Giải quyết đồng bộ các vấn đề nông nghiệp, nông dân, nông thôn trong quá trình phát triển các khu công nghiệp ở tỉnh hưng yên

MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC KY HIEU, CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC CAC BIEU VA BIEU DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN L()I MO DAU Chuong 1:CO SO LY LUAN VA THUC TlfN CUA VIEC GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP 1.1 TAC DONG CUA PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP DOI Vdl NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON 1.1.1 Xay dung cac khu cdng nghiep qua trinh CNH, HDH 1.1.2 Tac dong cua qua trinh phat trien cac KCN doi vdi nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon 17 1.2 NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN VE GIAI QUYET DONG BO BA VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH XAY DUNG CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP 29 1.2.1 Co so ly luan ve su can thiet giai quyet dong bo ba van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon 29 1.2.2 Noi dung giai quyet dong bo van de nong nghiep, nong dan va nong thon qua trinh xay dung cac khu cong nghiep 31 1.3 KINH NGHIEM GIAI QUYET MOI QUAN HE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON MOT SO TINH VA KHA NANG VAN DUNG VAO TiNH HUNG YEN .42 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua tinh VTnh Phuc 42 1.3.2 Kinh nghiem cua tinh An Giang 43 1.3.3 Kinh nghiem cua tinh Can Tho 44 1.3.4 Kinh nghiem cua tinh Hai Duong 46 1.3.5 Bai hoc kinh nghiem rut t£r mot so tinh va kha nang van dung vao tinh Hung Yen 47 Chuong II: THUC TRANG GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN BE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TiNH HUNG YEN 54 2.1 KHAI QU AT DI A LY KINH TE, TU NHIEN, XA HOI CUA TiNH HUNG YEN LIEN QUAN DEN NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON 54 2.1.1 Vi tri dia ly 54 2.1.2 Khi hau va thoi tiet 55 2.1.3 Tai nguyen thien nhien 56 2.1.4 Nhung dac diem xa hoi va nhan van 59 2.1.5 Danh gia tong quat nhung tiem nang va kha nang phat huy cac lpi the so sanh vao muc tieu phat trien cua tinh 63 2.2 TINH HINH XAY DUNG CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP, KHU CHE XUAT, KHU KINH TE THdl GIAN QUA 64 2.2.1 Qua trinh xay dung va phat trien cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat, khu kinh te cua Viet Nam 64 2.2.2 Tinh hinh xay dung cac khu cong nghiep, khu thi va thu hut cac dir an dau tu ngoai khu cong nghiep cua tinh Hung Yen thoi gian qua 66 2.3 KET QUA DAT DUQC VA NHUNG MAT HAN CHE TRONG QUA TRINH GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TINH HUNG YEN 68 2.3.1 Nhung ket qua dat dupe qua trinh giai quyet dong bo cac van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon 69 1.3.4 Kinh nghiem cua tinh Hai Duong 46 1.3.5 Bai hoc kinh nghiem rut ttr mot so tinh va kha nang van dung vao tinh Hung Yen 47 Chuong II: THUG TRANG GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TINH HUNG YEN 54 2.1 KHAI QUAT DIA LY KINH TE, TU NHIEN, XA HOI CUA TiNH HUNG YEN LIEN QUAN DEN NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON 54 2.1.1 Vi tri dia ly 54 2.1.2 Khi hau va thdi tiet 55 2.1.3 Tai nguyen thien nhien 56 2.1.4 Nhung dac diem xa hoi va nhan van 59 2.1.5 Danh gia tong quat nhung tiem nang va kha nang phat huy cac loi the so sanh vao muc tieu phat trien cua tinh 63 2.2 TINH HINH XAY DUNG CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP, KHU CHE XUAT, KHU KINH TE THdl GIAN QUA 64 2.2.1 Qua trinh xay dung va phat trien cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat, khu kinh te cua Viet Nam 64 2.2.2 Tinh hinh xay dung cac khu cong nghiep, khu thi va thu hut cac du an dau tu ngoai khu cong nghiep cua tinh Hung Yen thoi gian qua 66 2.3 KET QUA DAT DUOC VA NHUNG MAT HAN CHE TRONG QUA TRINH GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON T1NH HUNG YEN 68 2.3.1 Nhung ket qua dat duqc qua trinh giai quyet dong bo cac van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon 69 2.3.2 Nhung mat han che qua trinh giai quyet dong bo cac van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon xay dung cac khu cong nghiep 80 Chuong III: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP O HU*NG YEN 85 3.1 PHUONG HU’ONG 85 3.1.1 Phuong hudng phat trien nong nghiep va nong thon 85 3.1.2 Phuong hudng phat trien nganh cong nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep 92 3.2 HE THONG CAC GIAI PHAP NHAM GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP 95 3.2.1 Doi moi nang cao chat luong cong tac qui hoach 95 3.2.2 Doi moi, hoan thien dong bo cac chinh sach nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon va thuc hien long