Thúc đẩy xuất khẩu hàng hoá việt nam sang các nước thành viên apec

2562 LV ThS DHKTQD TRl/ClNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN *** Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HO A VIET NAM SANG CAC NUOC THANH VIEN APEC Chuyen nganh : Thirong Mai LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KIN Aim IEN NGLOI HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: GS.TS HOANG DUG THAN Ha Noi, Nam 2007 MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC CHIT VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOT NOI DAU CHVONG 1: NGHIEN CUU NHUNG CO SO DE THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HOA VIET NAM SANG CAC NIOC THANH VIEN APEC 1.1 Dien dan hop tac kinh te Chau A Thai Binh Durong (APEC) va z •> xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam 1.1.1 APEC va quan he thuong mai cua APEC 1.1.2 Vi tri va vai tro cua APEC xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam 1.1.3 1.2 Dac diem thi trudng cac nude vien APEC Nhifng loi the va han che xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam 11 14 sang cac nude vien APEC 1.2.1 Nhung loi the 14 1.2.2 Nhung han che 16 1.2.3 Tiem nang xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang APEC 19 1.3 Kinh nghiem thuc day xuat khau cua mot so nude vien 23 APEC 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem thuc day xuat khau cua mot so nude 23 1.3.2 Bai hoc rut cho Viet Nam 34 CHlTONG THVC TRANG XUAT KHAU HANG HOA VIET NAM SANG CAC 37 nuoc THANH VIEN APEC 2.1 Thuc trang quan he kinh te giira Viet Nam va APEC tir 1998 37 den 2.1.1 Khai quat mot so nude vien APEC co quan he XNK hang hoa 37 ldn vdi Viet Nam 2.1.2 Nhap khau hang hoa va dau tu tu cac vien APEC vao Viet 42 Nam 2.1.3 Vien tro kinh te cua APEC cho Viet Nam 46 2.1.4 Dong gop cua Viet Nam vdi APEC 49 2.2 Phan tich thuc trang xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang cac 51 nu’d’c vien APEC 2.2.1 Phan tich tdng hap ket qua xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang cac 51 nuac vien APEC 2.2.2 Phan tich xuAt khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam vao mot so nuac APEC 54 2.2.3 Phan tich cac hoat dong ho tra xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam 62 sang cac nuac vien APEC 2.2.4 Phan tich thuc trang moi truang vi mo cho xuat khau hang hoa Viet 70 Nam sang APEC 2.3 Danh gut tlucc trang xuat khau hang Viet Nam san g ca c 76 nu’d’c vien APEC 2.3.1 Nhung tuu va nguyen nhan 76 2.3.2 Nhung han che va nguyen nhan 82 CHVONG PHVONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP THUC DAY XUAT KHAU 87 HANG HOA VIET NAM SANG CAC NUOC THANH VIEN APEC DEN NAM 2010 3.1 Quan diem va phuong huo’ng phat trien quan he thuo’ng mai 87 Viet Nam va cac nud*c vien APEC 3.1.1 Du bao boi canh tac dong quan he Viet Nam - APEC 87 3.1.2 Quan diem thuc day quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - APEC 92 3.1.3 Phuong huang chien luac phat trien quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - 93 APEC 3.2 Gia i phap chung nhdnt thuc diy xua t khau hang hoa Viet Nam 66 sang cac nudc vien APEC 3.2.1 Giai phap hoan thien co che, chinh sach cua nha nuac de thuc day 96 xuat khau hang hoa 3.2.2 Giai phap nang cao hieu qua hoat dong phat trien thi truang va xuc 103 tien xuat khau vi mo 3.2.3 Giai phap nham giam chi phi kinh doanh, giao dich cho doanh 103 nghiep xuat khau 3.2.4 Giai phap ve phia doanh nghiep 105 3.2.5 Giai phap ve phia Hiep hoi 110 3.3 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang mot so 111 nuoc diem APEC 3.3.1 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Nhat Ban 111 3.3.2 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky 112 3.3.3 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Trung Quoc 118 3.3.4 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Singapore 119 3.3.5 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Oxtraylia 121 KET LU AN TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 123 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT ABAC Hoi dong Tu van kinh doanh APEC AELM