Astm stp 608 1976

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN : MECHANICAL TESTING A symposium presented at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Montreal, Canada, 22-27 June 1975 ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 608 A K Schmieder, symposium chairman List price $14.50 04-608000-23 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND /AATERIALS # 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa 19103 )kCopyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 13:09:23 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1976 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-11471 NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication Printed in Lutherville-Timonium, Md Sept 1976 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 13:09:23 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authoriz Foreword The symposium on Recent Developments in Mechanical Testing was presented at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials held in Montreal, Canada, 22-27 June 1975 Committee E-28 on Mechanical Testing sponsored the symposium A K Schmieder, General Electric Company, presided as symposium chairman Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 13:09:23 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions auth Related ASTM Publications Instrumented Impact Testing, STP 563 (1974), $21.75, 04-563000-23 Evaluation of Wear Testing, STP 446 (1969), $7.75, 04-446000-23 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 13:09:23 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorized A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and, also, the unheralded efforts of the reviewers This body of technical experts whose dedication, sacrifice of time and effort, and collective wisdom in reviewing the papers must be acknowledged The quality level of ASTM publications is a direct function of their respected opinions On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their contribution ASTM Committee on Publications Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 13:09:23 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authoriz Editorial Staff Jane B Wheeler, Managing Editor Helen M Hoersch, Associate Editor Charlotte E DeFranco, Senior Assistant Editor Ellen J McGlinchey, Assistant Editor Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Sun Dec 27 13:09:23 EST 2015 Downloaded/printed by University of Washington (University of Washington) pursuant to License Agreement No further reproductions authorize Contents Introduction Evaluating Engineering Alloys in Compression—R CHAIT AND C H CURLL Loading and Specimen Considerations for Homogeneous Deformation Lubricants to Minimize End Effects Other Techniques Investigated to Minimize End Effects Recommendations and Closing Comments 12 Rational Basis and New Methods for Proportional Limit, Machine Stiffness, Critical Stress Intensity, and Crack Velocity Measurements—R B CLOUGH 20 Tensile Machine Kinetics in System Prior to Tightening and Alignment Tensile Machine Kinetics in a System Which is Aligned and Tightened Determination of Proportional Limit Proportional Limit Under Multiaxial Stress Stiffness of Constant Crosshead Velocity Machines Stiffness of Constant Load Rate Machines Stiffness of Constant Strain Rate Machines Machine Stiffness Effects on Load-Cycling Rate Sensitivity of the Stress Crack Motion Variability of Machine Stiffness Conclusion Discussion 22 23 24 26 28 30 31 33 35 40 40 42 Results of a Round Robin Test Program on Hardness Conversion of Ferritic Stainless Steels—T G HEBERLING 45 Round Robin Test Procedure Results Conclusions Subsequent ASTM Actions 46 47 52 53 Static Mean Stress and Cyclic Yield Strength—G F WEISSMANN AND J A DAVIS 55 WT-Bend Tester Test Results Summary and Conclusions 55 61 65 Use and Reproducibility of a Gage to Measure the Lateral Expansion of Charpy V-Notch Impact Specimens—j M HOLT Lateral Expansion Gage Copyright Downloaded/printed University by by of 67 68 Materials and Experimental Work Results and Discusaon Summary and Concluaons 71 75 88 Detomination of Plastic or Creep Stnuns by Grids—^M I MANJOINE Procedure Experimental Work Discussion Conclusion 91 92 97 100 104 Stress Relaxation in Bending—p PARIKH AND E SHAPIRO Test Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions 106 106 109 112 Comparison of Nfaranl to Automatic Unloading During Relaxation Tests— A K SCHMIEDER AND R S ROBINSON 118 Materials Tested Equipment Used Testing Procedure Procedure for Selecting the Magnitude of Stress Step Down Results of Tests Discussion Conclusions Copyright Downloaded/printed University 119 119 121 122 124 126 131 by by of STP608-EB/Sep 1976 Introduction Many areas of mechanical testing, such as fatigue, fracture toughness, and creep, have professional specialists in one area alone and an eflfective means of disseminating and preserving technical information in that area This symposium is designed to perform the same function for those areas which deal with data that are widely used but not require the attention of a professional specialist in each single area in most laboratories It follows that the person interested in one paper of this group will probably also be interested in several others The symposium seemed to be an efficient way of making this specialized information on a variety of subjects available to the rather limited group who would find it directly applicable to their work It is our hope that this publication will keep the information available for these people and for new people who will work with this group of tests in the future More specifically, this volume contains two papers related to tensile properties, two on relaxation, and one each on topics related to compression, hardness, and impact testing, and one on the use of grids to measure strain at elevated temperature The functional classifications are almost as numerous as the types of tests These are to: Preserve for the use of future task groups detailed information which was used to arrive at a current test standard or recommended practice Examples are the paper on hardness conversions and the paper on measurement of lateral expansion of impact specimens Provide a convenient reference which may be listed in revisions of recommended practices for the convenience of those that need more detailed information on the test methods Examples are the two papers on relaxation and that on compression Describe test methods which have been found to be useful as supplements or replacements for the methods published in the standards Examples are the papers on proportional limit, on cyclic yield strength, and on the use of strain grids at high temperatures Provide a comprehensive summary of a well-established area of testing An example is the paper on compression testing Copyright by Downloaded/printed Copyright*^ 1976 University of ASTM Int'l (all by by A S l Washington M International www.astm.org (University rights of reserved); Washington) Sun pursuant Dec 27 to 120 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MECHANICAL TESTING £-? • vo • O oo r4 IT) i n o o 88 o o •o o 00 ^ O r^ r j * Tt Os ^ 0\ r^ o v^ • -^ -H' d r j NO r- «o r- O O o ON m oo "n ãĐ O > ' ^ TEST NO, AUTOMATIC X ^ ^ \ \ TEST NO ^"^^-^^ t; ??n ~ _ E a: 15 01 I 10 100 000 TIME, HOURS FIGURE I COMPARISON OF MANUAL TO AUTOMATIC RELAXATION TESTS (Cont'd) FIG 1—Comparison of manual to automatic relaxation tests 1.98 - ST DOWN 12