ghep cac chinh sach cac chuong trinh phat trien .96 3.2.3 Cac giai phapcu the vdi nong nghiep 98 3.2.4 Cac giai phapcu the vdi nong dan 103 3.3.5 Cac giai phapcu the vdi nong thon 107 KET LU AN 118 DANH MUC TAI LIEU KHAM KHAO 119 DANH MUC CAC KY HIEU, CHl" VIET TAT ASEAN Bo NN va PTNT CNH EU FDI GDP GNP Association ofSoutheast Asian Nations Hiep hoi cac nuoc Dong Nam A Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon Cong nghiep hoa European Union Lien minh Chau Au Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai Gross Domestic Product Tong san pham quoc noi Gross National Product I ong thu nhap quoc dan Hien dai hoa Khu Cong nghiep Khu cong nghe cao Khu che xuat Khu kinh te Official Development Assistance Ho tro phat trien chinh thuc Small and Medium Enterprises Doanh nghiep vua va nho United Nations Industrial Development Organization TO chuc phat trien cong nghiep cua Lien hop quOc United States dollar Do la My World Bank Ngan hang the gioi World Trade Organization TO chuc thuong mai the gioi World Export Processing Zone Association Hiep hoi cac KCX the gioi HP A HDH KCN KCNC KCX KKT ODA SMEs UNIDO USD WB WTO WEPZA , 1 A AJA DANH MUC CAC BIEU Bieu 2.1: Tinh hinh thu hoi dat xay dung cac KCN 64 Bieu 2.2: Tinh hinh thu hoi dat lap cac khu kinh te 65 Bieu 2.3: Tinh hinh thu hoi dat lap va du kien lap cac KCN den nam 2020 cua tinh Hung Yen 67 Bieu 2.4: Tinh hinh thu hoi dat lap khu thi, khu dai hoc va thu hut dir an ngoai khu cong nghiep 68 Bieu 2.5: Tang trucrng gia tri san xuat cua tinh Hung Yen theo nganh 70 Bieu 2.6: Muc dong gop cua cac nganh vao tang trucrng gia tri san xuat 71 Bieu 2.7: Tang trucrng GDP theo nganh 72 Bieu 2.8: Dong gop cho tang trucrng GDP cua tinh tu cac nganh 73 Bieu 2.9: Co cau GDP theo nganh kinh te cua tinh Hung Yen 74 Bieu 2.10: Co cau GDP cua tinh Hung Yen theo phan kinh te 76 Bieu 2.11: Lao dong dang lam viec cac nganh kinh te 79 Bieu 2.12: Co cau su dung dat 2005-2008 81 DANH MUC CAC BIEU DO Bieu dol: So sanh GDP theo co cau nganh kinh te 1997 - 2008 75 A Bieu 2: Tinh hinh thu ngan sach cua tinh qua cac nam 78 Bieu 3: so sanh co cau lao dong theo nganh kinh te nam 2001 - 2008 80 *8 TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DM - TRAN VAN THANG fi' fl fi r fir n n fi fi fi GIAI QUYET DONG BO CAC VAN DE NONG NGHIEP, NONG DAN, NONG THON TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TINH HUNG YEN ■ ■ ** r f* i 7 fO r r ■ CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH Tfi' CHINH TRI / _ w _ A w m _ TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA NOI, NAM 2009 • s fl i LCH Md DAU Ti'nh cap thiet cua de tai nghien cuu: Ngay tu nhung nam dau tien hanh sir nghiep doi moi, Dang da xac dinh z r x rd, tu mot nen san xuat nhd, lac hau di len chu nghia xa hoi bo qua che tu ban chu nghia, chung ta nhat thiet phai uu tien phat trien lire lirpng san xuat, r r lire lirpng san xuat, chung ta khong co each nao khac hon la phai tien hanh cong nghiep hoa va tir dau, ket hop cong nghiep hoa vdi hien dai hoa Bdi le, de thirc hien muc tieu dan giau, nirdc manh, xa hoi cong bang, dan r r x r chu, van minh thi van de co ban nhat la, mot thdi gian nhat dinh, chung ta phai hoan cong nghiep hoa theo hudng hien dai Chinh vi vay, Cuomg link xay dimg dat mede thdi ky qua len chu nghia xa hoi, Dang da khang dinh quan diem “phat trien lire lupng san xuat, cong nghiep hoa dat nude theo hudng hien dai” Cu the hoa quan diem Tai Dai hoi VIII, tren co so danh gia mot each tong quat 10 nam thirc hien cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, Dang da dua va khang dinh chang dudng moi cho sir nghiep cao ca la “day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa” vdi muc tieu chien lupc la den nam 2020, “nude ta co ban trd mot nude cong nghiep” Phat trien cac khu cong nghiep la hinh there thirc hien cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa •> r X Phat trien cac khu cong nghiep thirc te thdi gian qua la dong thdi vdi viec giai quyet cac moi quan he: Huy dong von, xay dung tang, chuyen r r dich co cau kinh te, ung dung tien bo khoa hoc cong nghe mang hieu qua r •> r r x r chuyen dich co cau kinh te, nang cao hieu qua von dau tu Nhu vay phat nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon r r Tuy nhien thirc te thdi gian qua d mot so dia phuong nong voi thirc hien CNH-HDH, da “trai tham do” thu hut dau tu dan tdi tinh trang doanh nghiep muon gi dupe do, vi vay dat nong nghiep thuan thuc “bd xdi, A r X ruong mat” bi thu hoi cho phat trien cong nghiep, roi van de moi trudng bi nhiem, pha vd he thong thuy loi noi dong Van de dat la phat trien cong nghiep la tat yeu dua nude ta trd nude cong nghiep, song i yr qua trinh phat trien cong nghiep thi viec thu hoi dat