Hoi nghi cac nha lanh dao kinh te APEC APEC Dien dan hop tac kinh te Chau A-Thai Binh Duong ASEAN Hiep hoi cac Quoc gia Dong Nam A EU Lien minh Chau Au FAO To chuc Luong thuc The gioi FDI Dau tu nuoc ngoai truc tiep FTA Hiep dinh uu dai Thuong mai GATT Hiep uoc chung ve Thue quan va Mau dich GDP Tong san pham quoc noi MFN Quy c he T o i hue quo c ODA Tro giup phat trien chinh thuc OPEC To chuc cac nuoc Xuat khau dau mo RTA Hiep dinh thuong mai khu vuc SOM Hoi nghi cac quan chuc cap cao WTO To chuc Thuong mai The gioi DANH MUC BANG BIEU Ten Trang Bang Cac nude vien APEC 12 Bang Nhap khau hang hoa tir cac vien APEC vao Viet Nam 43 Bang Dau tu tu cac vien APEC vao Viet Nam 45 Bang Xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang cac nude vien APEC 52 Bang Ty kim ngach xuat khau sang APEC so tong kim ngach 53 Bang Xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky 55 Bang Xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Nhat Ban 56 Bang Xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Trung Quoc 58 Bang Xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Oxtraylia 59 Bang 10 Xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Singapore 61 Bang 11 Cac nude vien APEC da cd quan he ngoai giao vdi Viet Nam 64 Bang 12 Co cau thi trudng xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang APEC 77 Ban Cac nude vien APEC Bieu Kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang APEC so tong kim ngach 53 - _ X X A TRVONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN * * * Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HO A VIET NAM SANG CAC Nl i('(C THANH VIEN APEC Chuyen nganh : Thuong Mai TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • Ha Noi, Nam 2007 • i LOI MO HAU Sir can thiet cua de tai Viet Nam chung ta dang budc vao thdi ky thuc hien cong nghiep hoa, hien dai A Z hoa dat nude tac dong cua toan cau hoa dang anh hudng cang manh me tdi hau khap moi quoc gia Xuat khau hang hoa la mot linh vuc quan cua nen r r r r t r kinh te quoc dan, co vai tro yeu doi vdi tang trudng va phat trien kinh te APEC, cua Viet Nam Ke t£r tro thanh vien chinh thuc cua APEC den xuat khau hang hoa cua ta vao thi truang rong ldn da dat duqc nhieu tuu dang khich le, dong gop cang cao cho su tang truang xuat khau cua ca nude noi rieng va cua ca nen kinh te noi chung Tuy nhien, nhung tuu ay van thuc su chua xung vdi tiem nang so vdi noi luc cua nganh ngoai thuang va so vdi nhu cau cua thi truang Vi vay viec nghien cuu, danh gia tinh hinh xuat khau hang hoa de de xuat nhung giai phap chu yeu nham thuc day xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam vao thi truang APEC giai doan mdi - giai doan day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va hoi nhap vdi kinh te khu vuc va the gidi, cd y nghia sau sac ca ve ly luan va thuc tien Tu thuc tien do, tac gia lua chon de tai nghien cuu “Thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang cac nu't'rc vien APEC" Muc tieu cua de tai - He thong hoa ly luan ve ca sd thuc day xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang cac nude vien APEC Nghien cuu va due rut mot so kinh nghiem thuc day xuat khau cua mot so nude cho xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam - Phan tich thuc trang xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang cac nude vien APEC Danh gia nhung tuu, han che va nguyen nhan xuat khau hang hoa 112 pham ma quan tam den chat luong, kieu dang va muc tien loi cua bao bi Gan day, hang hoa Viet Nam da co nhieu tien bo ve sang tac mau ma moi nhung van chua thuc su bat nhip voi thi trudng Nhat Ban hien duoc mot hinh anh dang tin cay, co tinh sang tao va dac biet la doanh nghiep co san pham vdi cac dac tinh van hoa d thi trudng sd tai - Tham gia chuong trinh xuc tien thuong mai nhu cac hoi cho trien lam quoc te, dac biet la cac hoi cho trien lam to chuc tai Nhat Ban; tang cuong gidi thieu, quang ba san pham tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung nhu tren cac kenh truyen thong, qua Internet Ddi vdi thi trudng Nhat Ban, tham gia hoi cho, trien lam