Oleary2012Comp ppt ch05

Chapter 05: System Software McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Competencies 2) (Page of • Describe the differences between system software and application software • Discuss the four types of system software • Discuss the basic functions, features, and categories of operating systems • Describe Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux, and virtualization McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-2 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Competencies 2) (Page of • Describe the purpose of utilities and utility suites • Identify the five most essential utilities • Discuss Windows utility programs • Describe device drivers, including Windows’ Add a Device Wizard and Update McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-3 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Introduction • Computers are ubiquitous in our lives and we expect them to “be there when we need them” • We give little thought to the processes and programs running behind the scenes to keep them functioning effectively • Such programs (i.e operating systems, utility programs, and device drivers) are the system software you learn about here McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-4 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You System Software • Handles the technical details – Includes the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-5 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Operating Systems • A collection of programs that handle technical tasks, including managing computer resources • Every computer has an operating system (OS), such as Windows or Mac OS X • The OS provides the interface between the user and computer, and is required to run applications McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-6 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Functions of an Operating System • Manages computer resources – Coordinate memory, processing storage, and printers – Monitor system performance – Provide security – Start-up the computer • Provides user interface – Character-based interface – Graphical user interface (GUI) • Runs applications – Multitasking – Foreground and background applications McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-7 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Features of an Operating System • Booting • Features in common with application software – – – – – – McGraw-Hill Icons Pointers Windows Menus Dialog boxes Help Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-8 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Categories of Operating Systems • Hundreds of operating systems • Three basic categories – Embedded operating systems (handheld) – Network operating systems (linked computers) – Stand-alone operating systems (desktop) McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-9 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You More on Operating Systems • An OS is often called the software environment or platform • Operating systems commonly used by individuals – Windows – most widely used – Mac OS – powerful and easy to use – UNIX – network; originally designed for Web – LINUX – non proprietary; free from the Web McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-10 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You UNIX and LINUX • UNIX operating system – Originally designed to run on networked minicomputers • LINUX is a version of UNIX – Open source – Not proprietary McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-13 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Virtualization • Ability to support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine • Virtualization software – Physical machine can be logically separated into separate and independent virtual computers called virtual machines McGraw-Hill • Host operating system ã Guest operating system Copyright â 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-14 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Mobile Phone Operating Systems • Type of embedded operating system that is present in every smartphone • Some of the best known (with release dates): – – – – – McGraw-Hill Symbian (2009) BlackBerry OS or RIM OS (1999) iPhone OS (2007) Android (2007) Windows Phone (2010) Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-15 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Utilities • Specialized programs to make computing easier • Most essential utilities – – – – – McGraw-Hill Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs Antivirus programs Uninstall programs Backup programs File compression programs Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-16 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Windows Utilities • • • Backup and Restore Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-17 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Backup and Restore • Utility program included with many Windows versions • Makes a copy of all files or selected files that have been saved on a disk • Helps prevent against disk failure McGraw-Hill Return Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-18 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Disk Cleanup • Identifies and eliminates nonessential files • Frees up valuable space and improves system performance McGraw-Hill Return Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-19 mputing Essentials 2012: Making IT Work for You Disk Defragmenter • Identifies and eliminates unnecessary fragments • Rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations • Speeds up file access McGraw-Hill Return Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved 5-20