nong nghiep d dau va Z 7 den dau de dam bao phat trien nong nghiep on dinh, ben vung, dam bao an ninh luong thuc, dam bao viec lam cho nong dan, dam bao moi trudng nong thon la nhung cau hoi ldn ma Dang, Nha nude va tung dia phuong Z can phai giai quyet? Nghi quyet Hoi nghi lan thu VII Ban chap hanh Trung uong khoa X ve Z nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon, chi ro “Cac van de nong nghiep, ndng Z Z dan, nong thon phai duorc giai quyet dong bo, gan vdi qua trinh day manh Z Z Z cong nghiep hod, hien dai hod dat nude” Giai quyet van de vua cd tinh z z cap thiet vua cd tinh thdi su Z 5 Tac gia lira chon lam de tai luan van cao hoc: Giai quyet dong bo r y cac van de nong nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thon qua trinh phat trien cac khu cong nghiep ff tinh Hirng Yen Tinh hinh nghien cihi de tai Mot so luan van da bao ve: Nguyen Van Trudng, nam 2007 "Phat trien cac khu cong nghiep qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d Nghe An" Z 5 Z Z Co rat nhieu bai bao da de cap den viec giai quyet dong bo tarn ndng: Dao Ngoc Dung, Hoang Hien, Bao Trung - Giai quyet van de Tam ndng thdi ky mdi (Bao nhan dan 17 va 18/3/2008) y yr Nhung chua co mot de tai nghien cuu nao nghien cuu ve giai quyet Z dong bo van de ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thon qua trinh phat trien z cac khu cong nghiep mot each cd he thong Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu Doi tuong: Nghien cuu qua trinh phat trien cac khu cong nghiep da tac dong den cac van de ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thon Pham vi: Khao sat thuc trang tinh hinh phat trien cac khu cong nghiep r r y vdi viec giai quyet cac van de ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thon Hung Yen -107 - ho tro cho nong dan cung nhu cac doanh nghiep nong thon - Xay dung va phat trien van hoa san xuat, kinh doanh (van hoa san xuat, kinh doanh) d khu vuc nong thon de tao nen hinh anh tot cho doanh nghiep, ho nong dan, cung nhu dia ban nong thon tinh 3.2.4.3 Xuat khau lao dong du thua Tren thuc te, hien d Viet Nam viec phat trien thi trudng lao dong kha mdi me, chua to chuc hoat dong mot each bai ban va hieu qua chinh vi vay giua cung va cau ve lao dong doi khong gap nhau, dan tdi thieu hoac du thua lao dong cue bo Mat khac mot bo phan lao dong khong co nhu cau lao dong nudc vi nhieu nguyen nhan, song nguyen nhan co ban nhat van la khong thoa man ve thu nhap Tu nhung nguyen nhan viec xuat khau lao dong la mot nhung giai phap giai quyet viec lam cho nhung lao dong bi du thua bi thu hoi dat, khong co viec lam hoac viec lam khong phu hop 3.3.5 Cac giai phap cu the vdi nong thon 3.2.5.1 Phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thong, cac lang nghe mdi, xay dung X X A X va hinh cac khu, cum cong nghiep lang nghe d nong thdn Dai hoi ldn thu X cua Dang da khang dinh: “Hien va nhieu nam tdi, van de ndng nghiep, ndng dan va ndng thdn cd tam chien luoc dac biet quan trong” Ve phat trien ndng thdn, Nghi quyet Dai hoi nhan manh: “Day manh phat trien cdng nghiep va dich vu d ndng thdn, nhat la nhung nganh, nghe su dung nhieu lao dong, coi day la hudng chinh de tao nhieu viec lam mdi, gop phan tang nhanh thu nhap cho ndng dan”; “Tao dieu kien thuan lpi hon de giup ndng dan chuyen sang lam nganh, nghe ngoai ndng nghiep va dich vu” Phat trien kinh te ndng thdn theo hudng cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, khuyen khich phat trien khu vuc kinh te dan doanh, nhat la cac lang nghe truyen thong dong vai tro la dong luc hang dau thuc day phat trien kinh te ndng thdn Tinh chung ca nudc hien cd gan 1.500 lang nghe, tren 300 lang nghe truyen thong, co khoang 1,35 trieu ho va doanh nghiep nhd chuyen ve san xuat hang thu cdng, gia tri san xuat cua cac lang nghe tang binh quan 8,9% nam (co khong it lang nghe tang tren dudi 20%) Tao viec lam cho hon -108 - trieu lao dong nong thon, thu nhap cao hon den lan thu nhap lao dong nong nghiep vung dong bang song Hong so lang nghe chiem 70% lang nghe ca nudc Cac lang nghe ton tai va phat trien trai qua nhieu thang tram, song lich su da chung minh sue song manh liet cua no Toc tang truong cua nhieu lang nghe len toi tren 20%/nam Nhieu lang nghe truyen thong phat trien manh va nhieu lang nghe moi doi theo each lan toa, cac lang nghe da tro hat nhan va dong luc phat trien cong nghiep nong thon Trong nong thon Hung Yen hien nay, lang nghe co vi tri rat quan trong, dang bao gom hang tram co so san xuat san pham thu cong my nghe, co nhieu nghe truyen thong voi nhieu loai hinh to chuc san xuat chu yeu la doanh nghiep nho va vua Lang nghe co nhieu thuan loi viec khai thac cac tiem nang rat phong phu dan, tu tri tue, tay nghe tinh xao, von lieng, cac bi quyet