this paper An understanding for the existence of these shallow dimples can be gained from observation of Fig 8