Internet Architecture 2 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Day 8 Agenda Return and review assignment # 2 5 A’s, 3 B’s, 1 D, 2 non-submits Quiz # 1 on Oct 4 Chap 1, 2 & 3 20 M/C, 1 Essay (choice of 3), 1 Extra credit 45 Min Open Book Open Notes Lecture/Discuss Internet Architecture 3 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Overview What is a Network? IP Addresses Networks Information Transfer Cable Types Key Components of a Network Factors in Designing a Network Network Management System Internet Architecture 4 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall What is a Network? A connection between at least two computers for the purpose of sharing resources Types: Local Area Networks (LANs) Wide Area Networks (WANs) Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) Internet Architecture: What is a Network? 5 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Peer-to-peer Network Computers linked together as equals No centralized control Share resources on the same network in any way & any time Promotes institutionalized chaos < 10 computers Internet Architecture: What is a Network? 6 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Peer-to-peer Network (Cont’d) Benefits Easy to install/configure Inexpensive User is able to control their own resources Independent from a dedicated server No need for a network administrator Drawbacks Security problems Performance suffers when a computer is accessed Difficult to have backup Decentralized logon passwords No centralized data management Internet Architecture: What is a Network? 7 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Client/Server Network Server – designed to address a client’s request Client – any computer connected to the server within a network Allow authorized user to access any programs/application resided on the server Internet Architecture: What is a Network? 8 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Client/Server Network (Cont’d) Benefits Centralized security control Simpler network administration than peer- to-peer network Centralized password More scalable Ideal for computers are apart Drawbacks Network failure = clients are helpless Specialized staff are needed Higher costs Internet Architecture: What is a Network? 9 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall IP Addresses A host number to identify itself to other hosts Consists of strings of 32 bits E.g. 10111111010101010100000000001100 = 191.170.64.12 Host Name Human-friendly internet addresses E.g. ema3z.mcintire.virginia.edu Internet Architecture: IP Addresses 10 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Networks Network vs. Local Networks are classified by three sizes: Internet Architecture: Networks Class Beginning Bit Bits in remainder of network part # of bits in local part Max. # of networks Max. # of hosts in network A 0 (1-127) 7 24 136 16 million B 10(128-191) 14 16 16,000 65,000 C 110(192-223) 21 8 2 million 254 [...]... Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Information Transfer Information Transfer Packet Grouping of data for transmission on a network Large messages are split into a series of packets for transmission Protocol A rule governing how communication should be conducted Internet Protocol Set of rules used to pass packets 16 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: ... Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Information Transfer OSI Reference Model Layer Info Transacted TCP/IP Protocols Application Application messages HTTP, FTP, SNMP Presentation Compressed data Session Session messages Transport Multiple packets TCP Network Packets IP Data Link Frames Ethernet, PPP Physical Bits Wiring, cables 18 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: ... © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Information Transfer OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Transport Layer Manages the transmission of data across a network Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specifies how two host computers will work together Flow control Sequence assurance Reliability & integrity 21 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Information... Hall Internet Architecture: Information Transfer OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Internet Layer Routes messages across multiple nodes for delivery Handles network congestion to minimize performance problems Internet Protocol (IP) Standard for routing packets 22 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Information Transfer OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Data Link... –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Cable Types Cable Types Twisted-Pair Cable Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Optical Fiber Coaxial Cable Wireless Technology 24 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall UTP Cable 25 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Cable Types Twisted-Pair Cable... Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Cable Types Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Pair of wires do not have the shielding against electrical interference Advantages Less expensive Easy to install Disadvantages Vulnerable to electromagnetic interference & crosswalk Subject to attenuation 27 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Cable Types Shielded... 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Cable Types Coaxial Cable Copper center shielded by a plastic insulating material Advantages Transmits up to 10Mbps over 500m Easy to install Low maintenance Good resistance to noise over long distances Disadvantages Inflexible Low security Limited distance 32 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Cable... transmissions Interference from bright light 33 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network Key Components of A Network Network Interface Card (NIC) Hubs & Switches Routers Gateways 34 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network Network Interface Card Installed in a slot with a cable... Class C 2,097,150 254 532,676,100 3,720,183,052 11 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Networks Networks (Cont’d) Zones Three-letter kind (com, gov, edu) Two-letter kind (ca, uk, jp) New general-purpose zones (firm, store) More Information at The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority http://www.iana.org/domain-names.htm 12 Awad –Electronic Commerce... (EMI) Disadvantage Makes the wiring thick and is difficult to maintain 28 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Optical Fiber 29 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall Internet Architecture: Cable Types Optical Fiber Uses light rather than voltage to indicate one and zeros Advantages High speed transmission High security Smallest in size Supports voice & video . portion of the communication process Internet Architecture: Information Transfer 18 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002 Prentice Hall OSI Reference Model Internet Architecture: Information Transfer Layer. transmission Protocol A rule governing how communication should be conducted Internet Protocol Set of rules used to pass packets Internet Architecture: Information Transfer 17 Awad –Electronic Commerce. 10111111010101010100000000001100 = 191.170.64.12 Host Name Human-friendly internet addresses E.g. ema3z.mcintire.virginia.edu Internet Architecture: IP Addresses 10 Awad –Electronic Commerce 1/e © 2002