nghe nghiep, nhat la cac nghe nhan Can phat trien ben vung cac lang nghe hien co, dong thoi to chuc phat trien moi cac nganh nghe phi nong nghiep tung lang, xa bao gom tieu thu cong nghiep, cong nghiep san xuat hang tieu dung, hang xuat khau, cong nghiep khai thac va che bien cac loai nguyen lieu phi nong nghiep, cac loai dich vu san xuat va doi song, tao them viec lam va tang them thu nhap cho dan cu nong thon Viec khoi phuc va phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thong gan vdi du lich co y nghia phat huy cac gia tri van hoa cua dan toc cung la mot the manh cua tinh qua trinh phat trien va hoi nhap, nhat la Viet Nam hoi nhap sau vao WTO Chuyen dich co cau nganh nghe ndng thon sang cac nganh nghe tao san pham mdi, cd gia tri gia tang cao Phat trien cac nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep, cac hoat dong kinh te phi ndng nghiep ndng thon Hung Yen cd vai trd quan va coi day la mot nhung khau “dot pha” de phat trien kinh te ndng thon nham tao viec lam, tang thu nhap, giam ho ngheo Chuyen ddi co cau kinh te ndng thon theo hudng giam dan ty ndng nghiep, tang dan ty cong nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep, dich vu theo hudng cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Cac lang nghe, cum cong nghiep lang nghe cd vi tri, vai trd rat quan trong phat trien nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep d ndng thon, mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao, nhat la hang thu cong my -109 - nghe Theo tinh toan thi cac nganh det may, giay dep kirn ngach xuat khau cao nhung ngoai te thuc thu rat thap, chi chiem khoang 20% tri gia xuat khau, vi nguyen lieu, phu lieu chu yeu nhap tu nudc ngoai; mat hang dien tu va linh kien may tinh tri gia thuc thu thap horn, khoang 5-10% Trong hang thu cong my nghe san xuat chu yeu bang ngudn nguyen lieu sin co nudc, nguyen phu lieu nhap khau chiem ty trong san pham tuong ddi thap, chi 3-5% gia tri xuat khau Vi vay, gia tri thuc thu cua cac hang thu cong my nghe rat cao tu 95-97% Tuy nhien, nhieu tiem nang to ldn d ndng thon Hung Yen chua duoc khai thac va phat huy Su phuc hoi va phat trien cac lang nghe mang tinh tu phat, chua cd dinh hudng va qui hoach chien luoc tong the phat trien gan vdi bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai Vi vay, muon thuc hien tot chien luoc cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng nghiep, ndng thon Hung Yen den nam 2015 khong the khong phat trien cac nganh nghe tieu thu cong nghiep, dich vu, cac lang nghe truyen thdng, cac lang nghe mdi, xay dung va hinh khu cong nghiep, cum cong nghiep lang nghe, da nghe d ndng thon Trong thai gian tdi, de tiep tuc xay dung vd phat trien cac khu, cum cong nghiep lang nghe a Hung Yen, can xac dinh theo nhung quan diem sau: Mot la, nang cao nhan thuc day du ve vai trd va vi tri cua cac lang nghe tidu thu cong nghiep, cac khu cong nghiep, cum cong nghiep lang nghe dieu kien kinh te thi trudng dang hinh va phat trien Coi la hudng quan khai thac tiem nang, giai quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao dong d ndng thon, nang cao thu nhap va ddi song cho ngudi dan ndng thon, nang cao quy mua va sue mua cua thi trudng ndng thon, gop phan tang trudng kinh te, dong thdi la nhan to tich cue tao nen su phat trien ben vung kinh te ndng thon Hai la, phat trien cac lang nghe, xay dung cac khu, cum cong nghiep phai gan vdi qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng thon cua tinh, nham khai thac tot hon cac ngudn luc, nang cao hieu qua san xuat d ndng thon va dua ndng thon Hung Yen cang phat trien theo hudng ndng thon - thi, ndng thon - van hoa, ndng thon - sinh thai Ba la, khdi phuc va phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thdng gan vdi phat -110- trien du lich (du lich lang nghe), nham khai thac tiem nang, phat trien manh me hon khu vuc du lich cua tinh nhung nam tdi Bdn la, phat trien cac lang nghe, cum cdng nghiep phai dat co cau kinh te ndng thdn hop ly Cac nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep la bo phan cau cua kinh te ndng thdn va cd quan he gan bo vdi kinh te ndng nghiep, tao mot co cau kinh te hop ly Khoi phuc va phat trien cac lang nghe, khu, cum cdng nghiep phai dem lai hieu qua kinh te xa hoi Hieu qua kinh te trudc het the hien qua viec su dung cac nguon luc, nang cao / r f > nang suat lao dong Nam la, phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thong, cum cdng nghiep lang nghe phai di ddi vdi xay dung va phat trien ndng thdn mdi, giu gin, chon loc cac thuan phong my tuc va cac gia tri truyen thong Sau la, phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thong phai gan vdi bao ve moi trudng sinh thai, dam bao cho su phat trien ben vung ndng thdn Phuang