la gidi thieu san pham mdi, tri mdi quan he vdi cac ddi tac cu va tim kiem, md rong quan he cac khach hang mdi Viec chon lua tham gia nhung hoi cho phu hop vdi muc tieu phat tridn cua minh la viec vo cung quan trong, nd lam giam chi phi va dem lai hieu qua cao Dat hang qua thu, tiep thi qua dien thoai, tiep xuc khach hang true tiep, ban hang qua mang va thuong mai dien tu la mot phuong phap ban hang hap dan cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tiep can vdi khach hang khong phai thdng qua cac kenh phan phoi truyen thdng - Thanh lap cac van phong dai dien hay chi nhanh tai Nhat Ban va tim cac nha phan phoi dang tin cay He thdng phan phoi hang hoa d Nhat cd vai trd rat quan Doanh thu ban hang cua san pham nhap khau mdi phu thuoc rat nhieu vao he thdng phan phoi 3.3.2 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky Cho den nay, cd mat hang cd trien vong xuat khau sang My Do la det may, go noi that, nong san, giay dep, thuy san Vi vay nhung giai phap cu the de thuc day 113 xuat khau sang Hoa Ky cung tap trung vao mat hang 3.3.2.1 Doi vol hang d miy Can ap dung cac giai phap sau: - Lien ket san xuat: khong han ngach nen cac doanh nghiep nhap khau Hoa Ky co xu hudng se tap trung nhap hang on dinh tu mot so nha cung cap nhat dinh de de quan ly chat luong va tao suc ep giam gia, thay vi cho phan tan tu nhieu nha san xuat khac o nhieu nudc khac nhu hien Nhieu nghien cuu cho thay sau bo han ngach, cac nha ban le chu nhap hang tu cac nha may co tu 1.000 cong nhan tro len Do vay, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam phan ldn la cac doanh nghiep vua va nho can phai to chuc lien ket san xuat hoac tham chi sap nhap de co the tro doi tac chien luoc va lau dai cua cac nha nhap khau Hoa Ky - Phat trien san xuat linh hoat “lean manufacturing” de phu hop vdi xu hudng ban le linh hoat “lean retailing” dang dien tai hau het cac nudc cong nghiep Phuong thuc kinh doanh doi hOi cac nha cung cap nudc ngoai phai co nang luc to chuc san xuat de co the san xuat duoc nhieu chung loai pham hon, vdi so luong moi chung loai it hon, nhung van dam bao giu duoc don gia san xuat o muc nhu san xuat hang loat cac don hang co so luong ldn; dam bao thdi gian giao hang thuong la ngan hon nhiSu; va phai co kha nang trao doi thong tin thuong xuyen hang tuan vdi cac nha nhap khau/bdn le - Phat trien kinh doanh chien luoc vdi cac hang ban le ldn Cac to chuc ban le ldn o cac nudc tieu dung cang co anh huong va chi phoi san xuat Cac nhom ban le ldn tap trung nghien cuu ve xu hudng tieu dung, mau mot va thi hieu de dat hang vdi cac doi tac san xuat; vay, co kha nang chi phoi doi vdi cac nha san xuat Tuy nhien, cac nha san xuat nudc ngoai cung se co loi hop tac vdi nhung nhom ban le ldn ho khong phai dau tu nghien cuu thi trudng va san pham, va co the tap trung nguon luc cho san xuat D6i vdi cac doanh nghiep san xuat Viet Nam noi chung va nganh det may 114 noi rieng, khong co kha nang nghien chu thi truong, khong co thuong hieu san pham rieng, cho nen, phat trien moi quan he kinh doanh chien luoc voi cac tap doan ban le ldn Hoa Ky la hudng di thich hop nhat hien - Mot so bien phap xuc tien thuong mai tai Hoa Ky Cac hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai cua nganh det may tai Hoa Ky cac nam tdi can tap trung vao viec ho tro cac nha san xuat Viet Nam tiep xuc va thiet lap quan he kinh doanh vdi cac cong ty nhap khau Hoa Ky Hiep hoi det may Viet Nam (VITAS) can lam dau mdi de to chuc cho cac doanh nghiep nganh tham gia thuong xuyen it nhat la Hoi cho qudc te hang may mac tai Las Vegas 3.3.2.2 Ddi vdi hang thuy san - Da dang hoa san pham: Ngoai tom dong lanh la nhom hang phai chiu thue chdng pha gia, Viet Nam cd the tang xuat khau tom ngam bot, tom bao bot, tom la r r i r t nguyen lieu che bien cac san pham khac Canh tranh xuat khau tom bao bot vao Hoa Ky cac nam tdi chac chan se quyet liet hon, nhat la tir Trung Qudc Tuy nhien, vdi dung luong thi trudng noi chung tang nhanh va uu the cua tom bao bot Viet Nam, Viet Nam hoan toan cd kha nang tang khoi luong va tri gia xuat khau loai tom vao Hoa