Giải pháp phát triển thị trường bảo hiểm thân tàu ở việt nam trong giai đoạn hội nhập

ft1111 ' 111 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH rf Qu6c DAN HOANG THI THU HANG DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THCVIEN PHONG LUANAN-TULIEU GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN THI■ TRlTGNG BAO HIEM THAN TAU VIET HOI■ NHAP ■ NAM TRONG GIAI DOAN ■ ■ CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH tE BAO HI^M LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Ngtfdi htfdng dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS NGUYfiN VAN DINH THS 3406 HA NOI, NAM 2008 I MUC LUC • • DANH MUC BANG BIEU, BIEU DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN phAnmOdau CHUONG 1: THI TRUONG BAO HIEM THAN TAU VA NOI DUNG CO BAN CUA NGHIEP VU BAO HIEM THAN TAU 1.1 Thi trird'ng bao hiem than tau 1.1.1 Khai quat ve thi truong bao hiem 1.1.1.1 Khai mem .3 1.1.1.2 Dae diem 1.1.2 Thi trudng bao hiem than tau 1.1.2.1 Lich su dbi va phat trien 1.1.2.2 Khai mem vaphan loai thi truong bao hiem than tau .8 9 1.1.2.3 Cac chu the tham gia thi truemg bao hiem than tau 10 1.2 Noi dung co’ ban cua bao hiem than tau 17 r 1.2.1 Doi tuffng va pham vi bao hiem 17 r 1.2.1.1 Doi tuomg bao hiem 17 1.2.1.2 Pham vi bao hiem 17 1.2.2 So tien bao hiem va phi bao hiem than tau 18 1.2.2.1 So tien bao hiem 18 1.2.2.2 Phi bao hiem 19 1.2.3 Hffp ddng bao hiem than tau 21 1.2.3.1 Khai niem 21 1.2.3.2 Phan loai Hop dong bao hiem than tau 21 \ 1.2.3.3 Noi dung Hop dong bao hiem than tau 22 1.2.4 Cac dieu kien, dieu khoan bao hiem than tau 23 9 1.2.4.1 Bao hiem than tau bien 23 1.2.4.2 Bao hiem than tau song, tau noi thuy 30 1.3 Su- can thiet va vai tro cua bao hiem than tau 35 1.3.1 Sir can thiet cua bao hiem than tau 35 1.3.2 Vai tro cua bao hiem than tau 36 1.3.2.1 Doi vai nen kinh te 36 1.3.2.2 Doi vai cac chu tau, nguai thue tau va nguai dong tau 37 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG THI TRUONG BAO HIEM THAN TAU VIET NAM TRONG THdl GIAN QUA 38 2.1 Mot vai net ve thi tru’d’ng bao hiem than tau tai Viet Nam 38 2.2 Moi tru’d’ng kinh doanh bao hiem than tau tai Viet Nam 39 2.2.1 Ca sa phap ly 39 2.2.2 Moi trirdng kinh te-xa hoi 40 2.2.3 Dieu kien tic nhien 42 • • 2.3 Phan tich thyc trang phat trien cua thi tru’d’ng bao hiem than tau o’ Viet Nam nhirng nam qua 43 2.3.1 Thue trang phat trien cac doi tau tai Viet Nam 43 2.3.2 Cac Doanh nghiep bao hiem va cac trung gian bao hiem tham gia thi trirang 51 r r a \ 2.3.3 Nhirng ket qua dat dirac va nhirng van de ton tai cua thi• trirang o bao hiem than tau tai • Viet • Nam 56 r 2.3.3.1 Nhirng ket qua dat dirac 56 2.3.3.2 Nhirng van de cdn ton tai 63 r 2.3.3.3 Nguyen nhan han che 66 CHUONG 3: GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN THI TRUING BAO HIEM THAN TAU TAI VIET NAM TRONG GIAI DOAN HOI NHAP HEN NAY .75 3.1 Trien vong phat trien thi tru’Cmg bao hiem than tau o’ Viet Nam giai doan hoi nhap 75 3.1.1 Nhicng cor hoi va thach thurc doi vdi thi tried'ng bao "7 _ V hiem than tau tai Viet Nam sau gia nhap To chare thirong mai the gidi WTO 75 3.1.2 Chien lurpc phat trien thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam giai doan hoi nhap 80 3.1.3 Trien vong phat trien cua thi triroug bao hiem than tau o’ Viet Nam 81 3.1.3.1 Trien vong ve mat kinh te-xa hoi 81 3.1.3.2 Trien vong phat trien cac doi tau 82 3.2.1 Cac giai phap vi mo 83 r \ 3.2.1.1 Hoan thien he thong phap luat ve bao hiem phii hop vdi cam ket WTO va cac chuan mice quoc te 83 3.2.1.2 Hoan thien cong tac quan ly Nha nude ve boat dong kinh doanh bao hiem 85 r r r 3.2.1.3 Xay dung va quan ly he thong die lieu, chia se so lieu thong ke bao hiem va co che cung cap thdng tin cho cac doanh nghiep bao hiem 86 3.2.1.4 Nang cao hon nica vai trd cua Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam tuong lai 87 3.2.1.5 Tang cudng hop tac giica cac co quan quan ly Nha nude lien quan den linh vuc bao hiem hang hai 88 3.2.2 Cac giai phap vi mo 89 r 3.2.2.1 Xay dung va hoan thien chien lupc phat trien dai han 89 3.2.2.2 Tang cudng nang luc tai chinh 90 3.2.2.3 Nang cao chat lupng cong tac danh gid va quan ly rui ro 91 r 3.2.2.4 Nang cao chat luymg dich vu bao hiem 93 \ \ 3.2.2.5 Tuyen dung va dao tao nguon nhan lire dap imgyeu cau cua thi trucmg bao hiem than tau .94 r 3.2.2.6 Xdy dimg he thong