huong phat trien lang nghe thu cdng nghiep giai doan tdi la: phat huy nganh nghe truyen thong dia phuong tren co sd nang cao chat luong, gia tri dac thu cua cac san pham lang nghe, xay dung lang nghe mdi, tao viec lam thu hut nhieu lao dong, tang co cau gia tri cac san pham thu cdng nghiep ndng thdn tu 25 % nam 2005 len 40% nam 2010 va 50%-60% vao nam 2015, phan dau dat gia tri xuat khau tu san pham lang nghe truyen thong va lang cd nghe toan tinh len tren 10 trieu USD/nam, coi day la the manh cua Hung Yen Bien phap tiep tuc xay dung va phat trien lang nghe, cac khu, cum cdng nghiep lang nghe can tap trung chi dao thuc hien thdi gian tdi: - Day manh cdng tac xay dung quy hoach, ke hoach phat trien lang nghe Chien luoc phat trien lang nghe la mot bo phan quan cua chien luoc phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua mdi dia phuong Tren co sd quy hoach, ke hoach, chinh quyen cac cap de cac bien phap dong bo ve mat bang san xuat va kinh doanh, ky thuat va cdng nghe, nhung giai phap ve von va to chuc quan ly phu hop vdi thuc tien dia phuong de thuc day phat trien cac nganh nghe, lang nghe nhu: sap xep bo tri cac khu dan cu, nha cua, cdng xuong, nguyen vat lieu vua dam bao cho cac co sd san xuat kinh doanh hoat dong, lai vua bao ve canh quan sinh thai - Ill - va moi trudng cho dan cu cac lang nghe - Tiep tuc doi moi chinh sach va co che quan ly thi trudng dat dai, thi trudng bat dong san Mat khac, can hoan thien cong cu, bien phap dieu tiet thi trudng dat dai, binh on thi trudng dat dai de tao dieu kien gop phan on dinh san xuat kinh doanh cua cac lang nghe truyen thong, khu cong nghiep, cum cong nghiep lang nghe Thuc hien chinh sach uu tien ve mat bang dap ung yeu cau phat trien hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua cac ho, doanh nghiep co huong kinh doanh tot Can tang quyen tu chu cho cac ho, doanh nghiep su dung dat de san xuat kinh doanh cac san pham cong nghiep va tieu thu cong nghiep - Dong bo hoa va cu the hoa chinh sach dau tu, ho tro xay dung cac cum cong nghiep lang nghe, don gian hoa cac thu tuc dang ky dau tu va phan dinh ro co che quan ly cac cum cong nghiep lang nghe Tiep tuc cai each thu tuc thue dat theo hudng “mot cua”, ngan chan hien tuong thu cac khoan phi phi chinh thuc de giam gia thue dat thuc te, gop phan giam chi phi dau vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh Dac biet, tao su binh dang giua cac phan kinh te tham gia thue dat - Tiep tuc hoan thien chinh sach dau tu va tin dung nham ho tro cho cac lang nghe, khu, cum cong nghiep Ho tro hon nua von dau tu phat trien va tin dung uu dai cho cac nghiep chu d cac lang nghe, khu, cum cong nghiep theo hudng co tam, diem Nha nudc can co chinh sach lai suat hop ly, don gian hoa cac thu tuc cho vay trung han va dai han ddi vdi cac nganh nghe va cac san pham can khuyen khich phat trien Khai thac moi ngudn von de md rong quy md san xuat, doi mdi thiet bi cong nghe Nha nudc can cd chinh sach dau tu von, dong thdi huy dong von tu cac doanh nghiep de bao ve, xu ly giam thieu tinh trang o nhidm mdi trudng hien Nganh tai chinh can tham muu yr ■» •> ' ' ' de xuat vdi tinh de cd chinh sach on dinh va uu dai ve thue doi vdi cac lang nghe mdi duoc khoi phuc, nganh nghe mdi phat trien Tinh can cd chinh sach khuyen khich su tham gia cua cac to chuc tin dung va cung cap dich vu tin dung cho phat trien san xuat cua cac lang nghe truyen thong, cum, khu cong nghiep lang nghe Can danh mot phan von ngan sach de ho tro cho cong tac khuyen cong, dao tao nghe, phat trien ket cau tang, dau tu xu ly phe thai, -112- bao ve moi truong sinh thai - De tao dieu kien hon nua cho cac doanh nghiep cac lang nghe, cum cong nghiep lang nghe tham gia dau tu san xuat kinh doanh, khuyen khich cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai lien doanh vdi cac nghiep chu d lang nghe truyen thdng, hoac dau tu vao cac khu, cum cong nghiep Khuyen khich bao ton cac cong nghe truyen thdng, nang cao tinh xao va gia tri van hoa, tham my cua san pham lang nghe truyen thdng Can cd chinh sach ton vinh, uu dai, tan dung cac nghe nhan khuyen khich truyen nghe, day nghe cho lop tre Dinh ky to chuc xet cong nhan va trao tang danh hieu cao quy Dong thdi can cd che khen thuong doi vdi nhung tho gidi, nhung nha kinh doanh lam nhieu san pham cd chat lupng cao, xuat khau nhieu, nhung ngudi cd sang kien cai tien may moc thiet bi, cong nghe san xuat Dac biet, khuyen khich nhung doanh nghiep tao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong, thu nhap on dinh va mot tang - Tiep tuc hoan thien chinh sach khoa hoc-cong nghe va chinh sach bao ve mdi trudng nham ho tro va nang cao sue canh tranh cua cac san pham lang nghe truyen thdng Chinh sach khoa hoc can tiep tuc hoan