Ky - Giam chi phi san xuat noi chung va tiet kiem so/khoi luong dau vao cua tom dong lanh noi rieng, de giam muc thue chdng pha gia Neu cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cd thd tidt kiem duoc khoi luong dau vao nhu noi tren thi DOC tien hanh xem xet lai hang nam se cd co hoi giam dupe muc thue chdng ban pha gia hoac it nhat la tranh dupe tinh trang thue thuc te phai nop cao hon thue du tinh ket luan cuoi cung cua DOC - Nang cao chat luong san pham: Day khong phai la khau hieu chung chung nua ma la yeu cau sat sudn de vira gifr vung va tang thi phan vira de giu hoac tang gia ban nham giam thue chdng ban pha gia, hoac it nhat la tranh trudng hop muc thue thuc te 115 phai nop cao hon muc thue du tinh Cac mat hang thuc pham noi chung, co thuy hai san rat nhay cam vdi yeu cau ve sinh va an toan thuc pham cua Co quan An toan Ve sinh Thuc pham va Duoc pham Hoa Ky (FDA) Neu chang may co khuyen cao cua FDA hang Viet Nam khong dam bao ve sinh, khong an toan doi vdi sue khde thi rat kho cd the giu duoc thi trudng - Thanh lap cong ty tai Hoa Ky de true tiep nhap khau va ban buon cho cac nha ban buon va phan phoi Trude mat, cac cong ty cd the true tiep nhap khau va cung ung san pham cho cac nha ban buon va phan phoi, va dan dan vdi tdi cac he thdng sieu thi ban le hoac nha hang ldn Mot giai phap cd the tinh den la mot sd cong ty xuat khau ldn cua Viet Nam cd the hop tac mot cong ty co phan tai Hoa Ky - Xay dung thuang hieu: Nganh thuy hai san can xay dung thuang hieu cho thuy hai san thi cung nen nghien cuu ky va tap trung xay dung thuang hieu cho mot vai san pham che bien sau, doc dao, va cd sue canh tranh lau dai - Cac hoat dong xuc tien thuang mai khac cua Hoa Ky Cac hoat dong xuc tien thuang mai nha nudc tai Hoa Ky thdi gian tdi nen tap trung ho tra cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tiep can va thiet lap quan he kinh doanh vdi cac doanh nghiep Hoa r Ky va can tap trung vao nhung san pham ngoai tom dong lanh Trong may nam qua, ■> VASEP da thuong xuyen td chuc cho cac doanh nghiep che bien va xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam tham gia hoi cho thuy san duoc td chuc hang nam vao thang tai Boston va thang 10 tai Bd Tay Hoa Ky VASEP can tiep tuc tri hoat dong Bo Thuang mai can dua viec tham gia hai hoi chg vao chuong trinh XTTM diem qudc gia hang nam dn dinh it nhat la 3-5 nam de VASEP chu dong ky hop dong thue gian hang dai han va td chuc cho cac doanh nghiep tham gia 3.3.2.3 Ddi voi hang giay dep - Chien luge canh tranh: Nhieu chuyen gia giay dep Hoa Ky va Viet Nam danh gia Viet Nam rat khd canh tranh dugc vdi Trung Qudc d nhung mat hang chat lugng 116 thap va gia re Vi vay, cung giong nhu mat hang quan ao, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can tan dung loi the cong nhan re va kheo tay de tap trung san xuit cac mat hang co chat luong tu cap trung binh tro len de canh tranh xuat khau vao Hoa Ky - Doi tuong tiep can va ho tro: Cac doanh nghiep nuoc ngoai va co vOn diu tu nuoc ngoai hau nhu khong can den su ho tro cua nha nuoc v£ xuc tien thuong mai o nuoc ngoai Doi tuong can su tro giup chu yeu la cac doanh nghiep 100% vOn nuoc - Tham gia hoi cho: Cung giong nhu nganh may mac, Hiep hoi da giay Viet Nam (LEASO) can lam dau moi de to chuc cho cac doanh nghiep nganh tham gia thuong xuyen hoac moi nam mot lan it nhat la Hoi cho quoc te giay dep tai Las Vegas (WSA Show) Nguon kinh phi ho tro cac chuong trinh xuc tien thuong mai diem quoc gia can ho tro on dinh it nhat la chi phi gian hang thoi gian dai de LEFASO co the ky hop dong thue dien tich va dan dung gian hang on dinh lau dai de vua tiet kiem chi phi vua tang hieu qua tham gia Cac chi phi tham gia khac cac doanh nghiep tham gia tu tuc hoan toan hoac duoc Nha nuoc ho tro mot phan - Xay dung thuong hieu: Viec xay dung thuong hieu giay dep o Hoa Ky la viec vo cung kho khan vi nhieu nguyen nhan Thay vi cho tien vao xay dung thuong hieu mot cach lang phi, cac doanh nghiep nen tap trung nguon luc nang cao nang luc san xuat de co the tro doi tac san xuat chien luoc cua cac hang giay dep