cong nghe thong tin hien dai 96 3.3 Dieu kien thyc hien giai phap 96 3.3.1 Phat trien thi trirting tai chinh, dac biet la thi tricting x X X chirng khoan nham tao dieu kien thuan Iffi cho toan bo nen kinh te noi chung va nganh bao hiem noi rieng 97 3.3.2 Thiet lap trat tie an toan giao thong dieting thuy 98 3.3.3 Tang cicting kha nang hap tac giica cac doanh nghiep bao hiem 99 KET LUAN 101 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO DANH MUC BANG BIEU, BIEU DO I BANG BIEU Bang 2.1 Co cau doi tau bien Viet Nam tinh den het thang 02/2008 45 Bang 2.2 Cor cau doi tau song, tau ca cua Viet Nam giai doan 2004-2007 46 Bang 2.3 Co cau doi tau bien cua mot so nude khu vuc Chau A 47 Bang 2.4 Nang lire tai chinh cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem phinhan tho tinh den 31/12/2007 52 Bang 2.5 Cac chi tieu phat trien cua thi trudng bao hiem Phi nhan tho Viet Nam giai doan 2003-2007 53 Bang 2.6 So lupng tau tham gia bao hiem giai doan 2004-2007 57 Bang 2.7 Doanh thu bao hiem than tau va trach nhiem dan su chu tau cua timg doanh nghiep giai doan 2004-2007 59 Bang 2.8 Mot so vu tdn that Ion ve bao hiem than tau nam 2007 tai Viet Nam 61 Bang 2.9 Du bao nhu cau dong moi doi tau van tai bien Viet Nam den 2010 va 2020 72 Bang 3.1 Cac yeu to quyet dinh viec lua chon doanh nghiep bao hiem 79 II BIEU DO Bieu 2.1 Thi phan cua cac Doanh nghiep bao hiem theo doanh thu bao hiem goc cua nghiep vu bao hiem tau thuy tinh den het nam 2007 54 Bieu 2.2 Doanh thu phi bao hiem than tau giai doan 2000-2007 .58 Bieu 2.3 So tien boi thirong va ty le boi thubng nghiep vu bao hiem than tau giai doan 2000-2007 63 PHAN MO DAU Trong nhirng nam qua, cung vai da phat trien manh me cua nen kinh te Viet Nam, nganh van tai bien da co sir phat trien vuqt bac ca ve doi tau cung nhu cac chu tau moi tham gia khai thac Dac biet, nganh cong nghiep tau thuy va hang hai Viet nam da vuon len vi tri top 10 nubc co nen cong nghiep hang hai phat trien nhat, tu mb co hoi phat trien cho cac nganh lien quan, phai ke den hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem Bao hiem tau thuy noi chung va bao hiem than tau noi rieng vcri tu each la nganh dich vu gan bo lau doi va mat thiet vcri nganh van tai bien co y nghTa quan nham giup cac chu tau on dinh kinh te khong may gap rui ro; tao dieu kien cho cac chu tau khoi phuc va phat trien hoat dong kinh doanh gop phan thuc day nen kinh te phat trien va mb rong quan he kinh te vdi cac nubc; r a \ r \ gop phan tang thu cho ngan sach, tang von dau tu cho nen kinh te Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung co hoi phat trien, bao hiem than tau cung dang dung trudc A nhieu thach thuc khong nho, dac biet la giai doan hoi nhap nhu hien Tinh hinh canh tranh giua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nubc cung dat nhieu van de can dune giai quyet nham nang cao chat luomg dich vu bao hiem va phat trien thi trubng bao hiem than tau Chinh vi vay, viec nghien cuu, danh gia thuc trang thi trubng bao hiem than tau thbi gian qua nham dua a r a r dinh hubng va giai phap phat trien dong bo la het sue can thiet r r \ Xuat phat tu thuc te do, tac gia da chon de tai “Giai phap phat trien thi trubng bao hiem than tau b Viet Nam giai doan hoi nhap” lam de tai luan van thac si cua minh ii CHUONG - THI TRUING BAO HIEM THAN TAU VA NOI DUNG • • CO BAN CUA NGHIEP VU BAO HIEM THAN TAU * KHAI QU AT CHUNG VE THI TRUING BAO HIEM THAN TAU - Khai niem thi truemg bao hiem: r •7 r \ r \ Thi trudng bao hiem la mot pham tru kinh te gan lien vdi nen san xuat r # x x r hang hoa Co rat nhieu quan niem ve thi truong, va quan niem chung nhat la “thi truemg bao gom toan bo cac hoat dong trao doi hang hoa dupe dien su thong nhat huu co voi cac moi quan he chung phat sinh gan lien cac doanh nghiep bao hiem luon luon thay doi; Thi truemg bao hiem co doi tupng khach hang rat rong va la thi trudng dich vu tai chinh.; Thi trudng bao hiem ddi muon hem so vdi cac thi trudng khac; Thi trudng bao hiem la thi trudng cung cap san pham lien quan den rui ro - Khai niem thi trudng bao hiem than tau: Cd the noi thi trudng bao hiem than tau la thi trudng ddi sdm nhat va r 9 r no cung rat phat trien cho den tan Theo thuat ngu bao hiem thi thi trudng bao hiem than tau la noi mua va ban san pham bao hiem than tau Thi trudng bao hiem duoc phan 02 loai: Thi