thien theo hudng: tao nhieu co hoi tiep can thdng tin khoa hoc-cong nghe cho cac doanh nghiep d cac lang nghe truyen thdng nhu thdng tin ve mau ma, thiet ke san pham, nhu cau tieu dung cua khach hang, cung nhu cac quy dinh cua ngudi tieu f \ \ rv dung Ddi mdi, hoan thien chinh sach dao tao ngudn nhan luc nham ho tro va nang cao sue canh tranh cua san pham cac lang nghe truyen thdng va cac cum cong nghiep lang nghe - Can tiep tuc hoan thien he thdng phap luat va tao mdi trudng kinh doanh thuan lpi cho cac lang nghe, nganh nghe thu cong nghiep ndng thon Ngoai chinh sach chung lien quan den phat trien nganh nghe, nha nudc can cd mot he thdng chinh sach rieng cho lang nghe noi chung va lang nghe \ r truyen thdng noi rieng Tang cudng su phoi hop dong bo giua cac cap, cac nganh tren co sd phan cong phan cap, giao trach nhiem ro rang viec thuc hien quy hoach, xay dung va to chuc thuc hien -113 - 3.2.5.2 Duy tri ban sac van hoa nong thon, nang cao chat luong doi song ngubi dan nong thon Thu nhat: Qui hoach, dau tu kinh phi tu ngan sach de tri vd phat ■> \ r •> r trien van hoa lang que, ket hap vdi tuyen truyen bien, xay dung hinh anh dac trung cua lang que Hung Yen Van hoa nong thon la noi giu gin ban sac van hoa truyen thong cua dan toe va dac trung cua moi vung que O nhung nuoc dang phat trien cung nhu b nudc ta, kho co the thay b mot noi heo lanh nao cua dat nudc giu nguyen trang cac net van hoa co truyen Hau nhu moi ngubi dan deu biet su dung cac tuu ky thuat hien daica san xuat ndng nghiep ldn doi song hang nhu giao due, y te, giai tri, phuong tien di lai, dung cu sinh hoat gia dinh Tuy nhien, trang phuc truyen thong, kien true, noi b va noi sinh hoat cong dong, le hoi, tap tuc song, quan niem dao due, he thong than toe van dang dupe ton tai va tri No nhu thuoc danh gia sir phong phu cua tri tue dan toe qua nhieu doi, la diem phan biet gitra cac dan toe, quoc gia Nhung yeu to truyen thong thuong dupe luu giu dam net b cac lang que hon la b thi Tuy nhien viec tri ban sac van hoa nong thon gap khong it kho khan xu hudng CNH, HDH nong nghiep, nong thon, xu hudng hudng ngoai lam cho it nhieu da bo quen ban sac van hoa a r thdn que Hung Yen la tinh dong bang chau tho Song Hong, co Pho Hien la thuong cang dang ngoai, dupe hinh tu the ky thu 16, dupe menh danh mot thoi la “thu nhAt Kinh Ky, thu nhi Pho Hien”, noi day la mot nhung cai noi cua ngubi Viet co, mang dam net dac trung cua nen van minh lua nudc, qua dong thoi gian dai cua lich su song net van hoa dac trung cua Hung Yen van khong he phai mb nhu: Hat quan; hat cheo; hat a dao ; theo thong ke, Hung Yen co hon 800 di tich lich su van hoa, 132 di tich dupe xep hang quoc gia, dung thu toan quoc, ma cac cdng trinh tin ngudng, ton giao chiem sd nhieu, gan vdi moi di tich la mot net dac trung van hoa cua tung vung que -114- De tri va phat huy ban sac van hoa lang que, Hung Yen can co cac giai phap dong bo tu viec lap qui hoach, bao ton nhung di chi van hoa; tang dau tu tu ngan sach de tri, phuc che, phat huy truyen thong van hoa dac trung, xay dung hinh anh Hung Yen thoi ky doi moi gan vdi nhung net van hoa noi tieng truyen thong dac trung nhu hat quan, xay dung hinh anh tap tuc sinh hoat, buon ban sam uat cua thuong cang Pho Hien mot thoi noi tieng 77/z? hai: Chu dong tang hudng thu cho ngudi dan ndng thon ve van y hod - giao due - the thao -y te -vui choi gidi tri de giam bdt su each biet vdi thi., tren co sd tri ban sac van hoa lang que Ngudi dan ndng thon cam nhan su thiet thdi so vdi thi chu yeu la d muc hudng thu tang kinh te - xa hoi, str cham soc sue khde, giao due va r \ r y \ \ phat ttr su bat cong bang ve hudng thu thi rat can phai dau tu, phat trien manh hon ket cau tang kinh te - xa hoi ndng thon Dac biet la tang y te - trudng hoc, noi sinh hoat cong dong, noi vui choi the thao, cac hoat dong van nghe den tan lang, ban Dong thdi cd co che day manh cac hoat dong d vung ndng thon de ngudi dan moi lua tudi cd the de dang tham gia, duoc hudng thu cac loi ich Trudc mat x x r r Ve Y te: Trong thdi gian ttr tdi 2012, can uu tien cho nang cap hoan chinh benh vien huyen Cac xa vung sau, vung kho khan phai uu tien kien cd hoa tram xa hoac cum 2-3 xa Dong thdi nang cao nang luc cho cac co sd y r r r ve co sd vat chat, thiet bi va sd luong bac sy Ve the thao, van hod: - O xa: Quy hoach mdi xa cd khu van hoa, the thao Trudc mat xay dung san van dong du chuan Tung buoc md rong cac mon khac; kien cd hoa nha van hoa gan vdi khu tru sd va cac cong trinh cong cong xa mot khu trung tam hoan chinh va hien dai - O thon: Quy hoach va xay dung diem choi the thao (gan vdi nha van hoa thon) Dam bao dieu kien vui choi hang cho moi lua tudi (bong da mini, cau long, bong chuyen, bong ban, cd tuong ).Quy hoach va kien cd -115- hoa moi thon nha van hoa dam duong chuc nang hoi hop va hoc tap cua cong dong thon, co tu sach va phong doc sach, co he thong vi tinh noi mang de cung cap thong tin va hoc tap tin hoc cho nien Chinh sach an sinh xa hoi cho ngudi dan ndng thon - Nghien cuu, thuc hien thi diem co che ngan sach nha nudc ho tro mot phan phi bao hiem cho ngudi nong dan tham gia bao hiem nong nghiep doi vdi cay va vat nuoi, bao hiem thien tai mua mang cho nong dan; hinh Quy rui ro thien tai nham huy dong cac nguon luc xa hoi (ngudi dan cac co so san xuat tham gia dong gop ) dap ung yeu cau nguon tai chinh nham khac phuc nhanh, co hieu qua thiet hai thien tai gay ra, gop phan on dinh san xuat nong nghiep, ho tro thu nhap cho ngudi dan va lam cho cac nha dau tu vao nong nghiep, nong thon yen tam - Tiep tuc thuc hien chinh sach mua the bao hiem y te doi vdi ngudi ngheo, bao hiem y te doi vdi tre em dudi tuoi, tung budc nang menh gia the bao hiem y te de dam bao quyen loi duoc kham chua benh cho ngudi ngheo Nghien cuu ban hanh chinh sach bao hiem y te doi vdi cac ho can ngheo theo hudng: Nha nudc ho tro mot phan kinh phi cho ngudi thuoc ho can ngheo de mua bao hiem y te, dam bao thuc hien muc tieu ve bao hiem y te toan dan vao nam 2015; 3.2.5.3 Phat trien cac khu cong nghiep gan vdi bao ve moi trudng nong nghiep, nong thon Y nghia quan trong phat trien cac KCN chinh la phat trien san xuat, tang truong kinh te va dam bao ve sinh moi trudng Mot thuc te dang dat hien la cac KCN nhin chung he thong co so tang chua hoan chinh, ben canh cac nha may dang bat dau san xuat Do vay van de dat la can co gang giam thieu o nhiem moi trudng chat thai san xuat cong nghiep gay Thuc trang VEDAN lam o nhiem nguon nudc song Thi Vai, xuat hien cac lang ung thu o Phu Tho, Van Lam Hung Yen dang la hoi chuong bao dong ve van nan o nhiem moi trudng cac nha may san xuat cong nghiep gay Sau 10 nam tai lap tinh, vdi chinh sach thu dau tu hap dan cua tinh Hung -116- Yen, cong voi loi the dac dia cua tinh nam sat thu Ha Noi va vung tarn giac kinh te Ha Noi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh, la nhtrng loi the ma it tinh co duoc da giup Hung Yen thu hut dupe tren 800 du an dau tu vao va canh cac khu cong nghiep Song qua trinh phat trien cac khu cong nghiep, dac biet la van de nong voi viec thu hut dau tu thi van de nhidm moi truong cac Nha may cong nghiep thai la khong the tranh khdi Den chua co thong ke, danh gia chinh thuc mot each toan dien nao ve muc nhiem cua tat ca cac nha may va ngoai khu cong nghiep tren dia ban tinh Hung Yen thai ra, nhung thuc te vdi tren 200 nha may cdng nghiep hoat dong tren dia ban thi van de o nhiem moi trudng ddi vdi ndng nghiep va ndng thdn la van de rat can dupe quan tarn xem xet giai quyet Theo quy dinh, cac du an dau tu vao cac KCN phai dang ky dam bao mdi trudng, lap bao cao danh gia tac dong moi trudng trudc dupe cap Giay phep dau tu Nhung du an phai co hang muc xu ly chat thai thi phai x r r hoan tat cac cdng trinh xu ly chat thai mdi dupe phep hoat dong Tuy nhien tren thuc te trien khai xay dung du an thi tarn ly trung cac nha dau tu deu muon tiet kiem chi phi dau tu, nham tang hieu qua dau tu, chinh vi vay ma cac hang muc dau tu cho xu ly mdi trudng thudng bi cat xen vi khong true tiep lam tang lpi nhuan dau tu, day la nguyen nhan chinh lam anh hudng den van de o nhiem mdi trudng •> r De bao ve tot moi trudng ndng nghiep, ndng thdn qua trinh phat f x r r trien cac khu cdng nghiep can lam tot mot sd nhom giai phap sau: + Tang cudng phap che ve bao ve mdi trudng ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep da va dang hoat dong san xuat cdng nghiep tren dia ban thong qua viec tra, kiem tra, tuyen truyen, van dong, bien ve van de nguy hai cua viec mdi trudng bi o nhiem + Dieu tra, thong ke, danh gia tong hpp tac dong mdi trudng cua cac doanh nghiep san xuat tren dia ban, tu cd du doan, du bao chinh xac ve muc nhidm khong khi, o nhidm nguon nudc, o nhiem chat thai cdng nghiep, rac thai de cd phuong an xu ly nhiem hieu qua + Qui hoach va dau tu tu ngan sach khu xu ly chat thai tap trung cho cac -117- khu cong nghiep va cac doanh nghiep canh khu cong nghiep + Thu hut dau tu co chon loc va phan vung khu vuc du an dau tu theo muc nhiem de co giai phap xu ly nhiem tap trung tu tiep nhan du an dau tu - Kien quyet quan ly cac du an co gay nhiem moi trudng, bat buoc hoan thien cac cong trinh xu ly dam bao mdi trudng mdi duoc dua vao hoat dong - Cac KCN lap day duoc 50% dien tich thi phai tien hanh xay dung tram xu ly nudc thai tap trung - Dia phuong can quy hoach khu xu ly chat thai ran va yeu cau cac cong ty dau tu tang thuc hien bien phap xu ly chat thai ran thuong xuyen va triet de - Cd bien phap phoi hop gitra cac KCN