Pham Thị Thai Ha THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM THI THAI HA PHYTOREMEDIATION OF LEAD (II) NITRATE (PB(NO3)2 FROM WATER WITH A SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANT, NAJAS INDICA[.]
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM THI THAI HA PHYTOREMEDIATION OF LEAD (II) NITRATE (PB(NO3)2 FROM WATER WITH A SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANT, NAJAS INDICA BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Training and Development Center Batch : 2011-2015 Thai Nguyen, 30/09/2015 n Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program : Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name : Phạm Thị Thái Hà Student ID : DTN 1153110017 Thesis Title : PHYTOREMEDIATION OF LEAD (II) NITRATE (PB(NO3)2 FROM WATER WITH A SUBMERGED AQUATIC PLANT, NAJAS INDICA Supervisor (s): Dr.-phil ARINAFRIL Dr Ho Ngoc Son Abstract: Nowadays, the environmental pollution problems, especially the decline in water quality polluted by heavy metals are the serious worldwide problem Phytoremediation is a green and cost-effective technology to extract or eliminate inactive metals and metal contaminants from polluted water as well as clean up the polluted environment from hazardous contaminant to improve the environmental quality In this study, phytoremediation will be implemented by using a submerged plant- Najas indica to absorb and accumulate lead (Pb) in water Samples were taken from March to June, 2015 and the experiment has been taken place in laboratory of Integrated Postgraduate, Sriwijaya University, Palembang and Laboratory of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia This study aimed to examine the contaminant ii n (Pb(NO3)2) absorption of Najas indica plant in polluted water and it has remediation effects on lead (Pb) removal from water The results in this study showed that Najas indica bioaccumulated significantly has higher amounts of Pb, the Pb concentration in sample plants after experiment finished is 26693.5 ppm, even though in begin, the highest Pb concentration in water was set up at 15 ppm and in plant samples around 10 ppm to 40 ppm It is concluded that Najas indicia is a hyper-accumulator, it has higher accumulation capabilities of heavy metals Keywords: Phytoremediation, submerged plant, Najas indica Pb concentration, Bioaccumulation Number of Pages: 43 pages Date of Submission: 30/09/2015 Signature of supervisor Dr Ho Ngoc Son iii n ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I am greatly indebted and would like to express my special thanks to my great and beloved supervisor: Dr.-phil Arinafril of Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Indonesia for his guidance, supporting for my research, for his patience, enthusiasm, valuable ideas helped me to complete my thesis as well as for his stimulating motivations in all the time of doing the research in Indonesia I am grateful for the support, advice, and guidance of Dr Ho Ngoc Son in writing the study I want to express my thankful to my research advisor Ibu Mutmainnah Fadila for instruction and helping me to doing the research I am also thankful for the laboratory of Integrated Postgraduate, Sriwijaya University, Palembang and the Laboratory of the Science Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia to helping and providing me necessary equipment to analyzing the samples and data My sincere thanks also to my friends: Mbak Eka Rizki Meiwinda, Thao, Chi, Marisa Hayu, Linh for provided their ongoing support, questions and suggestions to doing research, identify documentations to writing the study Thanks to all my friends to helped me in internship months Finally, from bottom of my heart, I would like to express my love and gratitude to my beloved parents for their support, encouragement and endless love for me throughout my life Thai Nguyen, July, 2015 Student Pham Thi Thai Ha iv n TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .1 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .3 PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background .4 1.2 Research Objective 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Limitations PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of phytoremediation 2.1.1 Definition .7 2.1.2 Mechanisms 2.2 Overview of heavy metals 13 2.2.1 Heavy metals .13 2.2.2 Lead (II) Nitrate in environment 14 2.3 Overview of Najas Indica 15 2.4 Lysis process 17 PART III: MATERIALS AND METHODS .18 3.1 Place and date 18 3.1.1 Place 18 3.1.2 Date 18 v n 3.2 Materials 19 3.3 Equipment .19 3.4 Methods 20 3.4.1 Experimental layout 20 PART IV: RESULTS 26 4.2 Pb concentration in plant 28 4.3 Results of Data analysis 30 4.3.1 Time series analysis 30 REFERENCES 38 vi n LIST OF FIGURES Figure Distribution map of Najas Indica (Encyclopedia of Life, 2012) 16 Figure Najas Indica plant 17 Figure Najas Indica plant samples taken in Jakarbaring Lake, Palembang,Indonesia 19 Figure Vacuum filtered machine and set of tools 23 Figure Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) machine 24 Figure 6: Mean Pb concentration in water 27 Figure 7: Mean of Pb concentration in plant 29 Figure 8: Pb concentration in B2 treatment (mean) for water 30 Figure 9: Pb concentration in B3 treatment (mean) for water 31 Figure 10: Pb concentration in B4 treatment (mean) for water 31 Figure 11: Pb concentration in treatment B1for plant (mean) 32 Figure 12: Pb concentration in B2 treatment for plant (mean) 33 n LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Experimental design 20 Table 2: Pb concentration in all treatment for water .26 Table 3: Pb concentration in Najas indica plant 28 n LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer NA None available data ROS Reactive Oxygen Species SNI Indonesia National Standard n PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Water is an integral part of human being, as well as all the species on the Earth It is essentially important in the daily lives of all individual In some organisms, up to 90% of their body weight comes from water and up to 60% of the human adult body is water (USGS, 2005) The 80% water component of the earth is distributed throughout the globe wherein 97.2% of it comes from the ocean, commonly known as salt water; 2.15% is frozen into glaciers; and 0.67% in the form of fresh water reservoir such as groundwater, lakes and streams including the water vapor found in the atmosphere Unfortunately, only the smallest portion is available for the daily needs of human (EdGEO Workshop report, 2010) Nowadays, many communities suffer from water shortage or very limited supply of clean and available water to sustain them When living standard is increasing, it will result in environmental pollution especially water pollution It does not only impact on people activities but also their health, because of some waterrelated diseases According to World Bank study in 1995, about 80% of the diseases were caused by contaminated water in developing countries and about 10 million people were killed annually - an average of 27,000 premature deaths per day, more than half of them children under age (Miller, 1997) The causes of water pollution are wide and problematic especially if the water is polluted by toxic chemicals and heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, and As These pollutants not only come from industrial activities but also in daily household exercises They are non-biodegradable and cannot decompose naturally which affects n