trudng bao hiem than tau bien va Thi trudng bao hiem than tau song, tau ca X - Cac phan tham gia thi trudng bao hiem than tau: Tham gia thi trudng bao hiem than tau, chu tau va ngudi thue tau dong vai tro la khach hang - tuc la ngudi mua bao hiem, la ngudi co nhu cau dam bao cho nhtrng tau cua minh cd the bi de doa boi nhung rui ro qua trinh khai thac, su dung iii Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem dong vai tro la ngudi ban-ngudi cung cap dich vu bao hiem true tiep cho khach hang hoac thong qua cac to chuc trung gian Trong qua trinh kinh doanh, de tang cudng hieu qua hoat dong, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem thudng phai su dung cac to chuc trung gian bao hiem gom dai ly bao hiem va moi gidi bao hiem Cac trung gian bao hiem dupe phep hoat dong kinh doanh linh vuc bao hiem, song ho khong tao cac san pham bao hiem ma lam cau noi giua nhung ngudi duqc bao hiem, doanh nghiep bao hiem goc, cong ty tai bao hiem Hoat dong cua cac trung gian bao > r \ r hiem la rat can thiet viec tao su gap giua cung va cau tren thi trudng Bao hiem rui ro cho nhung ngudi dong tau da ton tai tir lau tren thi trudng bao hiem the gidi nhu la mot san pham bao hiem than tau, du loai hinh bao hiem chi tap trung phat trien d mot vai trung tarn dong tau truyen thong va ldn nhu: Anh, Phap, Due, My, Ba Lan, Han Quoc, Nhat va gan day la Trung Quoc Do vay cac nha dong tau d day cung duqc coi la mot nhan to tich cue cho su phat trien cua thi truong bao hiem than tau * NOI DUNG CO BAN CUA NGHIEP VU BAO HIEM THAN TAU • • • 77 r - Doi tuqng bao hiem cua bao hiem than tau: la toan bo tau bao > r r gom: vo tau, may moc, trang thiet bi tren tau co lien quan den hoat dong cua tau Nhu vay, thuc chat bao hiem than tau la bao hiem gia tri tau do, bao gom gia tri vd tau, may moc va trang thiet bi - Pham vi bao hiem: thudng lien quan den cac rui ro chinh nhu chim dam, mac can, chay no, dam va (Dam va d day duqc gidi han d day duo gidi r han pham vi: dam va giua tau vdi tau, tau vdi cong trinh kien true duqc xay dung tren bien, tren cang dam va giua tau vdi cac vat the noi, vat the di dong ) Pham vi bao hiem than tau bao gom tau mat tich moi ly do, ~ > tau hu hai loi lam cua thuy thu doan, cudp bien 90 tai viec tuyen dung, lua chon va dao tao Va tu nam 2005, bat dau thoi ky md cua hoan toan, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Trung Quoc da bat dau thay doi chien lugc hoat dong, huong tai su phat trien lien tuc lau dai, thay vi kiem loi nhuan truoc mat Mot mat cac cong ty tap trung gia tang gia tri san pham, va mat khac no luc on dinh tang trudng hang nam ve doanh thu va loi nhuan Hoc hoi kinh nghiem cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Trung Quoc, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam cung can phai xay dung cho minh chien luoc phat trien lau dai Doanh thu phi bao hiem la mot chi so quan ve r phat trien, nhung boi canh hien thi chi so khong quan z bang chi so phat trien nguon nhan luc (vi du nhu su cai thien trinh chuyen mon hay nang luc quan ly) hoac cac chi so ve hieu qua hoat dong (chuan hoa cac quy trinh, tiet kiem thoi gian cho tung cong viec ), bdi day la nhung co sd vung chac cho su phat trien tuong lai 3.2.2.2 Tang cuong nang luc tai chinh Tac dong dau tien cua su tu hoa bat ky thi truong bao hiem nao la su gia tang so luong cac doanh nghiep bao hiem, va thi truong bao hiem Viet Nam khong phai la mot ngoai le Dieu tat yeu den su canh tranh cang gay gat De doi mat voi canh tranh nay, tap doan Bao Viet da duoc tai co cau de A Z trd mot tap doan tai chinh ve mot khia canh nao do, quyet dinh tai co cau cua Bao Viet duong nhu la mot no luc nham tang cuong su tham gia cua noi luc tren thi truong Tuy nhien, Bao Viet la mot truong hop dac biet, co duoc su ho tro lon tu phia Chinh phu Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Nha nuoc khac, hay cac cong ty nha nuoc da duoc co phan hoa hay cac cong ty 100% von nuoc khong co su ho tro nay, do ho can phai co chien luoc rieng cua minh de co kha nang tai chinh vung chac hon, khong chi doi mat voi nhung thach thuc cua thi truong, ma de md rong va phat trien, dam bao 91 trach nhiem cua minh doi voi nhung gi da cam ket vdi khach hang Thuc te cung cho thay nhung cong ty nhd se bi day khdi thi trudng hoac chiem doanh thu rat nhd Xu hudng xuat hien la ket hop