lon nuoc ngoai, va phat trien kha nang tu thiet ke mau ma de dan dan tiep can voi cac hang co thuong hieu noi tieng khong chuyen ve giay dep va cac hang ban le lon de san xuat va cung cap san pham mang thuong hieu cua chinh ho 3.3.2.4 Doi v&i licu^ng (to go noi that - Mo rong quy mo san xuat va san xuat linh hoat: Giong nhu nganh det may, thay vi cho dat mot don hang lon nhap ve kho roi phan phoi cho cac cua hang he thong cua minh, cac nha nhap khau va phan phoi, hoac ban le lon Hoa Ky dang co xu 117 hudng se dat nhi£u don hang nho vdi thdi gian giao hang ke tiep va tdi nhieu dia chi khac de tranh dong von, giam chi phi nhap khau va phan phoi cho ban than minh, ddng thdi don nhung chi phi sang cho cac nha cung cap Phuong thuc kinh doanh doi hoi cac nha cung cap Viet Nam phai co nang luc to chuc san xuat va giao hang kip thdi va phai trao doi thong tin thudng xuyen vdi cac nha nhap khau - Chu y den khau xu ly go va nguon nguyen lieu Thi trudng Hoa Ky co nhu cau ldn ddi vdi cac loai go lam tu go cung nhu go anh dao, go bach, go sen dac biet la cac loai go cung nhap tu Bdc My Mot so loai cung cua Viet Nam cung duoc thi trudng Hoa Ky chap nhan song phai dam bao la go lanh va co chung chi rung, Ve lau dai, nganh cong nghiep go Viet Nam can phai chu dong khau che bien go veneer de cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep nudc Khau say go va hoi am cung phai chu vi thi trudng Hoa Ky doi hoi am tuong doi thap tu 8-10% - Da dang hoa san pham: can co su chuyen hudng tu san xuat hang ngoai trdi (outdoor) sang hang nha (indoor) dong thdi tang ty le hang cao cap co cau cac mat hang noi that vi lam hang cao cap co lai suat cao, tan dung duoc loi the canh tranh cua ta la tay nghe kheo leo cua cong nhan Ngoai cac san pham don thuan lam tu go, cSn phat trien cac mat hang noi that lam tu cac chat lieu khac hoac ket hop nhieu chat lieu mot san pham noi that Viec da dang hoa san pham khong nhung giup tham nhap thi trudng de dang hon ma tranh kha nang bi kien pha gia tren thi trudng Hoa Ky, bai hoc rut tu vu kien ca tra/basa va vu tom cua Viet Nam - Nang cao vai tro cua cac hiep hoi noi that: Hiep hoi phai to chuc nghien cuu v6 thi trudng, mlu ma, lam cau noi phoi hop nhap nguyen lieu tap trung, to chuc tham gia hoi cho, to chuc nghien cuu chien luoc phat trien nganh va kien nghi Nha nudc ban hanh chinh sach phat trien nganh - Xuc tien thuong mai tai Hoa Ky: Nganh san xuat go noi that cua Viet Nam dang thu hut duoc su chu y cua cac doanh nghiep nhap khau Hoa Ky Cuc xuc tien thuong mai can phoi hop vdi Hiep hoi go tri to chuc cho cac doanh nghiep Viet 118 Nam tham gia thuong xuyen hoi cho quoc te ve gia dung nha tai Hight Point, Bac Carolina va hoi cho go Las Vegas 3.3.3 Giai phap thuc day xuat ldiau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Trung Quoc - Hieu tap quan tieu dung va kinh doanh cua nguoi Trung Quoc Mac du rtt coi hang san xuat nuoc, nhieu nguoi Trung Quoc van chon mua hang nhap khau, nhtt la nhung mat hang cong nght cao Ho thuong chon san pham noi dia mua dO gia dung (may giat, tu lanh, may dieu hoa, lo vi ba ), va thich san pham cong nght cao nhap khau nhu may quay phim, ditn thoai di dong, may in Doanh nhan Trung QuOc thich lam bien mau Co le ly chinh la vi Chinh phu nuoc ho khuyen khich bien mau thong qua vitc giam thue nhap khau va thue gia tri gia tang Vi vay, doanh nhan Trung QuOc thuong san sang mua hang bien mau gia cao hon chinh ngach Tuy nhien, kiSu kinh doanh co the gay rui ro cho nguoi ban hang vi ho khong duoc toan thong qua ngan hang Khi xuat khau sang Trung Quoc, cac doanh nghitp Vitt Nam can chu y cac luat lt va quy dinh co lien quan Neu khong co han che ve so luong thi co the co su cam doan ddi voi mot so hinh thuc thuong mai va toan nhat dinh Cac doanh nghitp xutt khau sang Trung Quoc nen luu y nhung diem sau: - Thong tin ve xu huong nhap khau cua Trung Quoc Hang hoa duoc nhap khau nham dap ung nhu cau phat trien kinh te d tung giai doan khac Truoc day, Trung Quoc nhap khau chu yeu thiet bi, may moc loai nang va luong thuc Tuy nhien, tu nam 1974, nhap khau dan