analog electronics

[...]... o The system of Figure 1.1 uses analog voltages throughout The analog voltage from each microphone is increased in voltage by the ampUfier, but it is still an analog of the original sound, and it is this boosted analog signal which is fed to the loudspeakers So, Figure 1.1 is a purely analog system In a typical hi-fi (high fideUty) system, some of the components use analog signals, and some use digital... of these The sound is recorded as a digitally-coded version of the original analog sound signal, as for ordinary compact discs A still picture may be captured as the analog signal from a single scan, that is one frame, of the output from an electronic camera This analog signal is digitized by an analog- to-digital 6 Analog Electronics (A-D) converter, and the digital signal is then coded and recorded... % 1.11 Summary: the roles of analog electronics By now, it should be clear that analog electronics has a vast range of uses, right across the whole spectrum of entertainment and education industries, medicine, industrial instrumentation, computing, transportation, telecommunications and power suppHes In fact, there are very few appHcations of electronics that do not use analog techniques and circuits... measurands use an even wider variety of techniques to obtain analog or digital output signals SAQ 1.6 (i) List types of angular position transducer, stating whether analog or digital in each case (ii) Try to think of common examples of each of the following electrical transducers (even if you don't know how they work): Analog liquid-level gauge; analog rotational velocity gauge; digital force gauge • 1.7... predecessor with analog switching So what remains of analog in telephone systems? The local Unes from individual subscribers to their local exchanges are still mostly analog, but the rest of the system is mostly digital However, all the r.f radio links used in mobile networks, and in the local Unks of some of the telephone companies, use r.f circuits which are essentially the same as those used for analog radio... economically using digital electronics There are integrated circuits called 'digital signalprocessing' (DSP) chips for the purpose In fact, once the analog signals have been converted to digital form, it is worthwhile doing the filtering digitally too (But the A-D converter has to be preceded by an analog filter!) At higher frequencies, however, most signal processing is done by analog circuits because... pressure, respiration, blood oxygen and the like, all measured as electrical signals, and all needing analog ampUfication and processing before digitization for storage before display SAQ 1.5 In these examples of medical instrumentation, what are the primary roles of analog electronics and of digital electronics? % 1.6 Industrial instrumentation Industrial instrumentation includes the measurement, and... circuits in some part of their system The role of analog electronics in all of these applications can be summarized as the processing of input or output signals (or power) in cases where analog techniques are cheaper than any digital technique of the same quahty and offering the same features We could go further with this statement, and include cases where analog techniques are 'more appropriate' or 'the... corrupted The output from the CD player is an analog signal with a peak voltage of 1V or so, and with a very-low noise content It has a very-high signal-to-noise ratio The radio tuner is a conventional radio, but without a power output stage The latest types receive digital broadcasts, in which the audio signals are coded digitally before transmission 4 Analog Electronics All these components have two... as those used for analog radio systems, and are designed by analog circuit designers Short-range radio Unks are being introduced increasingly as parts of local area networks (LANs) connecting computers together SAQ 1,7 What parts of the telecommunications industry are likely to remain analog in the near future, and still need the skills of analog circuit and system designers? • 1.8 Mixed-signal i.e . power electronics. Introduction to electronic systems 1.1 The roles of analog electronics and digital electronics The purpose of this chapter is to clarify the distinction between analog. uses analog voltages throughout. The analog voltage from each microphone is increased in voltage by the ampUfier, but it is still an analog of the original sound, and it is this boosted analog. that is one frame, of the output from an electronic camera. This analog signal is digitized by an analog- to-digital 6 Analog Electronics (A-D) converter, and the digital signal is then coded