cac dich vu tai chinh khac hinh nen cac tap doan tai chinh khong lo Xu hudng da dien r r r d cac nudc Dai Loan, Nhat Ban, Han Quoc Moi quan he gan bo va ho tro lan giua bao hiem, ngan hang va cac dich vu tai chinh khac da dan tdi su sap X nhap cac ngan hang, doanh nghiep bao hiem va quy dau tu dem lai loi ich chung cho moi cong ty tap doan r x Do do, mot so doanh nghiep bao hiem tai Viet Nam can nghien cuu nghiem tuc kha nang sap nhap hoac lien ket vdi cac ngan hang Viet Nam, hien cung dang phai doi mat vdi canh tranh vdi cac ngan hang nudc ngoai co tiem luc tai chinh rat ldn Bien phap mot mat nham cai thien kha nang tai chinh cua cac ngan hang, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc, mat khac x r tao dieu kien thuan loi cho viec ket hop cac dich vu tai chinh vdi nhau, tao cac san pham bao hiem qua ngan hang hap dan khach hang 3.2.2.3 Nang cao chat luong cong tac danh gia va quan ly rui ro Nhu da phan tich thuc trang d tren, hien cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam gan nhu bd quen budc danh gia hay quan ly rui ro qua trinh khai thac Viec khai thac hau nhu mang tinh chu quan cua nha bao hiem, nhan bao hiem theo kinh nghiem Cong tac danh gia rui ro doi tuong bao hiem trudc nhan bao hiem la khong co Hoat dong hang hai dac biet la van r tai bien la vo cung phuc tap, lien quan den nhung tau nang hang nghin tan, gia tri ldn, van chuyen tren chuyen hanh trinh dai va day rui ro, yeu kem va coi nhe danh gia rui ro da dan den ty le boi thudng cua nghiep vu bao hiem than tau nhung nam qua luon d muc tren 100%, khong doanh nghiep bao hiem nao then khai nghiep vu bao hiem co lai 92 Mot thuc te hien mac du cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc khong co kha nang nhan bao hiem cho cac rui ro phuc tap va ldn han che ve nang luc tai chinh cung nhu nang luc danh gia, song cac doanh nghiep bao ngan sach, va chi cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc mdi duoc cung cap dich vu bao hiem cho cac du an Sau ky ket hop dong, de phan tan rui ro, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem lai tien hanh tai bao hiem mot ty le ldn cho cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai, do phan ldn doanh thu phi bao hiem deu tai thi trudng bao hiem nudc ngoai Song cac rao can doi vdi cac r x nha cung cap nudc ngoai duoc xoa bd theo yeu cau cua tu hoa thi cac r doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc se mat phan doan thi trudng Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam muon bao ve thi trudng cua minh thi ngoai viec tang cudng nang luc tai chinh nhu da noi d tren thi viec xay dung he thong quan ly rui ro la het sue quan Cong viec can ddi hoi cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam coi la muc tieu va chien luge diem cua minh Thdi gian dau chua cd kinh nghiem, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem cd the hoc hoi cac mo hinh quan ly rui ro x r r cua nudc ngoai, mdi chuyen gia nudc ngoai ve tu van xay dung he thong quan ly rui ro, dong thdi dao tao, tuyen dung cac can bo quan ly rui ro cho doanh nghiep minh Danh gia rui ro ddi tuong bao hiem trudc nhan bao hiem la mot phan quan nam cong tac quan ly rui ro Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai rat coi cong tac Danh gia rui ro dung va chinh xac khong chi giup doanh nghiep dua phuong thuc phuc vu khach hang mot each tot nhat ma edn giup doanh nghiep quan ly tai chinh cua minh an toan nhat Viec dinh phi bao hiem cung nhu muc mien thudng cho tirng ddi tuong r x r x bao hiem phu thuoc rat nhieu vao danh gia rui ro Hien cd rat nhieu cac 93 cong ty giam dinh doc lap duoc lap o Viet Nam, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem co the thue cac cong ty danh gia trudc nhan bao hiem Nhung cong ty giam dinh co trinh chuyen mon va kha nang danh gia cao hon cac can bo bao hiem, do muc danh gia chinh xac hon 3.2.2.4 Nang cao chat Ivctyng dich vu bao hiem r i Chat luong dich vu cua mot doanh nghiep bao hiem giu vai tro then chot va la chia khoa cong cua cong ty Cong tac dien suot 7 A f qua trinh tu gidi thieu san pham, chao ban san pham den boi thudng, chi tra bao hiem Viec nang cao chat luong dich vu cua doanh nghiep bao hiem cung chinh la xay dung van hoa phuc vu khach hang mot cach tot nhat Muc dich cuoi cung ma cac doanh nghiep bao hiem luon luon hudng tdi chinh la