chuyen sang cac cong nght hitn dai, thiet bi chinh va nguyen litu c4n thiet cho san xuat cong nghitp va nong nghitp - Cac phai doan sang Trung Quoc: Cac cong ty nuoc ngoai co the duoc cac cong ty thuong mai Trung Qu6c moi sang dam phan kinh doanh can thiet Cac cong ty Trung Qu6c co the gui loi moi truc tiep den cac cong ty duoc moi hay thong qua bo phan thuong mai cua Dai su quan Trung Quoc Sau nhan duoc loi moi, cong ty 119 dugc mdi nen thong bao ro cho phia Trung Qudc ve so ngudi phai doan, r r > r r •> r r ~ den va so may bay khoang mot tuan trudc chuyen di de phia Trung Qudc sap xep cho d qua canh - Lien he vdi phai doan thuong mai hay cac cong ty thuang mai Trung Qudc z z t Hang nam, mot sd phai doan thuang mai cua Trung Qudc dugc cu nudc ngoai de mua hay co the ca mua va ban hang hoa Cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai co the tan dung co hoi de lien he vdi ho bdi vi nhung cuoc dam phan vdi ho cd the tao dugc nhung giao dich ma khong can phai den tan Trung Qudc Neu khong thuc hien dugc mot giao dich nao thi cac cong ty cung co the xay dung dugc mdi lien ket kinh doanh lam tidn de cho nhung giao dich tuong lai Nhieu doanh nghiep ngoai thuang va san xuat d cac tinh, va khu vuc tu tri da lap van phong dai dien va chi nhanh d nudc ngoai - Tao dieu kien cho khach hang hieu ro san pham cua minh Cac cong ty can cung cap thong tin can thiet ve cac san pham dinh ban sang Trung Qudc Cac thong tin nen dugc viet bang tieng Trung Qudc mot sd chuyen gia va ky thuat vien cua Trung Qudc khong biet ngoai ngu Quan la phai lam cac catagogue bang tieng Trung Qudc cac cong ty nudc ngoai muon ban may moc, thiet bi va cong nghe phuc tap sang Trung Qudc Cac cong ty nudc ngoai cung nen mdi khach hang Trung qudc sang tham nha may hay day chuyen san xuat de hg hieu ro hon ve nha may va san pham Giay mdi gui z Z > den cac cong ty thuang mai Trung Qudc can neu rd thoi gian bat dau chuyen vieng r y r r tham, thdi gian luu lai va sd ngudi dugc mdi 3.3.4 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Singapore Doanh nghiep xudt khau hang hoa sang Singapore can luu y nhung diem sau: Singapore dugc biet den la mot qudc gia cd nhieu kinh nghiem gia nhap WTO 120 nhanh, manh va on dinh, luon chu den phat trien cor so tang, luon de cao van dd bao ve ban quyen Do do, cac doanh nghiep nude ngoai luon cam thay yen tam vdi mdi trudng kinh doanh chac chan Hien co tren 700 tap doan da qudc gia dat van phong chinh thuc tai Singapore Day la dau mdi phan phat hang di khap the gidi va cd tiem nang tieu thu tai chd mot khoi luomg hang ldn nhu gao, ca phe, thuy san, thu cong my nghe Tuy vay, Singapore khong phai la thi trudng de xam nhap Hang hoa tai thi trudng phai tuan thu Luat Kinh doanh nham dam bao chat luong va loi ich ngudi tieu dung Chang han, hang rau qua tuoi song, che bien deu phai duoc Cue nguyen lieu co ban ve thuc pham (AVA) kiem soat ve chat luong bang cac hinh thuc nhu cdp giay phep tir nguon, kiem tra dinh ky nguon hang nhap khau Chinh phu nudc tuyet doi khong cho phep nhap khau hang hoa, dung cu cho tieu dung nudc (tru hang chuyen khau) Hang hoa khong du tieu chuan nhap khau vao noi dia deu phai tai xuat hoac tieu huy Cac mat hang Viet Nam cd kha nang xuat sang Singapore la dim tho, cao su, ca phe, lac nhan, hat dieu, dau cac loai, che, rau qua, go, gom, quan ao may san, thiec, trung chim, hai san Hien d Singapore cd tru sd cua tren 5.000 cong ty da qudc gia va cong ty qudc te cd tiem nang ve von, ky thuat, mang ludi ban hang d khap the gidi Trong quan he vdi cac cong ty nay, doanh nghiep Viet Nam trudc ky hop ddng thuong mai can yeu cdu ho gui dang ky tai Sd Dang ky, qua cd the biet ro tu each phap nhan, von dang ky, linh vuc kinh doanh cua ho Cac doanh nghiep nen thong qua cac to chuc cd kha nang lam cau ndi cho doanh nghiep Nhung cong ty se cung cap cho doanh nghiep thong qua tin thi trudng, tu van ve ke hoach kinh doanh De thuc diy xuat hang vao thi trudng Singapore thdi gian tdi, Viet Nam can lap phong trung bay va gidi thieu san pham de quang ba san pham vdi cac khach hang tai day vi ngoai