CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 1 Câu điều kiện loại I 1 1 Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 1 Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai 1[.]
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Câu điều kiện loại I 1.1 Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại Câu điều kiện loại I gọi câu điều kiện có thực Điều kiện xảy tương lai 1.2 Cấu trúc – Công thức If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu) IF + Chủ ngữ + Động từ chia đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ + WILL + Động từ nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu có) Nói cách khác, câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn Chủ ngữ chủ ngữ trùng Bổ ngữ khơng có, tùy ý nghĩa câu Mệnh đề IF mệnh đề đứng trước hay sau Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia đơn, cịn động từ mệnh đề chia tương lai đơn Ví dụ: If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you (Nếu anh vào vườn tơi, chó tơi cắn anh đó.) If it is sunny, I will go fishing (Nếu trời nắng tốt, câu cá.) 1.3 Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1: Câu điều kiện loại cịn gọi câu điều kiện có thật Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để đặt điều kiện thực nêu kết xảy Câu điều kiện loại II 2.1 Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại 2: Câu điều kiện loại II cịn gọi câu điều kiện khơng có thực Điều kiện khơng thể xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng 2.2 Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu) Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia bang thái cách (past subjunctive), động từ mệnh đề chia điều kiện (simple conditional) Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) hình thức chia động từ giống hệt khư đơn, riêng động từ “to be” dùng “were” cho tất ngơi Ví dụ: If I were a bird, I would be very happy (Nếu chim, hạnh phúc.) Had he trained hard, he would have won the match 4.5 If not = Unless – Unless thường dùng câu điều kiện – lúc Unless = If not Ví dụ: Unless we start at once, we will be late If we don’t start at once we will be late Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exams If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exams Bài tập 1: Cho dạng động từ ngoặc If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _will have plenty of time If you (find) _find a skeleton in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ( feed) had fed _ the animals If you pass your examination, we (have) will have _a celebration Lisa would find the milk if she (look) looked _ for it in the fridge What (happen) will happen _if I press this button? The door will be unlocked if you (press) press _ the green button I should have voted for her if I (have) had had _ a vote then If you go to Paris, where you (stay) will you stay _? 10 If you (swim) swim _ in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold 11 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) _? 12 The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _thick 13 If the milkman (come) _, tell him to leave two pints 14 I (call) _ the office if I were you 15 Someone (sit) _on your glasses if you leave them there 16 You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) _so much 17 What I (do) _if I hear the burglar alarm? 18 If you (read) _the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question 19 If Mel (ask) _ her teacher, he’d have answered her questions 20 I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _a long ladder 21 Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _mad 22 If you were made redundant, what you (do) _? 23 We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) _out of petrol here 24 If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _ fit to drink 25 If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _ you 26 I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) _with me 27 You (not have) _ so many accidents if you drove more slowly 28 If you (wear) _ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you 29 If she (leave) _ the fish here, the cat will eat it 30 You (have) _ no trouble at school if you had done your homework 31 Unless you (tell) the truth, I won’t help you 32 You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change) _ your wet clothes 33 If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I (not buy) _ it 34 If they (hang) _ that picture lower, people would be able to see it 35 She (be) _able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel shoes 36 I (bring) _ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty 37 If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) _ electrocuted 38 If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) _ it 39 I (not buy) _ things on the installment system if I were you 40 Dan (arrive) _ safe if he drove slowly Bài 2: Chọn đáp án để điền vào chỗ trống If I the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have a have B would have C had had D should have I you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital a would have visited B visited C had visited D visit more help, I would call my neighbor a needed B should I need C I have needed D I should need then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years a had I known B did I know C If I know D If I would know Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? a spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incident again a I will never mention B I never mention c will I never mention D I don’t mention If I had known you were asleep, I so much noise when I came in a didn’t make B wouldn’t have made c won’t make D don’t make Unless you all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you a answered B answer C would answer D are answering Had you told me that this was going to happen, I it a would have never believed B don’t believe c hadn’t believed D can’t believe 10 If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone? a doesn’t agree B didn’t agree C hadn’t agreed D wouldn’t agree 11 J: “John went to the hospital alone”, K: “If ,I would have gone with him” a had he told me B he had told me C he has told me D he would tell me 12 If you , I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I didn’t want to bother you a had studied 13 B-studied C hadn’t studied D didn’t study Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?” Mary: “If I had needed, I you” a would call B called C would have called D will call 14 If someone in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?” a comes B came C come D should come 15 “Here’s my phone number” - “Thanks I‘ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow” a will need B need C would need D needed 16 If I didn’t work for an accounting firm, I in a bank now a work B will work C have worked D would work 17 The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved a was B is C were D had been 18-The education in Japan if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration a would go down B would have gone down c went down D had gone down 19 If there , the rice fields could have been more productive a had been enough water B were enough water c would be enough water D are enough water 20 The patient will not recover unless he an operation a had undergone B would undergo C undergoes D was undergoing 21 If she him, she would be very happy a would meet B will meet C met D should meet 22-If he a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post a had had B had C has D has had 23 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English a will go B would go C went D should have go to 24.The bench would collapse if they on it a stood B stand C standing D stands 25-If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight, a be B is C was Bài 3: Viết lại câu dạng câu điều kiện đảo ngữ If we go by train, it will be cheaper → _Should we go by train, it will be cheaper If Lan doesn’t hurry, she will be late → Should Lan not hurry, she will be late If the weather is rainy, we will stay at home → _Should the weather be rainy, we will stay at home If I had a map, I would lend it to you D were → _Were I to have a map, I would lend it to you If you had told me, I could have helped you → Had you told me, I could have helped you If I were your mother, I would insist you study harder → Were I to be ur mother _ If our leader calls, let me know immediately → _Should our leaders call, _ If I were a millionaire, I would buy that modern villa → Were I to be a millionaire _ If you had known my boss, you would have thought he was talented → Had you known my boss _ 10 If it hadn’t been for the thief, I wouldn’t have bought a new mobile phone → _Had it not been for the thief _ Bài 4: Chia động từ ngoặc với câu điều kiện hỗn hợp My daughter _would play (play) the violin well now if in the past, she had practiced _ (practice) every day. If she _had paid (pay) attention to the lessons last week, she would _ (do) the test now. I would make _ (make) pizza now if this morning we had bought _ (buy) all the ingredients. If you _ (clean) your room this morning, it _ (be) clean now. If she _ (do) her homework last night, the teacher _ (not scold) her now. If we _ (buy) that car last month, we _ (go) to work conveniently now. His son _ (not have) sore eyes now if he _ (not play) computer games for too long this afternoon. She _ (not feel) exhausted now if she _ (not swim) for nearly hours. If my daughter _ (call) her dad last night, she _ (not miss) him now. 10 If that man _ (win) the lottery last month, _ (have) an easier life now