lam hai long khach hang a r \ Cac phan tich gan day cho thay nhieu doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc chua xay dung duoc van hoa phuc vu khach hang, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nudc ngoai thua huong van hoa tu cong ty me, dang phat trien no mot cach cong Trong cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai chuan hoa moi quy trinh cong viec, tao dieu kien thuan loi cho khach hang co thac mac, toan phi bao hiem, yeu cau thong tin, A A A yeu cau boi thudng Nguoc lai cac cong ty nudc mac du hieu tam quan cua cac quy trinh nay, nhung chua co mot chien luoc phu hop va ke A hoach hanh dong de thuc hien no Cac cong ty nudc ngoai yeu cau nhan vien cua minh lam theo nhung quy trinh cu the phuc vu khach hang, cac cong ty nudc lai phu thuoc vao su nang dong cua cac ca nhan nhien vien viec phuc vu khach hang Dieu cung gay mot so van de, boi khong phai moi nhan vien nao deu nang dong nhu lam viec vdi r khach hang Vi vay, neu co mot nhan vien nao khong nang dong, se khong 94 co che de buoc ho phai tuan theo va viec cham soc khach hang se khong co duoc dam bao A Hien tai Viet Nam nhieu doanh nghiep bao hiem da co quy trinh khai thac cung nhu quy trinh boi thudng cua rieng minh Tuy nhien, nhung quy trinh chu yeu mang tinh hudng dan nham muc dich quan ly hoat dong khai thac cung nhu boi thudng cua cong ty, chua hudng tdi muc tieu vi khach hang Quan niem hien cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam la hai A long khach hang tuc la dap ung moi yeu cau cua khach hang nhu: phi bao hiem thap, pham vi bao hiem duoc md rong Song, tat ca nhung cai chi dung lai d khau khai thac, chao ban san pham bao hiem Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem quen rang, su hai long cua khach hang duoc ludng chu yeu va chinh yeu nhat chinh lai la khau giai quyet boi thudng co su kien bao > r hiem xay Tai Viet Nam, khau chi tra, boi thudng bao hiem lai la khau yeu nhat hien Do do, nang cao chat luong dich vu, xay dung van hoa phuc vu A khach hang can phai duoc cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Viet Nam quan tam chien luoc phat trien dai han cua doanh nghiep minh Nang cao chat luong dich vu phai the hien toan dien va day du ca a r a r qua trinh khai thac va chi tra boi thudng bao hiem nham cung cap tot hon cac dich vu cham soc khach hang Nhan vien ban hang co the ho tro rat tot khach hang, nhung nhu the van chua du Cac cong ty can phai dat minh vao vi tri cua khach hang de danh gia phuong thuc phuc vu khach hang cua minh nham xac dinh nhung khau can cai thien hon nua Muc tieu khong chi la nang cao r r hieu qua cong viec ma la phuc vu khach hang mot cach tot nhat 3.2.2.5 Tuyen dung va dao tao nguon nhan luc dap ung yeu cau cua thi trudng bao hiem than tau / r Bat ky to chuc, don vi nao du hoat dong bat ky linh vuc nao cung deu coi chat luong nguon nhan luc la mach mau nuoi dudng toan he thong 95 Do do, cong tac dao tao, tuyen dung nhan luc dong vai tro quan nhat chien luoc phat trien cua to chuc Nganh bao hiem cung khong nam ngoai xu huong nay, nhu cau ve nguon nhan luc dang phat trien manh me bao gid het Nhu chung ta da phan < tich d tren, hien giua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem dang co su bien dong X \ X r lon ve nhan su nguon nhan luc ve bao hiem tren thi trudng han che va thieu hut, nhung chuyen gia gioi cua nganh chi dem tren dau ngon tay Doi ngu nhan vien bao hiem cua Viet Nam tuong doi tre, chu yeu la sinh vien moi trudng, khai thac vien co kinh nghiem deu la dich nham cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem lon, dac biet la cac cong ty moi lap thi nhu cau lai trd van de cap bach r x De dam bao chat luong nguon nhan luc cua thi trudng cung nhu cua X chinh doanh nghiep bao hiem, cac doanh nghiep can tap trung cho cong tac X , / dao tao, phat trien nguon nhan luc mang tinh he thong, bai ban voi nhung noi r r r r x dung, chuong trinh dao tao chuan muc quoc te thay the loi dao tao truyen ba kinh nghiem, kien thuc cua ngudi di truoc day bao ngudi di sau Ben canh tu xay dung cho minh cac chuong trinh dao tao, cac doanh nghiep can chu den viec thue cac don vi, to chuc chuyen ve dao tao hoac mdi cac chuyen gia nuoc ngoai co kinh nghiem ve linh vuc bao hiem ve giang day Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem cung can tung buoc tang