thuong nhan sd tai co khach hang phuong tay va cac nudc khac qua lai 121 3.3.5 Giai phap thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang Oxtraylia Tren thuc te, khong it doanh nghiep Viet Nam da xuat khau hang hoa sang Oxtraylia tir nhieu nam qua, nhung van mo ho ve tap quan tieu thu tren thi truong Ba Dinh Thi My Loan, Tham tan Thuong mai Viet Nam tai Oxtraylia, nhan xet: “Nguoi tieu dung d Oxtraylia rat ky tinh, phai biet each chieu chuong Khong chi cac nha ban le va cac dai ly, ma ca cac nha san xuat d day cung luon luon lang nghe y kien cua nguoi tieu dung de dap ung day du nhung dieu kien cua ho” Nhieu mat hang mdi cua Viet Nam co trien vong tham nhap vao thi trudng Oxtraylia nhu nhua gia dung, go, hang may mac, hai san, Tuy nhien, cac nha xuat khau nhung mat hang cua Viet Nam can phai biet rang, ddi vdi nhung nha cung cap mdi ma mat hang mdi, cac nha tieu thu d Oxtraylia da quen vdi tap quan la duoc giam gia khoang 5% so vdi gia thi trudng Day thuc su la thach thuc ldn nhat doi vdi cac nha xuat khau Viet Nam, vi hang cua Viet Nam thuong dat hon hang cung loai cua Trung Qudc tren thi trudng Oxtraylia Tu nam 2005, hang may mac va giay dep cua Viet Nam xuat khau sang Oxtraylia phai canh tranh gay gat hon vdi hang cua Trung Qudc Oxtraylia bai bo han ngach ddi vdi hai nhom hang cua Trung Qudc De tang kim ngach xuat khau hang may mac vao thi trudng Oxtraylia, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can sdm da dang hoa chung loai mat hang truyen thdng, cac loai trang phuc giai tri ngoai trdi hoac san pham may dung gia dinh nhu vai ga, vo goi, khan ban, man cua cung cd kha nang tieu thu duoc nhieu tai Oxtraylia Tuy nhien, thdi gian dau, de nhung mat hang mdi tim duoc cho dung tren thi trudng nay, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai chap nhan nhung don hang nhd vdi gia canh tranh Ddi vdi cac mat hang luong thuc thuc pham Oxtraylia la mot nudc cd tieu chuan vd ve sinh va kiem dich rat nghiem ngat, nen cac nha xuat khau cua Viet Nam can het sue than de khong bi dinh chi nhap khau va khong bi “bat tin” vdi khach hang Mac du Oxtraylia la mot thi trudng tuong doi md, cd he thdng phap luat on dinh, 122 nhung cac chuyen gia xuc tien thuang mai cho rang, cac nha xuat khau Viet Nam tai Oxtraylia can lien he chat che vdi Thuang vu Viet Nam tai Oxtraylia de nam bat va cap nhat thong tin ve thi trudng va chinh sach thuang mai d nudc De day manh xuat khau hang hoa, cac doanh nghiep va hiep hoi doanh nghiep can xuc tien md cac ca sd gidi thieu san pham cua Viet Nam tai cac trung tam thuang mai ldn cua Oxtraylia nhu Sydney, Melbourne, Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cung co the xuat khau hang hoa sang Oxtraylia theo hinh thuc hang doi hang 123 KET LUAN a r r ~ r Toan cau hoa va khu vuc hoa da trd tat yeu va dang dien rat soi dong tren pham vi toan the gidi Phai khang dinh rang chien luoc phat trien kinh te hudng vao xuat khau ma Dang va Nha nudc ta lua chon va viec Viet Nam tham gia vao AFTA, APEC va WTO la mot quyet dinh dung dan, kip thdi Vai trd quan cua noi chung la khong the phu nhan va da duoc chung minh bang thuc tien Co the noi, tan dung mot each hieu qua nhung co hoi thuan loi va giam thieu nhirng thach thuc tiem nang chinh la chia khoa co ban cho Viet Nam noi chung va cong dong doanh nghiep noi rieng dat duoc nhung cong nhat dinh qua trinh tham gia APEC Tuy nhien, co hoi luc nao cung co nhung viec hieu, tan dung va nam bat cac co hoi nhu the nao mdi la dieu quan va dieu lai phu thuoc chu yeu vao y thuc va su van dong noi tai cua ban than cac doanh nghiep, vdi su ho tro ve mat co che va chinh sach tir phia Chinh phu Hien nay, cac doanh nghiep cua ta thieu hidu biet ve APEC, ve each thuc lam an tren thi trudng ngoai nudc cung nhu ve cac to chuc thuong mai qudc te khac, nang luc tu than yeu Vi the, Chinh phu can phai giup cac doanh nghiep khac phuc nhung han che Chi Chinh phu lam tat ca vi doanh nghiep, giup doanh nghiep vuon thi trudng ngoai nudc; chi doanh nghiep vuon len vi loi ich cua chinh minh, vi loi ich chung, thi hang hoa Viet Nam mdi co kha nang tranh dua ngang hang tren thi trudng ngoai nudc Chin nam la mot khoang thdi gian khong dai, nhien cung du de khang dinh su cong hay thdt bai cua chinh sach kinh te ddi ngoai, md cua cua Viet Nam hoat dong APEC cung nhu hoat dong hop tac kinh te qudc te noi chung Vdi qua va bai hoc tu cong cuoc ddi mdi va chinh sach md cua, chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, da phuong hoa, da dang hoa cac mdi quan he kinh te qudc te, chac 124 chan chung ta se tiep tuc gat hai dugc nhung qua tot dep cac hoat dong hop tac khong chi khuon kho APEC ma voi tat ca cac to chuc kinh te quoc te tren toan cau t TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo Thuang mai, Chien luac Xuat nhap khau 2001-2010 Bo Thuang mai, De an phat trien xuat khau giai doan 2006-2010 Bo Thuong mai-Tap chi Cong san, Ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc qudc gia Thuang mai Viet Nam 20 nam ddi mai Bo Thuang mai-Tap chi thuang mai, doanh nghiep, Viet Nam APEC Ca hoi kinh doanh cho cac Nha xuat ban The giai PGS.TS Nguyen Cue, a nuac ta hien nay, The che Nha nuac doi vai mot sd loai hinh doanh nghiep Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia Dac san cua bao The gidi va Viet Nam, APEC Viet Nam 2006 Huang tai mot cong dong nang dong vi suphat trien ben vung va thinh vuang GS.TS Dang Dinh Dao; GS.TS Hoang Due Than, mai, Giao trinh Kinh te thuang Nha xuat ban Thdng ke Nguyen Thanh Ha (2003), Nhung giai phap chu yeu de thuc day xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang cac nuac khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN (AFTA) giai doan den 2010, Trudng Dai hoc KTQD, Ha Noi _ r r \ Duong Huu Hanh (MPA, 1973), Kinh doanh qudc te thi truang toan cau, Nha xuat ban Lao dong - Xa hoi 10 Hoang Lan Hoa-Nguyen Ngoc Manh - Do Tri Dung (2006), Tang cuang hap tac cung phat trien, 11 PGS Pham The Hung, Viet Nam APEC Nha xuat ban The gidi Quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Nhat Ban, De tai khoa hoc, Bo thuang mai 12 TS Ha Thi Ngoc Oanh, Kinh te doi ngoai nhung nguyen ly va van dung tai Nam, Viet Nha xuat ban Lao dong-Xa hoi 13 Phong Thuang mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam (2005), doanh nghiep, Cam nang xuat khau cho Nha xuat ban Van hoa Thdng tin, Ha Noi 14 PGS.TS Bui Tien Quy (2005), ban Lao dong, Ha Noi Quan ly nha nuac ve kinh te doi ngoai, Nha xuat 15 GS.TS Hoang Due Than, Danh gia 20 nam ddi mai chinh sach thuang mai quoc te a Viet Nam, Tap ehi so 3/2006, Vien Kinh te va Chinh tri The gidi 16 GS.TS Hoang Due Than (2001), nhap, Chinh sach thuang mai dieu kien hoi Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoe gia 17 GS.TS Hoang Due Than (3/2006), Hai muai nam thuang mai Viet Nam, ddi mai va phat trien nganh Tap ehi Thong tin va Du bao kinh te xa hoi so 18 Pham Due Thanh, Vu Tuyet Lan (2006), APEC va su tham gia cua Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban tu dien Baeh khoa, Ha Noi 19 TS Nguyen Phue Tho - Ths.Luong Xuan Chinh (2006), kinh te qudc te, Giao trinh Quan he Nha xuat ban Nong nghiep 20 GS.TS Nguyen Van Thuong, GS.TSKH Le Du Phong (2006), Viet Nam 2001- 2005 Ly luan va thuc tien, Tdng kdt kinh te Nha xuat ban Dai hoe Kinh te quoe dan Ha Noi 21 Tong Cue Thong ke - Nien giam thong ke 2006 22 Tong eue thong ke (2006), Xuat nhap khau hang hoa Viet Nam 20 nam ddi mai, Nha xuat ban thong ke 23 PGS.TS Nguyen Van Trinh, PGS.TS Nguyen Van Luan, TS Tran Van Due, TS Hoang Vinh Long, ThS Pham Thi Ha Nguyen, Kinh te ddi ngoai Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Dai hoe Quoe Gia TP Ho Chi Minh 24 TS Hoang Anh Tuan (2007), Danh gia tien trinh APEC va tac dong ddi vai Nam, Viet Nha xuat ban ehinh tri quoe gia, Ha Noi 25 Vien Kinh te the gidi (2004), Trien vong va giai phap phat trien quan he thuang mai Viet Nam - Han Qudc bdi canh hoi nhap kinh te Qudc te, De tai Bo thuong mai 26 Vu Chinh saeh Thuong mai Da bien Bo Thuong mai (2003), r r ~ Hoi dap ve Dien r dan hap tac Kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duang va Dien dan hap tac A - Au, Ha Noi 27 Nguon tai lieu tu Internet