self-regulation - brain, cognition and development - a. berger (apa, 2011) ww

[...]... students who display more adaptive self-regulatory strategies demonstrate better learning and higher motivation for learning (Pintrich, 2000) For example, Perels, Gurtler, and Schmitz (2005) showed that combining training in self-regulation with instruction in problem solving was especially effective in enhancing self-regulation and achievement, and Rozendaal, Minnaert, and Boekaerts (2005) found that teachers... researchers in developmental psychology, developmental neuroscience, and in particular, those interested in attention, self-regulation, and their deficits Moreover, I hope that the volume will be useful and enlightening for educators and teachers coming from research circles who are interested in the growing bridge between the brain sciences and education INTRODUCTION 17 2 NEUROCOGNITIVE AND NEUROMOTIVATIONAL... interference, and so forth, it is most clearly measured by go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms (Aron & Poldrack, 2005) The go/no-go task involves two types of stimuli: a go stimulus and a no-go stimulus Participants are instructed to respond rapidly, generally with a keypress, to the appearance of the go stimulus only and refrain from responding to the no-go stimulus Efficient withholding of responses to the no-go... an A-not-B error and is made by human infants at about 8 to 9 months of age (Diamond, 1991) Lesions in no other area of the monkey brain produce this pattern of performance (Diamond & Goldman-Rakic, 1989; Diamond, Zola-Morgan, & Squire, 1989; see reviews in Diamond, 1991; and in Diamond et al., 1994) Imaging studies in humans support this localization A meta-analysis of block-designed and event-related... idea of a self-regulation “muscle,” which, when trained, gets stronger and stronger over time (Schmeichel & Baumeister, 2004) ORGANIZATION OF THIS BOOK Because of this book’s focus on the brain basis of self-regulation, Chapter 2 provides an overview of basic mechanisms involved in self-regulation and their brain infrastructure Next, Chapter 3 focuses on the maturation of these basic mechanisms and brain... that dictates the unfolding of self-regulation during childhood Children differ widely in their self-regulation, and the origins of these individual differences have captured researchers’ attention for many years Chapter 4 focuses on the nature and nurture elements that affect an individual’s ability to self-regulate In the section on the early biological bases of self-regulation, the chapter discusses... previously thought and, thus, that the speed and extent to which experience and behavior can shape the brain are greater than imagined (Diamond 16 SELF-REGULATION & Amso, 2008) In this context, an intriguing applied question that would be of special interest for the educator audience is how attentional–executive control training and curriculum-based interventions can improve self-regulation There is... modalities: the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop The visuospatial sketchpad is for processing and storing visual and spatial information, and the phonological loop is for verbal information The phonological loop is thought to consist, on the one hand, of a phonological store that holds auditory information for a few seconds and 34 SELF-REGULATION on the other hand, of a phonological rehearsal... resource, and precisely how does the resource operate? Moreover, to what extent can explanations of changes in fatigue, alertness, and motivation provide alternatives to the ego-depletion model? Overall, the strength model of self-regulation contributes the axis of time to our discussion about self-regulation, suggesting that there might be immediate consequences or a “price” to pay for the attempt to self-regulate... that the ACC monitoring activity in the theta frequency band could be seen as a violation of expectation process, that is, a monitoring process that compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between an expected stimulus and/ or action and a presented and/ or performed stimulus and/ or action In other words, we suggested that conflict and error detection are subcategories of the detection of . self-control as self-regulation. We self-regulate when- ever we adapt our emotions and actions to situational requirements as well as to social standards and norms that we have internalized. Self-regulation encompasses. brain is far more plastic at all ages than previously thought and, thus, that the speed and extent to which expe- rience and behavior can shape the brain are greater than imagined (Diamond 16 SELF-REGULATION &. be immediate consequences or a “price” to pay for the attempt to self-regulate. Self-Regulation as a Choice Between Goals An additional approach to self-regulation emanates from social psychol- ogy