ty khai thac bao hiem qua khau trung gian la moi gioi bao hiem va dai ly bao hiem, tinh giam doi ngu khai thac vien truc tiep hien de dao tao ho cac chuyen gia quan ly bao hiem gioi, nghien cuu thi trudng, phat trien san pham moi, md rong dich vu cham soc khach hang mot tot hon Ngoai ra, che dai r r r •> ngo doi voi nhan vien dong vai tro quan trong, no quyet dinh den su on dinh nguon nhan luc cua doanh nghiep bao hiem Che dai ngo tot cong voi moi trudng lam viec chuyen nghiep va hoa dong la nhung dieu kien tot nhat de co 96 duoc doi ngu nhan vien chat luong, chuyen tam voi nghe va cong hien cho doanh nghiep 3.2.2.6 Xay dang he thong cong nghe thong tin hien ctai r a f Viec dao tao va tuyen dung nguon nhan luc co chat luong va la diem r r a yeu chien luoc cua cac doanh nghiep, nhung de nguon nhan luc thuc su phat huy thi cac dieu kien va cong cu giup ho lam viec cung lai yeu to quyet dinh, phai ke den vai tro cua cong nghe thong tin He thong thong tin cua doanh nghiep can dap ung nhu cau quan ly tu khau khai thac, theo doi hop dong, khach hang, tiep nhan thong tin va giai quyet boi thuong, tinh phi va danh gia bao hiem Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nuoc hien bi tut hau rat xa so voi cac doi thu canh tranh nuoc ngoai linh vuc ung dung cong nghe thong tin Cho toi nay, chua co mot doanh nghiep bao hiem nuoc nao co phan mem bao hiem chuyen biet mac du cac cong ty deu nhan thay tam quan r r A A r A A r a A • • a A r A a J A A A cua yeu to Cac cong ty nuoc can giai quyet van de lap A A A tuc Can phai co mot chien luoc cong nghe thong tin ro rang nham thich ung voi nhung thay doi tuong lai Trong moi truong kinh doanh nay, cong nghe thong tin la xuong song cua moi hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh Cong nghe thong tin ho tro giam chi phi lao dong, lam cho hoat dong hieu qua r a a hon va gop phan nang cao chat luong dich vu khach hang Viec dau tu hang trieu dola vao mot he thong cong nghe thong tin thuc su la mot thu thach doi voi cac cong ty nho, nhung cac cong ty can no luc hon nua nham tim huong di thich hop cho minh 3.3 Dieu kien thirc hien giai phap A De cac giai phap de cap o tren thuc su phat huy co hieu qua, tac dong tot toi thi truong bao hiem than tau Viet Nam thoi gian toi rat can co nhung dieu kien nhat dinh Dieu khong nhung phu thuoc vao su no luc 97 A cua cac co quan quan ly Nha nuoc, ma can su chung suc tu phia Hiep hoi Bao hiem cung nhu tu phia cac doanh nghiep bao hiem Luan van xin dua mot so kien nghi nham thuc day su phat trien cua thi truong bao hiem than tau o Viet Nam, cu the: 3.3.1 Phat trien thi truong tai chinh, dac biet la thi trwffng chung khoan nr a a nham tao dieu kien thuan lai cho toan bo nen kinh te noi chung va nganh • f f •7 r• ’A • • • o c? •m bao hiem noi rieng r r Nganh bao hiem co moi quan he mat thiet voi thi truong chung khoan ' ' ' 9 O da so cac nen kinh te co nganh bao hiem phat trien, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem deu duoc niem yet tren thi truong chung khoan Doi voi nganh bao hiem, thi truong chung khoan vua dong vai tro la kenh huy dong von, vua r e a a dong vai tro cung cap cac co hoi dau tu Tai Viet Nam, mot phan moi truong phap ly, mot phan su han che ve kha nang tai chinh va su minh bach tai chinh cua cac cong ty, nen so luong cac doanh nghiep bao hiem niem r r yet tren thi truong rat it Do do, thi truong chung khoan chua thuc su phat huy het duoc vai tro huy dong von cua minh Trong co cau danh muc dau tu r n cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem tai Viet Nam, trai phieu chinh phu va tien gui tai cac to chuc van chiem ty rat lon, khoan dau tu lai vao co phieu, trai phieu doanh nghiep, bat dong san va uy thac dau tu v.v moi chi chiem khoang 12% Mac du day la co cau dau tu kha an toan va tinh khoan cao nhung chua phai la co hieu qua nhat r •> Trong boi canh mo cua va phat trien cua thi truong, su cai thien cua thi truong chung khoan, viec cai thien cac quy dinh phap ly, no luc cua cac doanh nghiep bao hiem can phai duoc tien hanh dong thoi nham dan von tu A cac doanh nghiep bao hiem voi cac nha dau tu thong qua thi truong chung khoan, va mat khac bien thi truong chung khoan noi cung cap cac co hoi dau tu tot cho cac doanh nghiep bao hiem 98 r 3.3.2 Thiet lap trat tu an toan giao thdng duong thuy Viet Nam la mot 10 quoc gia