va cac dia phuong bao ve mdi trudng, tranh gay o nhidm cho - Khuyen khich cac du an dau tu va san xuat khong gay o nhiem mdi trudng cac KCN - Khuyen khich cac phuong an ap dung tong hop cac giai phap cong ' ' z nghe xu ly mdi trudng Ap dung san xuat sach hon, tai che, tai su dung va xu ly chat thai cac KCN va de cac giai phap quan ly mdi trudng huu hieu dong bo tu Trung uong den dia phuong -118- KET LUAN Tren ca sb van dung cac phuong phap nghien ctru ket hap khao sat tong ket thuc tien, bam sat muc tieu va pham vi nghien cuu, luan van da giai quyet duoc mot so van de co ban sau: Mot la: Khai quat duoc co sb ly luan ve giai quyet dong bo cac van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon qua trinh phat trien cac khu cong nghiep Luan van lam ro duoc noi dung giai quyet dong bo ba van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon va tong ket bai hoc kinh nghiem cua viec giai quyet moi quan he b mot so dia phuong nubc Hai la: Phan tich ro thuc trang giai quyet dong bo cac van de ndng nghiep, nong dan, ndng thon qua trinh phat trien cac khu cong nghiep b tinh Hung Yen Luan van da phan tich, danh gia, tong ket nhung ket qua dat duoc va chi nhung mat han che cua viec giai quyet dong bo cac van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon Ba la: De xuat nhung giai phap chu yeu nham nang cao viec giai quyet dong bo cac van de nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon qua trinh phat trien cac khu cong nghiep Moi giai phap duoc tac gia neu deu co vi tri quan rieng, dong thoi chung co moi quan he huu co vbi Vi vay, trien khai thuc hien can phai duoc tien hanh dong bo Tuy nhien, theo tinh hinh thuc te co the lua chon, uu tien nhung giai phap cho phu hop nham mang lai hieu qua kinh te - xa hoi cao va ben vung Co nhung giai phap phai thuc hien mot thbi gian dai co the tu 10 den 20 nam sau, co nhung giai phap phai doi hoi thuc hien khan truong nhu: giai phap ve soat, dieu chinh, bo sung quy hoach; ve dao tao, boi dudng nguon nhan luc; ve ap dung tien bo khoa hoc- cong nghe; ve khai thac triet de loi the so sanh cua dia phuong de phat trien Hy vong nhung giai phap duoc de xuat de tai la dung hubng, gan vbi thuc tien va co tinh kha thi Tuy tac gia da danh nhieu thbi gian de nghien cuu nhung de tai khong tranh khoi nhung thieu sot su han hep kien thuc Tac gia rat mong nhan duoc su quan tam, dong gop y kien cua cac thay cd giao, cac chuyen gia va ban doc de co the tiep tuc hoan thien hon de tai nghien cuu \ r r \ r -119- DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • KHAM KHAO A Dam Smith (1997), Cua cai cua cac dan toe, NXB Giao due, Ha Noi Ban Bi thu Trung uong Dang khoa IV (1981), Chi thi 100-CT/TW, Ha Noi Ban chap hanh Trung uong so 26-NQ/TW (2008), Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Ian thu- bay Ban chap hanh Trung uong khoa X ve ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn, Ha Noi Ban chap hanh Dang bo tinh Hung Yen (2005), Van kien Bai hoi Ian thu-13, Hung Yen Ban chap hanh Dang bo tinh Hai Duong (2005), Van kien Dai hoi Ian thu 14, Hai Duong < X Ban chap hanh Dang bo tinh Vinh Phuc (2005), Van kien Dai hoi Ian thu 14, Vinh Phuc Ban Kinh te Trung uong (2005), Bao cao nam thuc hien nghi quyet 15- NQ/TW khoa IX ve day nhanh cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hod ndng nghiep, ndng thdn thai ky 2001 — 2010, Ha Noi Ban Tu tudng Van hoa Trung uong, Bo Ndng nghiep va PTNT (2002), Con dudng cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hod ndng nghiep, ndng thdn Viet Nam NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi Bo Chinh tri BCH TW Dang (2005), Nghi quyet 54 ve phat trien kinh te xa hoi vd dam bao an ninh quoc phong vung dong bang song Hong den 2010 vd dinh hudng den 2020, Ha Noi 10 Bo nong nghiep va cdng nghiep thuc pham (1993), Chu truong chinh sach cua Dang, nhd nudc ve tiep tuc doi mdi vd phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, NXB Ndng nghiep, Ha Noi ? r r \ \ 11 Bo ndng nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn (2001), Mot sd van de ve cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hod phat trien ndng nghiep vd kinh te ndng thdn thdi ky 2001 - 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xa hoi Vung kinh te diem Bac Bo den nam 2010 va tam nhin den nam 2020, Ha Noi 30 Nguyen Ke Tuan (2006), Cong nghiep hod, hien dai hod ndng nghiep, A A ndng thon d Viet Nam, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 31 Mai Thi Thanh Xuan (2004), Cong nghiep hod, hien dai hod ndng nghiep, ndng thon d Bac Trung Bo, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 32 Mot so trang Web: www.cpv.org.vn ww chungta com www.vnn.vn www laodong com www.mpi.gov www nongnghiep www tapchicongsan org