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KEY REVISION I Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences 1 Coughing is a of tuberculosis A miserable B epidemic C symptom D Side effect 2 Medicine a disease A can cure B.
KEY REVISION I Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences Coughing is a ………… of tuberculosis A miserable B epidemic C symptom D Side effect 2.Medicine ………… a disease A can cure C can prevent B can relieve the symptom of D all of the above Which one of these sentences is Not true? A Antibiotics can be expensive B Antibiotics have saved the lives of many sick people C Antibiotics will help cure viruses 4.………… prevent some diseases A There is no vaccine to B You can have a vaccine injected into your arm to C Both a and b Tuberculosis spreads ………… A by hand contact B when people cough and sneeze C when people don’t eat garlic What is a pharmacist? A a person who deals with medication B a person who performs surgery C a person who goes to the hospital D a person who works in a hospital What are the responsibilities of a pharmacist? A counseling patients B filling prescriptions C managing side effects D all of the above Where pharmacists work? A pharmacies B hospitals C government offices D all of the above What does a pharmacist check for when checking a prescription? A drug interactions B drug safety C proper prescribing D all of the above 10 Great care must be taken not give more than the correct dose Too much………… for too long may cause deafness A Penicillin B streptomycin C Chloramphenicol D None of them 11 Adults with………… who are allergic to penicillin or who not get well using penicillin can be given a single dose of 4gm (8ml) of streptomycin inject half the medicine in to each………… A gonorrhea/ buttock C typhoid/ buttock B fever/ arm D cough/ thigh 12 Many different medicines sold for pain, arthritis or cold contain………… , but they are more expensive and often not any more good than aspirin alone A Ampicillin C Tetracycline B Folic Acid D Aspirin 13 ………… begins suddenly: in most cases, the temperature rise quickly The pulse and breathing are fast Cough begins curly, and at first, it was dry and painful The patient feels ill, has a plush red face and dry tongue A Pneumonia B Gonorrhea C Typhus D Thrush 14 Patients with pneumonia need ………… A stay at home and rest B go to the hospital C rest and sleep D take Aspirin 15 “It helps to calm pain, lower fever, and reduce inflammation It also helps a little to calm count and reduce itching.” What does the word IT mean? A Penicillin B streptomycin C Chloramphenicol D Aspirin 16 Streptomycin and penicillin together can be used to treat ………… A mild infection B certain severe infection C neither A nor B D both A and B 17 If a newborn child begins to blood from any parts of his body (mouth, anus…), this may causes by a lack of ………… A vitamin K B vitamin A C Acid folic D Zinc 18 There may be fever, swollen and tender nerves It may also cause pains, swelling of the hands or feet, or severe eye damage leading to blindness These are the symptoms of ………… A mild reaction C shock reaction B severe reaction D lepta reaction 19 Chloramphenicol should be used only for…………… and for very ………… or other infections that are not treated with sulfas, penicillin, tetracycline, or ampicillin A typhoid/ serious diarrhea B serious diarrhea/ fever C shock reaction/ serious diarrhea D typhoid/ mild diarrhea 20 Pregnant women shouldn’t take tetracycline after the……………., because it can damage the baby’s teeth A fourth month B fouth mouth C fourth mouth D forth month 21 Tetracycline doesn’t …………….common cold For many common infections, it doesn’t work as well as penicillin or sulfas A bad for B good for C harmful for D used for 22 Ampicillin is expensive and sometimes cause diarrhea or thrush, it…………… when a regular penicillin is likely good A should used C should not be use B should be used D should not be used 23 Injected penicillin should be used for certain severe infections, including: A Meningitis, Tetanus B Badly infected wounds C Severe pneumonia D Both A, B and C 24 Drugs are chemicals that effect human body They have good or bad effects Doctors have used them to cure disease for many years What does the word “they” mean? A Drugs B human body C Doctors D Both A, B 25 Anesthetics put patients to……………… during operation so that they not feel pain A awake B sleep C have a nightmare D calm 26 To help the body make better use of the medicines, always take penicillin on an………………., an hour before meals A stomache B full stomach C empty stomach D stomach irritation 27 Grind up the pill very well or open the capsule and mix the powder with boiled water (that has cooled) and honey or sugar You must add lots of honey or sugar when the medicine is very bitter This is the way for making…………… A tablet B suspension C.powder D syrup 28 …………… may kill some kinds of bacteria necessary for digestion, upsetting the natural balance of bacteria in the gut A Antibiotics B tonic C supplement D elixir 29 Eating …………… milk helps to replace necessary bacteria killed by antibiotics like ampicillin and to return the body’s natural balance to normal A yogurt-curdle B sugar C yogurt-curdled D yogurt 30 When antibiotics are used…………… , they are extremely …………… and important medicines They fight certain infections and diseases caused by bacteria A correctly/ useful B uncorrectly/ useless C correct/ usefully D incorrectly/ useful II Read the sentence and decide if it is True (T) or False (F) All the medicines sold in the pharmacies are useful and needed.F The best medicines can more harm than good if they are used wrongly.T If the medicine isn’t used correctly, it will be harmless.F Penicillin works against every type of infections.F It is sometimes possible to use a dangerous medicine for a mild illness.F If the medicine does not help, use a higher dose.F People are completely wrong when they use injections of penicillin with streptomycin for colds.T Sprains, bruises, any pain or fever should be treated with an antibiotic.F Penicillin is safe for everybody.F 10 Drugs are not chemicals.F 11 Aspirin is always safe.F 12 An overdose of a drug sometimes causes death.T 13 Doctors and patients must be careful with drugs.T 14 Drugs are either natural or synthetic.T 15 The same drugs are both beneficial and harmful.T III Read passage below and choose ONE suitable word from the given ones to fill in each numbered blank PASSAGE interactions of clinically the treatment predicting drug prediction avoid may pharmacist important solution that ask help An awareness of the problems (1) Solution may arise due to drug interactions is vital for the practicing pharmacist Today, with the increasing complexity (2) of therapeutic agents available, and widespread polypharmacy, the potential for drug (3) interactions is enormous Thus, the importance of drug interactions to the clinical (4) drug today primarily involves knowing or (5) predicting those occasions when a potential (6) clinically interaction is likely to have (7) the significant consequences, and if so, the step which (8) may be taken to (9) avoid them, or alternative (10) treatment PASSAGE a causes problem h cure the illness b including doctors and health workers i waste your money c of no value j people don't like to take medicines d seek the advice of a health worker k people sometimes use very dangerous medication for mild ailments e they get some l to use the correct dose f when they are necessary m.save your money g of great value n they more harm than good Right and wrong uses of modern medicines Some medicines which are sold in pharmacies can be very useful Others are (1) C Also, people sometimes use the best medicines in the wrong way, so that (2) n To be helpful, medicine must be used correctly Many people, (3)b, prescribe far more drugs than are needed and by doing so, they cause needless sickness and death Some drugs are much more dangerous than others Unfortunately, (4) k many babies have died because mothers have given them chloramphenicol for a cold Never use a dangerous medicine for a mild illness Often some health workers and many doctors prescribe medicines when none is needed, often because they think patients expect to receive drugs and will not be satisfied unless (5) e One must always remember that there is some danger in the use of any medicine Tell your doctor or health worker you only want medicine if it is definitely necessary This will (6) m and will be safer for your health Here are some guidelines for the safe use of medicines Firstly, use medicine only (7) f Secondly, make sure you know the correct use and precautions for any medicine you use Also, be sure (8) l If the drugs don’t help, or (9) a stop using it Whenever you are in doubt, (10) d In summary, only use medicines when it is needed and when you are sure how to use it PASSAGE alike as a result beneficial circulate dose include extent fortunately harmful like prescribe relief sensation create All drugs can affect the body in both helpful and (1) … hamful ways For example, a particular drug may produce a stronger heartbeat (2) as a result from pain or some other desired effects But that drug, (3) like any other drugs, can also cause undesired effects – especially if the (4) dose ……….is too large Such effects might (5) include.fever, high blood pressure, or constipation Most drugs produce changes throughout the body because the drugs (6) … circulate through the blood stream (7) … fortunately, most drugs used to affect other parts For example, physicians sometimes (8) prescribe ……….morphine to relieve pain Morphine depresses the activities of cells in the brain and thus reduces the (9) sensation ……… of the pain But morphine also alters the function of cells elsewhere in the body It may decrease the rate of breathing, produce constipation, and (10) create other undesired effects IV Comprehension questions Is there any danger in the use of any medicine? Why? -Yes,there is.Because some medicines are much more dangerous than others are When you use medicines? -Use medicines only when necessary Why some health workers and many doctors give medicine when none is needed? -Because they think patients expect to receive drugs and will not be sastified unless they get some What people use chloramphenicol and penicillin for? -Use choloramphenicol and penicillin for typhoid Why should the injections of penicillin with streptomycin not be used for cold? -They should not be used for cold because:they don’t work against cold and flu,they can cause serious problems,sometimes deafness or death,they overuse makes it more difficult to cure tuberculosis or other serious illnesses When should vitamin B12 and liver extract be used? -VTM B12 and liver extract used for simple anemia Why shouldn’t vitamin be injected? -Because injections are more dangerous,more expensive and usually no more effective than pills When we use an antibiotic? -Use an antibiotics when necessary Why are antibiotics useful and important when used correctly? -Because they fight certain infections and diseases caused by bacteria 10 What bacteria antibiotics often kill? -Antibiotics often kill the good bacteria along with the harmful ones 11 What happens when bacteria are attacked many times by the same antibiotics? -Bacteria become stronger and are no longer killed by it 12 Why are important diseases nowadays becoming resistant to antibiotics? -Because Antibiotic resistance is accelerated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, as well as poor infection prevention and control 13 How you make syrup by yourself ? -Grind up the pill very well or open the capsule and mix the powder with boiled water(that cooled)and honey or sugar 14.What does the children’s dose depend on ? -The children’s dose depend on the weight or age of the child 15 What kind of medicine that patients with hepatitis shouldn’t be taken? -Patients with hepatitis should’t be treated with antibiotics an other strong medicines V Translate these sentences into Vietnamese If people come and ask for cough syrup ,for diarrhea, for vitamin B 12 or liver extract to treat simple anemia, for penicillin to treat sprain or ache, for tetracycline when they have a cold, explain to them that these medicines are not needed and may more harm than good Discuss with them what to instead -Nếu người đến hỏi siro ho,thuốc điều trị tiêu chảy,VTM B12 chiết xuất gan điều trị bệnh thiếu máu,penicillin điều trị bong gân đau,tetracyline bị cảm lạnh,hãy giải thích cho họ dùng thuốc khơng cần thiết có hại có lợi.Thảo luận với họ thứ thay Unfortunately, some midwives use these medicines to speed up childbirth or give strength to the mother in labor This practice is very dangerous It can kill the mother or the child Use the medicines only to control bleeding after the child is born (OXYTOXYL) -Thật không may,nhiều người hộ sinh sử dụng thuốc kích đẻ tiếp thêm sức cho người mẹ lâm bồn.Hành động nguy hiểm.Nó giết chết người mẹ đứa bé.Chỉ sử dụng thuốc để cầm máu đứa bé sinh Penicillin works only against certain types of infections Frequent use of penicillin for sprains, bruises or any pain or fever is a great mistake As a rule, injuries that not break the skin, even if they make large bruises, have no danger of infection, they not need to be treated with penicillin or any other antibiotics Penicillin is dangerous for some people Before using it, know its risks and the precautions you must take -Penicillin có tác dụng để chống số loại nhiễm trùng.Thường xuyên sử dụng penicillin để điều trị bong gân,bầm tím loại đau sốt sai lầm lớn.Theo quy định,những vết thương khơng làm xước da,thậm trí vết bầm tím lớn,khơng có nguy nhiễm trùng khơng cần phải điều trị penicillin kháng sinh khác.Penicillin gây nguy hiểm cho số người.Trước sử dụng,hãy biết rủi ro biện pháp phòng ngừa phải thực Injecting calcium into a vein can be extremely dangerous It can quickly kill someone if it is not injected very slowly Injecting calcium into the buttocks sometimes causes very serious abscesses or infections -Tiêm calci vào tĩnh mạch gây nguy hiểm.Nó nhanh chóng giết chết khơng tiêm cách từ từ.Tiêm calci vào mông gây áp xe nhiễm trùng nghiêm trọng It is always dangerous to give a laxative or purge to a baby or to anyone who is very weak, dehydrated or has severe pain in his belly Unfortunately, people often believe that purges bring back health or clean the bad things out of the body It is explained that purges or strong laxatives nearly always more harm than good -Cho trẻ sơ sinh có sức khỏe yếu uống thuốc nhuận tràng thuốc xổ luôn điều nguy hiểm.Thật không may,mọi người thường tin thuốc xổ mang lại sức khỏe loại bỏ chất không tốt khỏi thể.Nó giải thích thuốc xổ thuốc nhuận tràng mạnh thường có hại có lợi People who are dehydrated or have disease of the kidneys should be especially careful with medicines they take Do not give more than one dose of a medicine that could poison the body unless (or until) the person is urinating normally For example, if a child has high fever and is dehydrated, not give him more than one dose of aspirin until he begins to urinate Never give sulfa to a person who is dehydrated -Những người bị nước bị thận nên đặc biệt cẩn thận với loại thuốc họ dùng.Tiêm nhiều liều gây ngộ độc trừ khi(hoặc khi) người tiểu bình thường.Ví dụ,nếu trẻ bị sốt cao nước,không cho trẻ uống liều aspirin trẻ bắt đầu tiểu.Không cho người nước uống sulfa 7 Keep using the antibiotic until the illness is completely cured or for at least day after the fever and other signs of infection have gone (some illness, like tuberculosis and leprosy need to be treated for many months or years after the person feels better Follow the instructions for each illness - Tiếp tục sử dụng thuốc kháng sinh khỏi bệnh hoàn toàn ngày sau hết sốt dấu hiệu nhiễm trùng khác( số bệnh,như lao,phong,cần điều trị nhiều tháng nhiều năm sau người bệnh cảm thấy tốt hơn.Làm theo hướng dẫn cho bệnh Generally, use streptomycin, and products that contain it, only for tuberculosis and always together with other anti-tuberculosis medicines Streptomycin in combination with penicillin can be used for deep wounds to the gut, appendicitis and other specific infections when ampicillin is not available, but should never be used for colds, flu and common respiratory infections -Nói chung,sử dụng streptomycin,và sản phẩm có chứa nó,chỉ dành cho bệnh lao luôn sử dụng với thuốc chữa lao khác.Streptomycin kết hợp với penicillin sử dụng cho vết loét sâu ruột,viêm ruột thừa bệnh nhiễm trùng cụ thể khác khơng có sẵn ampicillin,nhưng tuyệt đối không dùng cho bệnh cảm lạnh,cúm bệnh nhiễm trùng hô hấp thông thường Not all bacteria in the body are harmful Some are necessary for the body to function normally Antibiotics often kill the good bacteria along with the harmful ones Babies who are given antibiotics sometimes develop fungus infections of the mouth (thrush) of skin (moniliasis) This is because the antibiotics kill the bacteria that help keep fungus under control -Không phải VK thể có hại.Có nhiều loại cần thiết để thể hoạt động bình thường.Thuốc kháng sinh thường tiêu diệu VK có lợi có hại.Những em bé sử dụng kháng sinh đơi nhiễm nấm miệng(tưa miệng), da(bệnh moniliasis).Xảy điều kháng sinh tiêu diệt VK giúp kiểm soát nấm 10 For most people penicillin is one of the safest medicines Too much does no harm and only wastes money Too little does not completely stop the infection and may make the bacteria resistant (more difficult to kill) In certain people, penicillin causes allergic reaction Mild allergic reactions include itchy raised spots or rashes Often these come several hours or day after taking penicillin and may last for days Antihistamines help calm the itching -Đối với hầu hết người,penicillin loại thuốc an tồn nhất.Q nhiều khơng có tác dụng lãng phí tiền bạc.Q khơng thể ngăn chặn hồn tồn tình trạng nhiễm trùng khiến VK kháng thuốc( khó tiêu diệt hơn).Ở số người,penicillin gây phản ứng dị ứng.Phản ứng dị ứng nhẹ bao gồm mẩn ngứa phát ban.Thường triệu chứng xuất vài vài ngày sau dùng penicillin kéo dài vài ngày.Thuốc kháng histamin giúp làm giảm ngứa 11 Ampicillin is broad-spectrum penicillin that kills many more kinds of bacteria than are killed by other penicillin It’s safer than other broad spectrum antibiotics and it’s especially useful for babies and children Because it’s expensive and sometimes cause diarrhea or thrush, ampicillin should not be used when a regular penicillin is likely good -Ampicillin thuộc nhóm penicillin phổ rộng có khả giết chết nhiều loại VK penicillin khác.Nó an tồn loại kháng sinh phổ rộng khác đặc biệt có lợi cho trẻ sơ sinh trẻ nhỏ.Vì đắt đơi gây tiêu chảy tưa miệng,vì ampicillin khơng sử dụng loại khác sinh phổ rộng khác có tác dụng 12 Chloramphenicol harms the blood of some people It’s more dangerous for newborn babies To newborn babies with serious infections, give ampicillin instead of chloramphenicol, if this is possible As a rule, not give chloramphenicol to babies under month old In treating typhoid, change from chloramphenicol to ampicillin if typhoid is resistant to chloramphenicol -Chloramphenicol gây hại đến máu số người.Điều nguy hiểm trẻ sơ sinh.Đối với trẻ sơ sinh bị nhiễm trùng nặng,hãy sử dụng ampicillin chloramphenicol,nếu có thể.Theo quy định,khơng cho trẻ tháng tuổi sử dủng chloramphenicol.Trong điều trị thương hàn,chuyển từ chloramphenicol sang ampicillin bệnh thương hàn kháng chloramphenicol 13 Occasionally, DDS cause a serious problem called “lepta reaction” There may be fever, swollen and tender nerves It may also cause pains, swelling of the hands or feet, or severe eye damage leading to blindness In case of (lepta reaction” it’s usually best to keep taking the DDS but to also take an anti-inflammatory medicine This should be done with the advice of an experienced health worker or doctor -Thông thường,DDS gây vấn đề nghiêm trọng gọi “phản ứng lepta”.Có thể bị sốt,sưng tấy đau dây thần kinh.Nó gây đau,sưng bàn tay bàn chân tổn thương mắt nghiêm trọng dẫn đến mù lòa.Trong trường hợp xảy “phản ứng lepta”,tốt tiếp tục dùng DDS nên dùng thuốc chống viêm.Điều nên thực với lời khuyên nhân viên y tế bác sĩ có kinh nghiệm 14 People with tuberculosis being treated with isoniazid sometimes develop of lack of vitamin B6 can take it daily while taking isoniazid, or vitamin B6 can be given only to the people who develop problems because of its lack Signs include pain or tingling in the hands and feet, muscle twitching, nervousness and being unable to sleep -Những người bị bệnh lao điều trị isoniazid đơi bị thiếu VTM B6 uống hàng ngày sử dụng isoniazid,hoặc VTM B6 cung cấp cho người xảy vấn đề thiếu nó.Các dấu hiệu bao gồm đau ngứa ran bàn tay bàn chân, co giật, căng thẳng ngủ 15 Streptomycin is an important medicine for treating tuberculosis It should always be used in combination with other medicines Streptomycin and penicillin together can be used to treat certain severe infection However, the use of streptomycin for other than tuberculosis should be very limited, because frequent use of streptomycin for other illnesses helps make tuberculosis resistant to it, and therefore harder to treat -Steptomycin thuốc quan trọng để điều trị bệnh lao.Nó ln ln sử dụng kết hợp với loại thuốc khác.Kết hợp streptomicin penicillin dùng để điều trị số bệnh nhiễm trùng nặng.Tuy hiên,nên hạn chế việc sử dụng streptomycin cho bệnh khác ngồi bệnh lao,vì sử dụng thường xuyên streptomycin cho bệnh khác làm bệnh lao kháng thuốc,và từ khó điều trị