co he thong giao thong duong thuy r z noi dia lon nhat the gioi Trude nam 2005, hoat dong giao thdng thuy tren x z r toan quoc dien rat lon xon, vi pham bien tren hau khap cac mat: yr phuong tien khong dang ky, dang kiem, nguoi lai khong bang cap, chung chi r r chuyen mon, lan chiem hanh lang, khai thac cat soi long song bua bai Trong do, co quan quan ly nha nudc tu trung uong den dia phuong khong nam chinh xac dupe cac du lieu co ban nhu ve phuong tien, ngudi lai, ben bai Ngay 1.1.2005, Luat Giao thdng duong thuy noi dia dupe Quoc hoi thdng qua ngudi dan bat dau ky vong ve mot su chuyen bien manh me cong r tac quan ly giao thdng duong thuy noi dia, thiet lap trat tu an toan giao thdng Z A 9 duong thuy Tuy nhien, gan nam sau, thuc te tren thay ddi khong dang ke, vi pham phap luat an toan giao thdng duong thuy van tran lan, nhung vu tai nan Z A duong thuy dac biet nghiem lien tiep xay gay thiet hai ldn ve ngudi va tai san Z A Mot so cang da dupe dau tu xay dung vdi quy mo ldn, trang bi nhung loai may moc, thiet bi xep hang hoa hien dai cd the tiep nhan phuong tien, tau bien va ngoai nudc co tai ldn ra, vao hoat dong xep hang hoa, nhung nhung cang nhu the cd so luong khong dang ke Cac cang, ben thuy noi dia lai cung nhu cac ket cau co so tang giao thdng duong thuy khac phan ldn deu dupe dau tu xay dung nhung su dau tu van d muc khiem ton ma chu yeu van dua vao dia hinh tu nhien Hon nua, y thuc chap hanh phap luat cua ngudi tham gia giao thdng duong thuy han che va A /v- A Z khong dong deu Tu nhung ly tren, da dan den tinh trang phuong tien khong dang ky, dang kiem, cho qua tai, khong trang bi day du cac dung cu A A cuu sinh, cuu ho, ngudi dieu khien khong cd bang, chung chi chuyen mon A Z A Z ton tai kha bien Mat khac, nhung nam gan day, dudi tac dong cua co che 99 thi truong, da lam bung no cac loai phuong tien thuy va keo theo su bung phat f r cua cac loai cang, ben thuy noi dia theo kieu “tram hoa dua no”, “manh nguoi ay lam” da va dang day nguy co mat an toan giao thong duong thuy len cao Trong do, noi com nhat la tinh trang mo ben, bai tien, trai phep dang tro “can benh” kho chua hien Nhung thiet hai tai nan giao thong duong thuy cung nhu tinh trang r t \ bien vi pham phap luat ve giao thong duong thuy noi dia dang dat yeu r a r r t cau som giai quyet nhung bat cap de thiet lap trat tu an toan giao thong duong A A A thuy Nganh chuc nang can thuc hien dong bo cac giai phap nhu: tuyen truyen • ' r sau rong ket hop voi xu ly vi pham hanh chinh de tac dong truc tiep toi A A A thuyen vien, nguoi lai, chu phuong tien Cong tac tuyen truyen can cu the, ngan gon, de hieu; viec xu ly can ap dung duoc nhung che tai nghiem khac nhu tam giu phuong tien, dinh chi phuong tien, ben bai ; Thanh lap them cac truong, trung tam, co so dao tao thuyen vien, nguoi lai phuong tien, nhat la o AAA cac khu vuc co nhu cau cao nhu dong bang song Cuu Long; Sua doi cac quy A A dinh de tao dieu kien cho nguoi dieu khien phuong tien giao thong thuy hoc tap, nam vung phap luat Ye dang ky phuong tien, Nha nuoc nen co chinh r r sach giam, mien thue truoc ba doi voi phuong tien loai nho, don gian hoa cac thu tuc dang ky, dang kiem doi voi phuong tien thieu ho so goc; Phan dinh ro trach nhiem de quan ly chat che hoat dong cua co so dong moi, sua chua phuong tien thuy noi dia Quan hon, nganh chuc nang va chinh quyen A f A r cac dia phuong can quyet liet thuc hien dong bo cac giai phap de som thiet lap trat tu an toan giao thong duong thuy 3.3.3 Tang cit'b’ng kha nang hop tac giii'a cac doanh nghiep bao hiem a r r f Nen kinh te thi truong va mo cua cua Viet Nam hien tat yeu phai co su canh tranh Tuy nhien canh tranh o day khong phai la su chia re, phan hoa cac doanh nghiep bao hiem, nguoc lai canh tranh lanh manh se 100 tao tien de de cac doanh nghiep bao hiem tien tdi hop tac song phuong, da / r phuong tham chi tien tdi viec mua ban, hop nhat, sap nhap de tao suc manh canh tranh tot hon Khi von phap dinh tang, von chu so huu tang va so luong cac doanh nghiep bao hiem tren thi trudng Viet Nam cang dong, vdi kha nang giu lai ldn tat yeu cac doanh nghiep bao hiem se tai bao hiem lan nhau, tien tdi khong phai tai bao hiem nudc ngoai Cac doanh nghiep bao hiem la vien cua Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam ngoai vai tro thong ke so lieu va to chuc hoi hop thudng ky