© ISO 2016 Physical and mechanical properties of wood — Test methods for small clear wood specimens — Part 14 Determination of volumetric shrinkage Propriétés physiques et mécaniques du bois — Méthode[.]
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13061-14 First edition 2016-11-15 Physical and mechanical properties of wood — Test methods for small clear wood specimens — Part 14: Determination of volumetric shrinkage Propriétés physiques et mécaniques du bois — Méthodes d’essais sur petites éprouvettes de bois sans défauts — Partie 14: Détermination du retrait volumique Reference number ISO 13061-14:2016(E) © ISO 2016 ISO 13061-14:2016(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f the requester ISO copyright o ffice Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 13061-14:2016(E) Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Principle Stereometric method 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Apparatus Preparation of test pieces for stereometric method Procedure Calculation and expression of results 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Apparatus Preparation of test pieces for immersion method Procedure Calculation and expression of results Immersion method Test report Bibliography © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii ISO 13061-14:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f electrotechnical standardization The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part In particular the different approval criteria needed for the di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted This document was dra fted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part (see www.iso.org/directives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights Details o f any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not constitute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to formity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 218, Timber This first edition o f ISO 13061-14 cancels and replaces ISO 4858:1982, which has been technically revised with regards to the sizes, moisture content o f test pieces and adjustment for moisture content A list of all parts in the ISO 13061 series can be found on the ISO website iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 061 -1 4: 6(E) Introduction The main purpose of this document is to establish the common international point of member countries of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), concerning testing methods for small clear wo o d s p eci mens and general re quirements © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved for de termi ni ng phys ical and mechanical prop er ties o f wo o d v INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13061-14:2016(E) Physical and mechanical properties of wood — Test methods for small clear wood specimens — Part 14: Determination of volumetric shrinkage Scope T h i s c ument s p e c i fie s me tho d s for the de term i nation o f volu me tric s h ri n kage o f wo o d Normative references T he fol lowi ng c u ments are re ferre d to i n the tex t i n s uch a way th at s ome or a l l o f thei r content s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s c u ment For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d appl ie s For u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s ISO 3129, Wood — Sampling methods and general requirements for physical and mechanical testing of small clear wood specimens Terms and definitions For the pu r p o s e s o f th i s c u ment, the term s and defi nition s given i n I S O 42 apply ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp Principle T h i s c u ment s p e c i fie s two me tho d s , s tere ome tric me tho d a nd i m mers ion me tho d, for de term i n i ng the volu me tric s h ri n kage b y me a s u ri ng volu me o f a te s t pie ce b e fore and a fter dyi ng to a s tant ma s s The volume is calculated as a product of the linear dimensions of the test piece in stereometric method and measured as the volume of water displaced, or the mass of the water displaced in immersion method The volumetric shrinkage is calculated as the change of the volume expressed as a percentage o f the origi na l volume T he i n itia l me as u rements s l l b e ta ken on te s t pie ce s i n gre en or fu l ly s atu rate d cond ition T he fi na l me a s urements s l l b e ta ken on te s t pie ce s i n ab s olutely d r y (oven- d r y) cond ition Stereometric method 5.1 Apparatus 5.1.1 Measuring instruments , capable of determining dimensions of the test piece to the nearest , mm, fitted with p arallel flat ends , each o f diameter mm to mm, and ap p lying a clamp ing fo rce which will no t caus e any de fo rmatio n greater than the p recis io n o f the ins trument A forced convection oven that can be maintained at a temperature of (103 ± 2) °C throughout the f be vented to allow the evaporated moisture to escape 5.1.2 drying chamb er o r the time required to dry the s p ecimen to the end p o int s hall b e us ed The oven s hall © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 13061-14:2016(E) 5.1.3 Desiccator, a vapour-tight container with absorbent material (e.g silica gel, calcium chloride, etc ) to maintain the air dry 5.1.4 Vessel , containing distilled water 5.1.5 Balance, accurate to 0,001 g 5.2 Preparation of test pieces for stereometric method 5.2.1 General The selection, preparation and the minimum number of test pieces shall be in accordance with ISO 3129 5.2.2 Test pieces for determining volumetric shrinkage Test pieces shall be cut from wood in green condition Test pieces shall be made in the form of rectangular prisms, with the size of at least 20 mm in radial and tangential directions and at least mm along the grain 5.2.3 Inclination of annual rings of test pieces The angle of inclination of annual rings to a pair of opposite radial faces of the test pieces shall not exceed 10° 5.2.4 Marking of measurement points Measurement points shall be marked at the middle of each surface of test piece The centre points shall be marked on both faces of tangential and radial surfaces for determining the dimension in radial and f at each stage of moisture conditions tangenti a l d i re c tion s , re s p e c tively D i men s ion s o the te s t pie ce s s l l b e me a s u re d b e twe en the marks 5.3 Procedure 5.3.1 Determination of the dimensions of test pieces in green or fully saturated condition T he moi s tu re content o f te s t pie ce s s l l b e s iderably h igher than the fibre s aturation