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LƯU VĂN HOÀNG THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LƯU VĂN HOÀNG BACHELOR THESIS INVESTIGATING AND EVALUATING THE PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE IN BA BE DISTRICT, B[.]
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LƯU VĂN HOÀNG BACHELOR THESIS INVESTIGATING AND EVALUATING THE PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE IN BA BE DISTRICT, BAC KAN PROVINCE Student name : Lưu Văn Hoàng Class : K45 AEP Major: International Programs Office Supervisor : MSc Nguyễn Văn Hiểu Thai Nguyen, 16/02/2017 n ` DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Luu Van Hoang Student ID DTN1354120136 Thesis title Investigating and evaluating the payment for forest environmental service in Ba Be district, Bac Kan province Supervisor MSc Nguyễn Văn Hiểu Abstract: Payment for forest environmental services is a policy that creates a payment mechanism between users of PFES and PFES providers, to socialize the forest protection and promotion the economic value of forest environment in the context of wood resources of natural forests, have been depleted and the State budget capital investment in forest protection is very limited In recent years, PFES policy has brought about practical and important effects for soil protection, erosion control, sedimentation of lakes, rivers and streams; regulating the maintenance of clean water for production and social life; carbon absorb and storage, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; protect the natural landscape and preserve the biodiversity of forest ecosystems; provide spawning grounds, food sources and natural seedlings, and use water from forests for aquaculture It also contributes to the income of people living in the forest Derived from above, the research: "Evaluation of payment for forest environment i n ` services in Ba Be district" is very significant in the payment for forest environment services, contributing to acknowledge the details on payment for forest environmental services has been implemented in recent years in the Ba Be district Number of pages 72 Date of submission 20/09/2017 Supervisor’s signature ii n ` ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, first of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my thesis supervisor: MSc Nguyễn Văn Hiểu He helpfully guided and helped me during the implementation process of my thesis I would like to thank the Rector Board of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry that dedicated teaching, guiding and caring, create the facilitate in my process of study and research I would like to send my thanks to the managers and staffs of Bac Kan Forest Protection and Development Fund have helped me during the process of investigating and collecting the data to complete my thesis Despite many efforts, due to the limited time and the level of the subject, the inevitable shortcoming of the topic I hope to receive valuable comments from my teachers and friends to more complete I also thank you to teacher, officers of Advance Education Programs office Sincerely thank! Thai Nguyen, June 29, 2017 Student Luu Van Hoang iii n ` LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Forest types, current status, overall forest PES provides for units using PES 43 Table 4.2: Statistics on land area of Dong Phuc commune 45 Table 4.3: Forest types, current status, overall forest PES provides for units using PES 50 Table 4.4: Payments for forest environmental services in 2016 for non-forest owners 51 Table 4.5: Payments for forest environmental services in 2016 for owners are individual household 52 Table 4.6: Summary of forest land use status of Ba Be district 53 Table 4.7: Revenue and total income from forest protection of Ba Be farmers 54 Table 4.8: Amount of payment for forest owner are state and non-state 60 Table 4.9: Amount of payment for forest owner are community and individual 60 iv n ` LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: The administrative map of Ba Be district 26 Figure 4.1: The payment for forest ecosystem services map in Ba Be district – Bac Kan province 2017 41 Figure 4.2: The payment for forest ecosystem service map in Dong Phuc commune, Ba Be district, Bac Kan province 44 Figure 4.3: The payment for forest ecosystem service map in My Phuong commune, Ba Be district, Bac Kan province 47 Figure 4.4: The payment for forest ecosystem service map in Quang Khe commune, Ba Be district, Bac Kan province 48 v n ` LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Mod : Moderator PFES : Payment for Environment Service SOC : Socioeconomic CPC : Commune People's Committee USD : Dolar RUPES : Rewarding Upland Poor for Environmental Services RES : Receive environmental services MONRE : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment IFAD : International Fund for Agricultural Development IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources RCFE : Center for Research on Forest Ecology and Environment CLD : Certificate of land use right ICRAF : International Council for Research in Agroforestry IDDRI : Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations vi n ` TABLE OF CONTENT PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1.Research rational 1.2.Research’s objective 1.3.Research questions and hypotheses 1.4.Definition PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1.Legal foundations 2.2.Theoretical foundations 2.2.1.Definition of forest 2.2.2.Forest classification in Vietnam 2.2.3.The concept of payment for forest environment service (PFES) 2.3.Practical basis 15 2.3.1.Research situation in the world 15 2.3.2.Research situation in Vietnam 16 PAST III: CONTENTS AND METHODS 18 3.1.Materials 18 3.1.1.Object and domain of the research 18 3.1.2.Research period 18 3.2.Research content 18 3.3.Methods 19 3.3.1.Methods of analysis and theoretical synthesis 19 3.3.2.Collect information and data on research subjects 20 3.3.3.Analytical methods of data processing 20 3.3.4.Inheritance method 21 PART IV: RESULTS 22 4.1.Natural, economic and social conditions of Ba Be district 22 4.1.1.Natural condition 22 4.1.2.Socio-economic development 27 4.2.The objects and the area to pay for forest environmental services 32 vii n ` 4.3.Evaluation of payments for forest environment services in Ba Be district 34 4.4.Evaluation of payment for forest environmental services on each forest type 42 4.5.Revenue and total income from forest protection of farmer households in Ba Be 46 4.6.General observe the application of policy on payment for forest environment services in Ba Be district 47 4.7.Assessment of PFES policies on the people of Ba Be district 54 4.7.1.General evaluation of the district 54 4.7.2.Feedback from local people 55 PAST V: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 57 5.1.Discussion 57 5.2.Conclusion 59 REFERENCES 61 viii n ` PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1.Research rational Payment for forest environmental services (PFES) is the supply and payment relationship between the providers and users of forest environmental services For more than a decade, the attention and funding from international organizations have enabled the testing of several different PFES mechanisms, especially in the fields of river basin protection and carbon reduction Excluding China - the state managed, in other countries in Asia, these problems are solved in the form of community projects which are small scale and fragmentation (Young, Oran R et al, 2003) The developments of PFES in developing countries usually follow by the priority decisions based on a fair system Some countries suppose that PFES is a marketable tool for ensuring environmental services such as carbon emissions reduction, river basin protection, and biodiversity conservation The central focus of plans and projects in these countries is to promote market efficiency However, the rigid application of this approach in developing countries may increase the risk of livelihood to the poor people In Vietnam, during the last two decades, the forestry sector in Vietnam has been changed in policy and practice The forest concentration management model with the central purpose is resources exploitation have been changed into the forestry socialization model, focusing on environmental protection, social development and the promotion of local forestry enterprises These changes reflect the response of the forestry sectors to forest resource degradation and the inefficiency of centralized forest management systems Since the early 1990 's, through the program 327 and million n