thi cung can phai r cung vdi cac doanh nghiep bao hiem dua cac cam ket chung, cac thoa thuan hop tac de cac doanh nghiep nghiem chinh chap hanh nhung cam ket Viec chap hanh nghiem tuc nhung cam ket se tao moi trudng 9 kinh doanh thuan loi va binh dang ma ban than cac doanh nghiep bao hiem a r la nhung ngudi duoc huong loi nhieu nhat A Ngoai ra, cac doanh nghiep bao hiem cung can hop tac vdi viec xay dung du lieu quan ly bao hiem, danh gia rui ro, phan tich rui A r r ro, phan tich thong tin ve boi thudng, nguyen nhan ton that phong chong truc loi bao hiem 101 KET LUA N Thi truong bao hiem Viet Nam nhung nam qua da co nhung bien Z Z doi het suc sau sac Trong thi truong bao hiem than tau vdi 40 nam hinh va phat trien cung da trai qua nhung budc di thuan lqi, luc kho khan Nhung nhin chung, dam bao cho hoat dong bao hiem than tau di vao on dinh la het suc kho khan Qua chuong, luan van da chi duqc: - Nhung van de ly luan co ban cua bao hiem than tau nhu khai niem, dac diem, phan loai thi truong bao hiem than tau, cac chu the tham gia thi truong A \ bao hiem than tau, cac dieu kien, dieu khoan duqc ap dung hien tren thi z truong the gidi va tai Viet Nam - Phan tich mot cach co he thong ve thuc trang thi truong bao hiem than tau Viet Nam giai doan 2000-2007 Xac dinh ro moi truong kinh doanh cua thi truong bao hiem than tau tai Viet Nam nhu: co so phap ly; moi truong kinh te - xa hoi Z - Z \ Phan tich cac van de lien quan den su tham gia cua cac chu the thi truong bao hiem than tau nhu: tinh hinh phat trien cua cac doi tau; cac doanh nghiep va cac to chuc trung gian hien tren thi truong Viet Nam - Luan van cung lam ro nhung nguyen nhan han che su phat trien cua thi z truong bao hiem than tau Viet Nam nhu chat luqng doi tau kem, cong tac danh gia rui ro chua duqc quan tam dung muc - Nhung co hoi va thach thuc tac dong den su phat trien cua thi truong bao hiem than tau giai doan hoi nhap hien nay, cung nhu dinh hudng phat trien thi truong bao hiem than tau tai Viet Nam thoi gian tdi - Tren co so thuc trang dua ra, luan van da dua mot so giai phap o tam y 7 vi mo, cung nhu vi mo nham phat trien thi truong bao hiem than tau Viet Nam 102 Nhom giai phap vi mo chu vao nhung van de nhu: + Hoan thien he thong phap luat ve bao hiem nhu Luat kinh doanh bao hiem va cac van ban hudng dan phu hop vdi cam ket WTO, phu hop vdi chuan muc quoc te quan ly Nha nudc ve hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem; + Hinh bo may quan ly Nha nudc du manh de thuc hien viec lam luat, kiem tra, giam sat; r r + Xay dung he thong thu thap, xu ly du lieu thong ke bao hiem; + Nang cao vai tro cua Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam tuong lai; tang cuong hop tac giua cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc r r \ \ Nhom giai phap vi mo nhan manh vao cac van de nham tap trung phat trien cho chinh cac doanh nghiep bao hiem nhu: xay dung chien luge phat trien dai han; tang cuong nang luc tai chinh; nang cao chat luong cong tac r danh gia va quan ly rui ro; nang cao chat luong dich vu bao hiem; tap trung dao tao nguon nhan luc r x Tac gia hy vong phan nao da neu mot so giai phap mang tinh goi md r r x 7 de giai quyet cac han che ton tai, phat trien thi trudng bao hiem than tau Viet Nam thdi gian tdi De thi trudng bao hiem than tau Viet Nam thuc su phat trien nhanh chong va sdm hoi nhap vdi thi trudng khu vuc va the gidi rat can su nd luc, co gang khong ngung tu cac doanh nghiep bao hiem, cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh, khai thac tau, dac biet la su quan tam cua cac co X quan quan ly Nha nudc ve hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tieng Viet Pham Thanh Binh (2008), “Tap doan VINASHIN voi chien luoc bien Viet Nam”, Tap chi Cong nghiep tau thuy Vi^tNam, (So 45+46), tr 13-17 r a Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2006), Nghien cuu kha nang canh tranh va tac dong cua tu hoa thuong mai dich vu tai Viet Nam: Nganh bao hiem, Ha Noi Mai Xuan Dung (2007), “Thi truong bao hiem than tau 2006”, Tap chi thi trudng bao hiem-tai bao hiem Viet Nam, (So 1), tr 16-17 Mai Xuan Dung (2008), “Bao hiem tau bien 2007”, Tap chi thi trudng bao hiem-tai bao hiem Viet Nam, (So l),tr 19-21 Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam (2004 - 2007), Ban 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