p oi nt (FS P) When the moisture content is below FSP, soak the test pieces in distilled water at a temperature of f d through repeated measurements at the same points until the difference between two successive measurements does not exceed 0,01 mm In this case, it shall be reported that the results are obtained r1 and t1 f f (2 ± 2) ° C u nti l no ur ther cha nge i n d i men s ion s o cc urs C he ck the change s i n d i men s ion s ever y on te s t pie ce s wh ich have b e en previou s ly s o a ke d M e as u re the rad ia l and ta ngenti a l d i men s ion s , l l 5.3.2 , o e ach te s t pie ce to a n acc urac y o , 02 m m Determination of the dimensions of test pieces at absolutely dry (oven-dry) condition After air-seasoning, the test pieces shall be open-piled and dried to constant weight at a temperature of (103 ± 2) °C in the oven, ensuring no checks distorting their dimensions and shape occur Check the changes i n weights o f two or th re e control te s t pie ce s a fter h o f d r yi ng a nd rep e at the me as u rements ever y h or longer unti l the d i fference b e twe en two s ucce s s ive weigh i ng e s no t exce e d , % o f the test pieces or when the difference between two successive measurements does not exceed 0,02 mm of the corresponding dimension of the test piece Test pieces in which checks occurred during the test period shall be disregarded Cool the test pieces to room temperature in the desiccator Measure the radial and tangential dimensions, r2 , and t2 f f l l , o e ach te s t pie ce to an acc u rac y o , 02 m m © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 13061-14:2016(E) 5.4 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the total volumetric shrinkage, βV , a s a p ercentage b y Formula (1): ( l × l ) − ( l r2 × l t2 ) × 100 β V = r1 t1 l r1 × l t1 (1) where r1 and lt1 l are the d i men s ion s , i n m i l l i me tre s , o f the gre en or fu l ly s atu rate d te s t pie ce, me as u re d i n the rad ia l and ta ngentia l d i re c tion s , re s p e c tively; r2 and lt2 l are the dimens ions , i n mi l li metres , o f the tes t piece at abs olutely dr y (oven- dr y) condition, me as u re d i n the rad ia l a nd ta ngentia l d i re c tion s , re s p e c tively E xpre s s the re s ult to the ne are s t ,1 % The mean and the standard deviation of the results obtained for the individual test pieces in a sample sh a l l b e c a lc u late d to a n acc u rac y o f ,1 % Immersion method 6.1 Apparatus A forced convection oven that can be maintained at a temperature of (103 ± 2) °C throughout the f be vented to allow the evaporated moisture to escape 6.1.1 drying chamb er 6.1.2 o r the time required to dry the s p ecimen to the end p o int s hall b e us ed The oven s hall Desiccator, a vapour-tight container with absorbent material (e.g silica gel, calcium chloride, etc ) to maintain the air dry 6.1.3 Vessel , containing distilled water 6.1.4 Balance , accurate to 0,001 g 6.2 Preparation of test pieces for immersion method 6.2.1 The selection, preparation and the minimum number of test pieces shall be in accordance with ISO 3129 6.2.2 Tes t p ieces fo r determining vo lumetric s hrinkage by immers io n metho d may b e made in any shapes and shall be at least cm3 in volume 6.3 Procedure 6.3.1 Determination of the volume of test pieces in green or fully saturated condition T he moi s tu re content o f te s t pie ce s s l l b e s iderably h igher tha n the fibre s atu ration p oi nt (FS P) When the moisture content is below FSP, soak the test pieces in distilled water at a temperature of f repeated measurements until the difference between two successive measurements does not exceed 0,01 cm3 In this case, it should be reported that the results are obtained on test pieces which have been (2 ± ) ° C u nti l no u r ther cha nge i n volu me o cc u rs C he ck the cha nge s i n volu me ever y d th rough previou s ly s o a ke d Me a s u re the volu me o f e ach te s t pie ce s , V , to an acc u rac y o f , 01 cm by me as u ri ng the volume o f water d i s place d or b y me as u ri ng the mas s o f the water d i s pl ace d T he mas s i n gra m s i s nu meric a l ly e qua l to the volu me i n c ubic centi me tre s © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 13061-14:2016(E) 6.3.2 Determination of the volume of test pieces at absolutely dry (oven-dry) condition After air-seasoning, the test pieces shall be open-piled and dried to constant mass at a temperature of (103 ± 2) °C in the oven, ensuring no checks distorting their dimensions and shape occur Check the change s i n mas s o f two or th re e control te s t pie ce s a fter h o f d r yi ng and rep e at the me a s urements at i nter va l s o f ever y h or longer u nti l the d i fference b e twe en two s ucce s s ive weigh i ng e s no t exce e d , % o f the te s t pie ce s Te s t pie ce s i n wh ich che cks o cc urre d du ri ng the te s t p erio d sha l l b e d i s re garde d Cool the test pieces to room temperature in the desiccator Measure the volume, V2 , of each test piece to an acc u rac y o f , 01 c m C are s l l b e ta ken to prevent the i n fluence o f water ab s or p tion on the volu me me a s u rement at ab s olutely d r y (oven- d r y) cond ition 6.4 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the total volumetric shrinkage, βV , as a p ercentage, b y Formula (2): V −V β V = × 100 where V1 V2 (2) V1 i s the volume, i n c ubic centi me tre s , o f the gre en or fu l ly s aturate d te s t pie ce; i s the volume, i n c ubic centi me tre s , o f the te s t pie ce at ab s olutely d r y (oven- d r y) cond ition E xpre s s the re s u lt to the ne are s t ,1 % The mean and the standard deviation of the results obtained for the individual test pieces in a sample sha l l b e ca lc u late d to an acc u rac y o f ,1 % Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) a re ference to th i s c u ment, i e I S O 61-14; b) the s ampl i ng de ta i l s i n accordance with I S O ; c) the de tai l s p er tai n i ng to me a s u rements o f te s t pie ce s; d) the te s t re s u lts a nd thei r s tati s tic a l va lue s c a lc u late d a s s p e c i fie d i n e) the date when the te s t was c a rrie d out; 5.4 and 6.4 ; f) the name of the organization which carried out the test © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 13061-14:2016(E) Bibliography [1] ISO 24294, Timber — Round and sawn timber — Vocabulary © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 061 -1 4: 01 6(E) ICS 79.040 Price based on pages © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved