Dap an de thi thu thpt quoc gia hoa hoc gia lai 1

,41(1:_ , ; i · , : THI THU' TRUOC SO GIA.O DVC VA DAO T�O KY GIA LAI THI THPT QUOC GIA NAM 2019 MONHoahqc DE CHiNH THUC Thai gian lam bat: 50 phut (kh6ng kJ thoi gian phat aJ) (40 cdu tr&c nghiem) · Ho, ten thi sinh: ; _ M _ a _ d _ St h _ _ io � � I S6 bao danh: (Cho H = · N = · = " N a = · C a = 40· M g = 24· A l = · S = · C l = 5 · F e = " Z n = · A g = ) ' ' Cac thS tich k:hi dSu ' a ' ' diSu kien tieu chuan (0°C, ' ' latm) Bo qua ' ' ' ' ' su hoa tan cua ch�t mroc Cfiu (TH) (ID: ) : DS phan biet cac dung dich rieng biet: NaCl, MgCh, AlCh, FeCh, ta co thS dung dung dich nao sau day? B NaOH D HCI Cau (NB) (ID: ) : Thanh phan chinh cua duong mia la A Fructozo B Glucozo C Saccarozo D Xenlulozo Cau (TH) (ID: 9 ) : Cho h6n hop X gorn bot Al, Fe vao dung dich chira AgN03 va Cu(N03)2, sau phan irng thu duce h6n hop Y gom kim loai va dung dich Z Cho NaOH loang, du vao dung dich Z thu duoc kSt tua gbm hidroxit kim loai Dung dich Z co chira nhirng ch�t nao sau day? A Al(N03)3, AgN03, Fe(N03)3 B Al(N03)3, Fe(N03)2 C Al(N03)3, Cu(N03)2, Fe(N03)3 D Al(N03)3, Fe(N03)2, Cu(N03)2 Cau (TH) (ID: 0 ) : D6t chay hoan toan h6n hop gom ankan va anken thu duce , gam C02 va , gam H20 S6 mol ankan co h6n hop la A 0,04 B 0,09 C 0,06 D , Cau (NB) (ID: ) : Este CH2=C(CH3)-COO-CH2-CH3 co ten goi la A metyl acrylat B etyl fomat C etyl metacrylat D vinyl propionat Cau (TH) (ID: ) : DS danh gia S\J nhiem khong cua mot nha may, nguoi ta d�n khong qua dung dich Pb(N03)2 du, th�y xu�t hien kSt tua mau den Hien tuong chung to kh6ng cua nha may co A NH Cau (NB) (ID: 341903): Dung dich khong hoa tan duoc kim loai Cu la A dung dich KHS04 B dung dich HN03 d�c nguoi C dung dich h6n hop KN03 va HCl D dung dich Fe(N03)3 Cau (VD) (ID: ) : Hoa tan hSt 30,0 gam h6n hop gom Mg va MgC03 dung dich HCl du, sau phan irng thu duoc h6n hop X va dung dich chira , gam muoi Ti khoi cua X so voi hidro la A 1 , B 20,4 c 13,6 D 9,4 Cfiu (TH) (ID: ) : Cho cac cation kim loai sau: Ca +, Cu2+, Na+, Zn2+ Cation co tinh oxi h6a manh nh�t la A Zn B Ca + 2 D Cu + Cau 10 (TH) (ID: ) : Cho CO du di qua h6n hop gorn CuO, Ah03, MgO, nung n6ng + a nhiet cao Sau phan irng xay hoan toan, h6n hop ch�t r�n thu duoc la A Cu, Ah03, Mg B Cu, Al, Mg C Cu, Al, MgO D Cu, Ah03, MgO Cau 1 (NB) (ID: ) : Chat nao sau day khong co tinh ch�t hrong tinh? C AlCb A NaHC03 D Al(OH)3 Cau 12 (TH) (ID: ) : Day gom cac ch�t duce s�p xSp theo chieu tang d�n nhiet soi tu trai sang phai la A HCOOH, CH3CQOH, C2HsOH, HCOOCH3 C CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2HsOH, HCOOCH3 D CH3COOH, C2HsOH, HCOOH, HCOOCH3 Cau 13 (TH) (ID: 9 ) : Phan irng nao sau day tao san pham la ancol va muoi natri cua axit cacboxylic? A HCOOCH=CH-CH3 + NaOH � C HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH � Cau 14 (NB) (ID: ) : Day gom cac kim loai A Cu, Pb, Ag B Cu, Fe, Al bi thu dong dung dich HNQ3 d�c, nguoi la C Fe, Mg, Al D Fe, Al, Cr Cau 15 (TH) (ID: 1 ) : Este X mach co c6ng thirc phan tu CsHs02, duoc tao boi mot axit Y va mot ancol Z vay y khong thS la A.HCOOH Cfiu 16 (TH) (ID: ) : Tripeptit mach la hop ch�t ma phan tu co A hai lien kSt peptit va ba goc a- aminoaxit B ba lien kSt peptit va ba g6c a- aminoaxit C hai lien kSt peptit va hai goc a- aminoaxit D ba lien kSt peptit va ba nguyen tu nito Cfiu 17 (TH) (ID: ) : Cho bot s�t dSn du vao dung dich AgN03, thu duoc dung dich X Trong cac ch�t sau: Ch, Cu, Fe, HCl, NaN03, NaOH, s6 ch�t tac dung duoc voi dung dich X la A.2 B c D Cau 18 (TH) (ID: ) : Day cac ch�t nao sau day dSu c6 phan ung thuy phan m6i tnrong axit? A Tinh bot, xenlulozo, poli (vinyl clorua) B Tinh bot, xenlulozo, protein, saccarozo, chit beo C Tinh bot, xenlulozo, protein, saccarozo, glucozo D Tinh bot, xenlulozo, protein, saccarozo, polietilen Cfiu 19 (NB) (ID: ) : Trong phan phan tu chit hiru ca nhat thiet phai c6 A cac nguyen t6 C, H, B nguyen t6 C C cac nguyen t6 C, H, N D cac nguyen t6 C, H, N, Cau 20 (NB) (ID: ) : Polime nao sau day la polime tong hop? A Ta visco B Thuy tinh hiru ca plexiglas C Tinh bot D Ta tim Cfiu 21 (NB) (ID: ) : diSu kien thirong chit nao sau day khong c6 kha nang phan irng viri dung dich H2S04 loang? A FeCh Cau 22 (TH) (ID: ) : A 13Al D Fe(OH)3 trang thai CO' ban nguyen tu c6 du hinh electron 16p ngoai cung s la B 11Na Cau 23 (TH) (ID: 9 ) : Thuoc thir nhit d� phan biet Gly - Ala - Gly voi Gly - Ala la A dung dich NaCl B dung dich HCI C Cu(OH)2/0ff D dung dich NaOH Cfiu 24 (TH) (ID: 341920): Hoa tan h�t h6n hop ba chit ran: Ca(HC03)2, NaOH va Ca(OH)2 (c6 ti l� s6 mol tuong irng la : : ) vao mroc du Sau cac phan irng xay hoan toan, cac chit thu duoc la A CaC03, NaHCQ3 B NaHC03 D Ca(OH)2 Cau 25 (VD) (ID: ) : Este don clurc X c6 ti kho: so voi CH4 la , Cho 20 gam X tac dung voi 300 ml dung dich KOH IM, dun n6ng Co can dung dich sau phan irng thu duce 28 gam chit din khan Cong thirc ciu tao cua x la B CH3-CQO-CH=CH-CH3 Cau 26 (VD) (ID: 341922): Cho tu tu dung dich HCl vao dung dich A chira a mol Ba(OH)2 va b mol Ba(Al02)2 D6 thi bieu diSn s6 mol Al(OH)3 theo s6 mol HCl nhu sau: ll.�.l(OH)3 0,3 0,2 tlHCl NSu cho dung dich A A 1 , gam 1,1 0,6 a tren tac dung voi 820,00 ml dung dich H2S04 l,OOM thi thu duoc bao nhieu gam kSt tua? B , gam C , gam D , gam Cfiu 27 (VDC) (ID: 341923): Cho m gam h6n hop X g6m N a v a K (ti l� mol : ) vao 500 ml dung dich chira h6n hop gom Ah(S04)3 0,5M va H2S04 1,0M thu duce dung dich Y Cho dung dich Y tac dung voi , lit dung dich HCl , M sau phan irng xay hoan toan thu duoc , gam kSt tua Gia tri nho nh�t cua m la A 74,4 gam B , gam C , gam D , gam Cau 28 {TH) (ID: ) : Cho cac phat bieu sau: ( ) Quy tim d6i mau dung dich phenol (2) E s t e l a ch�t beo (3) Cac peptit d�u c6 phan irng mau biure (4) Trong cac axit don chirc, chi c6 mot axit don clnrc tham gia phan irng trang bac ( 5) DS di�u chS nilon - c6 thS thuc hien phan irng trung ngirng ( 6) C6 thS phan biet glucozo va fructozo bing dung dich mroc brom Phat bieu dung la: A ( ) , (4), (5), (6) B (2), (3), (6) C ( ) , (2), (3), (5) D (4), (5), (6) Cfiu 29 (VD) (ID: 341925): Khi thuy phan 68,4 gam saccarozo dung dich axit H2S04 Ioang (hieu suat phan irng thuy phan dat 80%) thu duoc dung dich Y Trung hoa dung dich Y bing dung dich NaOH r6i thuc hien phan irng trang bac (bing AgN03 NH3) thu duce t6i d a m gam kim loai Ag Gia tri cua m g}n nhit voi gia tri nao sau day? A 69, B , c 96,1 D , Cau 30 (VD) (ID: 341926): H6n hop X gom este no, don chirc mach va amin no, mach ha, c6 amin don clurc va amin hai chirc (hai amin c6 sf> mol bing nhau) Cho m gam X tac dung vira du 200 ml dung dich KOH 1,00M Mat khac, df>t chay hoan toan m gam X d.n dung , mol 02, thu duce C02, H20 va , mol N2 Gia tri cua m la A 22,08 B , C , D , Cau 31 (VDC) (ID: ) : Dien phan dung dich X chira a mol CuS04 va 0,200 mol KCl (dien CIJC tro, mang ngan x6p, cuong dong dien khong d6i) thoi g i a n t giay, thu duce 2,464 lit (J a n o t (dktc) NSu thoi gian dien phan la 2t giay thi t6ng thS tich thu duce a ca hai dien cue la , lit (dktc) BiSt hieu suit dien phan 100%, cac sinh khong tan dung dich Gia tri cua a la A 0,240 B 0, C.0,150 D 0,260 Cau 32 (TH) (ID: 341802): TiSn hanh cac thi nghiern sau: ( ) Ngam la sit dung dich HCl co nho vai giot dung dich CuS04 (2) Ngam la kem dung dich HCl loang ( ) Ngam l nhom dung dich Na a am (5) DS (6) Ngam se thi m t o v�t m t o nghiern F e Cu dung dich bang - gang mieng xay ngoai ng d6 n a vao mon hop cua ,8 a c g a i m l m a B , t KS u q a thi g z A a it x c g y m i (C2H906N3) va dung dich m a Y dung C o d voi d can u n u g ng dich dich Y 0,4 mol Na chira thu OH duoc un n d ng m gam ch t r n khan i cac dung dich 14,6 , X , Y g , Z a m T D voi thuoc un D ung D dich g AgN03 Quy iot Nuce b ro NH3 ghi duoc , ga a m ng sau: ba Hi�n tuong tim dich thir tim Hop ch t i un n n d chuyen mau K t g S K t m S tua tua mau hong anh tim x g A g tran lh luot la lutamic, tinh ot, glucozo, anilin B anilin, tinh b x b ot, glucozo b ot, a it glutamic, glucozo x D a it glutamic, tinh x Cfiu 35 (VD) (ID: 341805): Hoa tan hoan toan hai chit r5.n T t c C cua Quy anilin, a it glutamic, tinh dich Z D.2 Thu6c thu T T a nghiern y , Z, q X a x Y u x Miu thir , Fe2(SQ4)3 a l anh giay ch t amin l m 34 (TH) : C fi u X i tri m l 33 (VD) (ID: 341803): Cho 0, mol ch t thu duce A h dich i C B Cau a dung H khong dien A Gi H O hop kim (4) Ng , X Y b ot, anilin, glucozo (c6 s6 mol bang nhau) vao mroc thu duoc dung iSn hanh cac thi nghiern sau: Thi nghiem : Cho dun g dich Na H du vao V ml dun O g dich Z, thu duoc ni mol kSt tua Thi nghiem : Cho dung dich NH3 du vao V ml dung dich Z, thu duoc n2 mol kSt tua Thi nghiern : Cho dung dich AgNQ3 du vao V ml dung dich Z, thu duqc m3 mol kSt tua BiSt cac phan (mg xay hoan toan va n i < n2 < ns Hai chilt X, Y lfin hrot la nhfrng chilt nao sau day? A FeCh, Al(N03)3 C NaCl, FeCb D FeCh, FeCh Csu 36 (VDC) (ID: ) : Thuy phan m gam h6n hop X gorn mot tetrapeptit A v a mot pentapeptit B mach bang dung dich NaOH vira du r6i co can thu dUQ'C (m + , 7) gam h6n hop muoi cua glyxin va alanin D6t chay toan bo luong muoi sinh bang mot hrong oxi vira du thu duoc Na2C03 va h6n hop hoi Y g6m C02, H20 va N2 D�n toan bo h6n hop hoi Y di rilt cham qua binh dung dung dich NaOH d�c du thay khoi hrong binh tang 84,060 gam va c6 7,392 lit mot nhat (dktc) thoat khoi binh Thanh phan phan tram khoi hrong cua A h6n hop x la B , % A , % Cau 37 (VDC) 0,250M va HCl (ID: 341807): Dung dich C , % X gom KHC03 aM va Na2C03 , 0 M Nh6 tu tu dSn hSt 0 ml dung dich X vao D 5 , % 1,000M Dung dich Y gom H2S04 lOOml dung dich Y, thu duoc , 8 lit (dktc) C02 Nh6 tu tu cho dSn hSt 0 ml dung dich Y vao 0 ml dung dich X thu duoc dung dich E Cho dung dich Ba(OH)2 toi du vao E, thu duce m gam kSt tua BiSt cac phan (mg d�u xay hoan toan Gia tri cua a va m lfin luot co thS la A , va , B , va 20,600 C , va 20,600 D , va , Cau 38 (VDC) (ID: 8 ) : Tron , gam bot Al voi , gam h6n hop r�n X gorn Fe, Fe3Q4, FeO, Fe203 va Fe(N03)2 thu duoc h6n hop Y Hoa tan hoan toan Y vao dung dich loang chira , mol HCl va , mol HN03 khuay d�u cho cac phan irng xay hoan toan, thu dUQ'C dung dich z (khong chira ion NH4 +) va , mol h6n hop T g6m NO va N20 (gia SU khong c6 H2) Cho dung dich AgN03 dSn du vao dung dich Z Sau cac phan irng xay hoan toan, thu dUQ'C dung dich M; 0,025 mol NO (san pham khir nhilt cua N+ 5) va 280,75 gam kSt tua, Phfin tram khoi luong cua Fe(N03)2 y la A 76,70% B , % c 51,14% D , % Cfiu 39 (VDC) (ID: ) : X, Y, Z la este d�u no, mach ha, khong phan nhanh (khong chira nh6m chirc khac va Mx < M v « Mz) Dun h6n hop E chira X, Y, Z voi dung dich NaOH vira du thu duce , gam ancol T va h6n hop F chira muoi A, B c6 ti le mol nrong irng la : ( M A < MB) Cho toan bo ancol T tac dung voi Na du thu duoc 4,48 lit H2 (dktc) D6t chay toan bo F thu duce Na2C03, C02 va 6,3 gam H20 S6 nguyen tu hidro c6 phan tu y la A B c D.6 Cau 40 (TH) (ID: ) : TiSn hanh thi nghiem di�u chS etyl axetat theo cac buoc sau day: Buoc : Cho ml C2HsOH, ml CH3COOH va vai giot dung dich H2S04 d�c vao 6ng nghiern Buoc : L�c d�u 6ng nghiern, dun each thuy (trong n6i mroc n6ng) khoang 5-6 phut a - 70°C Buoc : Lam lanh, sau r6t ml dung dich NaCl bao hoa vao 6ng nghiem Phat biSu nao sau day sai? A Sau buoc 3, chilt long 6ng nghiem tach lop B Sau buoc 2, 6ng nghiem v�n C2HsOH va CH3COOH C H2S04 d�c c6 vai tro vua lam chilt x:uc tac vua lam tang hieu suilt tc;10 san phftm D Mµc dich cua viec them dung dich NaCl bao hoa la dS tranh phan huy san phftm DAPAN B 11 c 21 A 31 c c 12 B 22 B 32 B D 13 B 23 c 33 D c 14 D 24 B 34 A c 15 c 25 A 35 A c 16 A 26 D 36 B A 17 D 27 B 37 D c 18 B 28 D 38 B D 19 B 29 A 39 c 10 D 20 B 30 A 40 D HUONG DAN GIA.I CHI TIET ThtJ'C h i � n : B a n chuyen mfm tuyensinh247.com Cau : Phurrng phap: Ca chilt tren dSu la muoi tao cung g6c Cl- va cac g6c cation kim loai khac ) chon thuoc thir dung d� phan biet cac cation kim loai Huong d�n giai: Chon dung dich NaOH lam thuoc thir Cho tu tu dung dich NaOH vao cac chilt tren + Xuilt hien kSt tua trang la MgClz: MgCh + 2NaOH ) Mg(OH)2J + 2NaCl + Xuilt hien kSt tua keo trang, sau kSt tua tan d�n la AlCh: AlCh + N a O H ) Al(OH)3J + 3NaCl + Xuilt hien kSt tua nau la FeCh: FeCh + N a O H ) Fe(OH)3J + 3NaCl + Khong co hien tuong g i l a NaCl Dap an B Cau 2: Phurrng phap: Thuoc cac dang t6n tai cua cac chilt tren co tu nhien Hurrng d�n giai; Thanh phan chinh cua duong mia la Saccarozo Dap an C Cau J: Phuong phap: H6n hop kim Ioai tac dung voi h6n hop muoi thi kim loai manh se tac dung voi muoi ySu tnroc Hmmg d�n giai: -7-1· Truy c�p tran� htt�://tuyensinh247.com/ d� hoc Toan Dia - GDCD tot nhat! Ly - Hoa - Sinh - Van - Anh - Sir - +NaOHdu Dap an D Cau 4: Phurrng phap: D6t chay anken thu duce nazo = ncoz D6t chay ankan thu duce nazo > ncoz va nankan = nnzo - ncoz =? Hurrng d�n giai; nooz = , : 2 , = , ( m o l ) ; nnso = , : = 0,25 (mol) D6t chay anken thu duoc nmo = ncoa D6t chay ankan thu duce nnzo > ncoz va Ilankan = nmo - ncoz = , - , = 0,06 (mol) Dap an C Cau 5: Phuong p h a p : Ten este RCOOR' = ten g6c ancol R' (duoi yl) + ten g6c RCOO- (duoi at) Hurmg d�n giai: CH2=C(CH3)-COO-CH2-CH3 c6 ten etyl metacrylat Dap an C Cau 6: Phurrng phap: KSt tua mau den la PbS - suy duoc tuong irng Huong d�n giai: Pb(N03)2 + H S -+ PhS] ( d e n ) + 2HN03 KSt tua den la PbS nen khong bi nhiem H2S Dap an C Cau 7: Phuong phap: Dua vao tinh ch�t h6a hoc cua Cu Huong d�n giai: A KHS04 la muoi nhung c6 tinh ch�t nhu mot axit manh, nhung Cu la kim loai dung sau H day dien h6a nen khong c6 pu B 3Cu + 8HN03 d�c nguoi -+ 3Cu(NQ3)2 + 2NO + 4H20 C 3Cu + 2NQ3-+ H + -+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H20 Dap an A Chu y: Chi Al, Fe, Cr thu dong dd H2S04 d�c nguoi va HNQ3 d�c nguoi ion NQ3- m6i tnrong axit c6 tinh oxi h6a manh nhu HNQ3 Cau 8: Phuong p h a p : D�t s6 mol cua Mg va MgCQ3 l�n luot l a x va y (mol) Lap h� in phuong trinh voi khoi luong h6n hop va s6 mol muoi giai duce x, y =? C6 x, y dua vao PTHH tinh duoc tuong irng va suy duoc ti khoi voi H2 Hurrng d�n giai: Dat s6 mol cua Mg va MgCQ3 l�n hrot l a x va y (mol); nMgCl2 = , : 95 = 0,5 (mol) M g + H C -+ MgCh + H2i -+ x x -+ x (mol) MgCQ3 + 2HC1 -+ MgCh + C02 j + H20 -+ y Ta c6 M y -+ y (mol) phirong trinh: = 24x + 84y = � {x = 0, {mhh n muoi = x + y = 0, n � = x = 0, 2(mol) y = 0, � Mx = H o 2 + O 44 ' · ' · = 27 � d = 13 { nco =y=0,3(mol) 0,2+0,3 ' xH2 ' Dap an C Cau 9: Phurrng p h a p : Kim loai nao ySu nhat thi cation tirong irng cua kim loai se c6 tinh oxh manh nhat Hurmg d�n giai: Kim loai nao ySu nh�t thi cation tuong irng cua kim loai se co tinh oxh manh nhat -+ Cu2+ co tinh oxi h6a manh nhat Dap an D Cau 10: Phuong phap: CO chi khir duce cac oxi kim loai dung sau Al day di�n h6a CO chi khir duce cac oxi kim loai dung sau Al day dien h6a Dap an D Cau 1 : Phurmg phap: Chftt c6 tinh chat hrong tinh la chftt c6 kha nang vira tac dung duoc voi dung dich axit, vua tac dung diroc voi dung dich bazo Hurrng d§n giai: Chftt c6 tinh chftt hrong tinh la chat c6 kha nang vira tac dung duoc voi dung dich axit, vira tac dung duce voi dung dich bazo C AlCh chi tac dung duoc voi dd NaOH D Al(OH)3 + H C -+ AlCh + H ; Al(OH)3 + N a O H -+ NaAI02 + 3H20 Vay AlCh khong c6 tinh chftt hrong tinh Dap an C Cau 12: Phuong phap: - Cac y�u t6 anh huong toi nhiet soi: (1) Lien k�t Hidro ; (2) Kh6i Iuong phan tu; (3) Hinh dang phan tu + Voi cac chftt c6 cung cong thirc phan tu thi chftt nao c6 lien k�t hidro cang 16n thi nhiet soi cang cao + Nhiet soi tang phan tu khoi tang + Cac chat cang phan nhanh thi c6 nhiet soi thftp hon voi cac chftt khong phan nhanh + D6ng phan cis c6 nhiet soi 16n hon trans Axit > ancol > amin > este > xeton > andehit > d i n xu§t h a l o g e n > ete > CxHy - - NSu c6 H20: t(H20) = 100°C > ancol c6 nguyen tu NSu c6 phenol: c va < ancol c6 tu 4C tro len phenol > ancol c6 7C tro xuong va axit c6 ::S 4C Hurmg diin giai: Nhiet soi: HCOOCH3 < C2HsOH < HCOOH < CH3COOH Dap an B Cau : Phurrng phap: Ch�t c6 du tao RCOOCH2-R' phan (mg voi NaOH se thu duoc muoi va ancol Huong diin giai: A HCOOCH=CH-CH3 + NaOH � HCOONa + CH3-CH2-CHO - muoi + andehit f B HCOOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH � HCOONa + CH2=CH-CH2-0H - rnuoi + ancol to ' C HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH � HCOONa + CH3COCH3 - muoi + xeton Dap an B Chu y: Ancol la cac chat c6 nh6m -OH lien kSt tnrc tiSp voi nguyen tu C no NSu -OH g�n voi C khong no b�c se bi chuyen h6a andehit, g�n voi C khfmg no b�c se bi chuyen h6a xeton Cau : Hurrng diin giai: Cac kim loai bi thu dong HN03 dac, nguoi la Fe, Al, Cr Dap an D Cau 15: Phurrng phap: ViSt cac CTCT thoa man cua X, tu suy duoc axit nao khong thS duoc tao nen Hurrng diin giai: CsHg02 c6 b�t bao hoa k = ( + - 8)/2 = - c6 I lien kSt pi nh6m -COO- va I lien kSt pi 6' mach ngoaicacbon Este duce du tao tu mot axit va I ancol thoa man la HCOOCH2CH2-CH=CH2 du tao tu axit HCOOH va ancol CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-0H HCOOCH(CH3)-CH=CH2 du t�o tu axit HCOOH va ancol CH2=CH-CH2(CH3)-0H CH2=CH-CH3-COOCH3 cilu tao tu axit CH2=CH-CH2-COOH (hay C3HsCOOH) va ancol Y CH30H CH3-CH=CH-COOCH3 cilu tao tu axit CH3-CH=CH-COOH (hay C3HsCOOH) va ancol Y CH30H V�y Y khdng th� la C2HsCOOH Dap an C Cau : Phurrng p h a p : Peptit duoc tao nen tu cac a- aminoaxit lien kSt voi S6 lien kSt peptit = S6 milt xich - Hurmg d�n giai: Tripeptit mach c6 hai lien kSt peptit va ba goc a- aminoaxit Dap an A Cau : Phuong phap: dung dich X clura: Fe(N03)2 chon cac chat c6 pu voi chat Hurmg d�n giai: Fe d u + 2AgN03 -+ Fe(N03)2 + A g t -+ dung dich X chira: Fe(N03)2 S6 chilt tac dung duce voi dd X la: Ch, HCl, N a O H -+ c6 chilt 6Fe(N03)2 + C h -+ 4Fe(N03)3 + 2FeCh 9Fe(N03)2 + 12HC1 -+ 5Fe(N03)3 + 4FeCh + 3NO + 6H20 Fe(N03)2 + 2NaOH -+ Fe(OH)2t + 2NaN03 Dap an D Cfiu : Phuong phap: Cac chilt bi thuy phan moi tnrong axit: di saccarit, poli saccarit, este, chilt beo, cac chilt c6 nh6m -CO-NH- Huong d�n giai; A loai poli (vinyl clorua) B thoa man C loai glucozo D loai polietilen Dap an B Cau : Phurmg p h a p : Dua vao khai niem vS hop ch§.t hiru ca: Hop ch§.t hiru ca la hop chat cua cacbon, thuong c6 hidro va oxi (tnr CO, C02, muoi cacbonat, muoi cacbua kim loai, HCN) Hurrng d�n giai: Trang phan phan tu ch§.t hfru ca nhat thiet phai c6 nguyen t6 c Dap an B Cfiu : Phurrng phap: Thuoc cac loai polime thien nhieruto Him, bong, len, soi ), polime ban tong hop (ta visco, ta axetatjcon lai se la polime tong hop Huong d�n giai: Ta tarn, tinh bot la polime thien nhien Ta visco la polime ban tong hop Thuy tinh hiru ca plexiglas la polime t6ng hop Dap an B Cau : Phuong p h a p : Dua vao tinh chat h6a hoc cua dd H2S04 loang Chu y: diSu kien xay phan irng trao d6i la tao chat kSt tua, chat bay hoi hoac chat dien li ySu Hurrng d�n giai: A FeCh khong c6 kha nang phan irng voi dd H2S04 la FeCh vi khong sinh duoc ch§.t kSt tua hay bay hoi Dap an A C a u 22: Phuong phap: Suy luan: du hinh electron lop ngoai cung la s - thuoc chu ki , nh6m IA bang HTTH Hurrng d,n giai: n Na co du hinh: ls22s22p 3s Dap an B Cau 23: Phuong phap: Dua vao tinh ch�t khac biet cua cac tripeptit tro nen ma dipeptit khong co - se chon duoc thuoc thir phu hop Hurmg d,n giai: Chon Cu(OH)2/0ff vi Gly - Ala - Gly co phan (mg rnau voi Cu(OH)2/0H- tao phirc mau tim, Gly-Ala khong co hien tuong Dap an C Cau 24: Phuong p h a p : Chu y dSn ti l� d� bai cho dS viSt PTHH phu hoph Ca(HC03)2 + NaOH ti l� : tao muoi Na2C03 va CaC03 Ca(HC03)2 + NaOH ti l� : tao muoi NaHC03 va CaC03 Hurrng d,n giai: Ca(HC03)2 + NaOH - CaC03 + NaHC03 - dung dich thu duce chi chira NaHC03 Dap an B Cau 25: Phurrng phap: D�t CTPT X: BTKL m rin RCOOR' - Rin gorn: RCOOK: 0,2 mol va KOH du: 0, mol = 28 (g) - R = ? C6 phan tu kh6i cua RCOOR' = 0 (g/mol) se tim duce R' - suy duce CTCT cua este Hurrng d�n giai: Mx = 6,25 = 0 (g/mol) nx = 20 : 0 = 0,2 ( m o l ) ; IlKoH = 0,3 (mol) D�t CTPT X: RCOOR' Vi este don chirc => nxoa pu = nx = 0,2 ( m o l ) -+ nxoa d u = 0, (mol) -+ Riln gom: RCOOK: 0,2 mol va KOH du: 0, mol -+ (R + 83 ) , + 0, = 28 -+ R = 29 (-C2Hs) C6 R + 44 + R' = 0 -+ R' = (-C2H3) Vay CTCT este la CH3-CH2-COOCH=CH2 Dap an A Cau : Phurrng phap: Cho tu tu HCl vao dd A se xay phan irng theo thir W H+ + O ff -+ H20 (1) H+ + Al02- + H -+ Al(OH)3J 3H+ + Al ( O H ) -+ Al3+ + 3H20 (2) (3) Giai doan : d6 thi chua xuit hien kSt tua xay ( ) Giai doan : d6 thi di len xay ( ) va (2) Giai doan : d6 thi di xuong xay ( ) , (2), (3) Dua vao s6 lieu tren d6 thi d�t vao thir W cac phan irng xay se tinh duce a, b = ? Xet dd A phan irng voi dd H2S04 thi kSt tua thu duce la BaSQ4 va Al(OH)3 Hurmg d�n giai: Cho tu tu HCl vao dd A se xay phan irng theo thir W H+ + Al02- + H -+ Al(OH)3J 3H+ + Al(OH)3 -+ Al + + 3H20 (2) (3) Giai do�n : d6 thi chua xuit hi�n kSt tua xay ( ) Giai doan : d6 thi di len xay ( ) va (2) Tai nact = 0,6 -+ ntt+ = non + nAl(OH)3! -+ 2a + 0,2 = 0,6 -+ a = 0,2 Giai doan : d6 thi di xuong xay ( ) , (2), (3) Tai naci = , (mol), ( ) va (2) xay h�t, (3) dang xay -+ ntt+ = non.ru + nAl02-(2) + 3nAl(OH)3 bi hoa tan -+ , = 2a + 2b + (2b - 0,3) co a = , -+ b = 0,2 (mol) vay dd A clura 0,2 mol Ba(OH)2 va 0,2 mol Ba(Al02)2 hay Inott- = , ; nae- = , ; nA102- = 0,4 (mol) Xet dd A + 0,82 mol H2S04 co phan irng 0,4con 1,24 + 0,4 (mol) -+ 0,4 0,4 (mol) -+ , 0,4con 0,84- 0,4 0,84 -+ (mo!) 0,28con 0,12 -+ mkJttiia = massoa + mAl(OH)3 C o n l :.i i = , 3 + , = , (g) Dap an D Cau : Phuong phap: {H2S04:0,25 } + X hh {N K } a Al2(S04)3: ol {K+,Na\AI02-} < 2l �ddY -� -+>Al(OH) 0,5 so42-,0H- {AI3+,K+,Na+} �+ddZ ' ,,. -' HCll,5mol Kh6 i a, bao toan hrong N K da nguyen dung t6 Al, goc co gia tri Soi· nho va bao nhat toan i kh xay dien hien tuong hoa ch dung dich ti tan mot Z phan k�t tua se tim duce mol , K er - so 0,3mol a ' qua trinh ( 2) a tu tinh duoc m N Hurrng d�n giai: K hhX } {H2S04:0,25 + { Na } (ll {K+,Na+,AI02-} �dd Y Ali(S04\ : 0,5 Al(OH) � � eo Th +,K+,Na+} + ddZ so/-,c1- Kh6i hrong Na, K da dung c6 gia tri nho nhat xay hien tuong hoa tan mot phan kSt tua bao toan nguyen t6 Al, g6c n =n Al3+(Z) AI +(bd) -n Al(OH)3 Soi· a qua trinh (2) Theo va bao toan di�n tich dung dich Z, ta c6: = ' { x = 1, 7(mol) nsol- =nHSO +3nAI ( S O ) 4 => =1,25 mmin=mK+mNa=l,7.23+1,7.39=105,4(g) 3n Al3+(Z) + n K + + n N a + =nc,- +2nso/· '-,r -' ,2 x x 1,5 1,25 Dap an B Cau : Phuong phap: Dua vao kien thirc Ii thuyet t6ng hop hfru ca Hmmg din giai: ( ) sai (2) sai (3) sai, phai tripeptit tro nen rnoi c6 phan irng rnau biure (4) dung, la axit HCOOH (5) dung, nilon -6 duce di�u chS tu trung ngung axit £-amino caproic (6) dung, glucozo lam m§,t mau dd nUO'C brom fructozo khong lam m§,t mau do phan biet dUQ'C - (4), (5), (6) dung Dap an D Cau 29: Phuong p h a p : nAg = 2ngJu + 2ntruc = 4nsac ptr = ? Huong din giai: nsac = , : 342 = 0,2 (mol) Vi %H = 80% nen s6 mol sac phan irng la: llsac = , % : 0 % = , (mol) sac - glu + fruc 0,16 - 0,16 , (mol) nAg = 2ng1u + 2nrruc = 4nsac pu Dap an A Cau 30: = , = 0,64 (mol) - mAg = , = , (g) g}n nhit v6'i 60,1 gam Phuong phap: n2 este = nxoa ; Su dung BTNT "N" tim duoc s6 mo! m6i amin Bao toan nguyen t6 va sir chech lech s6 mo! H20, C02 d6t chay amin se tim duoc tung mo! C02, H20 BTKL ta c6: m = m e + mtt + mo(este) + mN = ? Dat cong thirc este no don chirc mach ho la CiB2n02 D�t cong thirc cua amin no, don chirc, mach ho la CmH2m+3N: x (mo!) D�t cong thirc cua amin no, hai chirc, mach ho la CaH2a+4N2: x (mo!) - nenH2n02 = nKOH = 0,2 (moJ) BTNT " N " : x + 2x = , - x = 0,08 (mo!) Dat ncoz = b ( m o ! ) ; nazo = c (mo!) BTNT " C " : ncoz = 0,2n + , m + ,0 a BTNT "H" nazo = 0,2n + 0,08(m + , ) + , (a +2) - nnzo - ncos = 0,28 (mo!) ( ) BTNT " O " : 2neo2 + nnao = 2nceste) + 2n02 - 2ne02 + nnzo = , + , = , (2) giai ( ) Va (2) - ncoz = , (moJ); nazo = , (moJ) BTKL ta c6: m = m e + mtt + mo(este) + mn = , + , + , + 0, = 2 , (g) Dap an A Cau : Phuong p h a p : Bai toan dien phan dung dich Cac qua trinh c6 th€ xay o dien eve: +) Catot: Cu2+ + e - Cu 2H20 + 2e - 20ff + H2 +) Anot: c - - c i + 2e 2H20 - 4H+ + 02 + 4e => Bien Juan cac ch§.t c6 h6n hop thu duce giai dean: - Khi dien phan t giay - Khi dien phan 2t giay => Xem H20 co bi dien phan a cac dien cue hay kh6ng - Dua vao dinh luat bao toan electron trao df>i => s6 mol Cu2+ => m Huong d � n giai: Cac qua trinh co thS xay a dien cue: Cu2+ + e -+ Cu +) Catot: 2H20 + 2e -+ 20ff + H2 C I - -+ C h + 2e +) Anot: 2H20 -+ 4H+ + 02 + 4e * Khi dien phan t giay: n1 Nuoc da bi dien phan => noz = => * Ilkhi Ilc u giay) a Anot (anot) - nc12 = 0, 1 - 0, = , mol = 2nc12 + 4no2 = , + , = 0,24 mol Khi dien phan 2t giay: nec21giay)= , = 0,48 mol +) Tai Anot: nm = 0, mol Ta c6: ns= 2nc12 + 4no2 => no2 = 114 (0,48 - , ) = 0,07 mol => nkh, Ilkhl (anot) = ncu + noa = 0, + 0,07 = 0, mol = 5,824 : 22,4 = 0,26 mol > 0, => Nuce bi dien phan a Catot => IlH2 (catot) = 0,26 - 0, = 0,09 mol - Bao toan e: ne trao abi = 2ncu2+ + 2nm = 4no2 + 2nc12 => ncez- = Yz.(4no2 + 2nc12 - 2nm) = Yz (4.0,07 + , - , ) = , mol => a = 0,15 mol Dap an C Cau 32: Phuong p h a p : E>iSu kien dS xay an men dien hoa Ia: - C6 dien cue khac vs ban ch�t h6a hoc - Cac cap dien cue tiSp xuc tnrc tiep hoac gian tiSp voi qua day d�n - Cac cap dien cue cung duce nhung dung dich ch�t dien Ii Hurrng d,n giai; E>iSu kien ds xay an mon dien hoa Ia: - C6 dien cue khac vs ban chat h6a hoc - Cac cap dien cue tiSp xuc true tiSp hoac gian ti Sp voi qua day d�n - Cac cap di�n eve cung duce nhung dung dich chilt dien li ( ) F e + Cu + * Fe2++ Cu Cu sinh barn len la sit tao cap dien eve Fe-Cu, chung duoc nhung dung dich dien Ii (HCl, FeS04) nen thoa man di�u kien xay an mon di�n h6a => C6 an mon di�n h6a (2) Khong xay an mon dien h6a khong tao duce cap dien eve nae (3) Khong xay an mon dien h6a khong tao duoc cap dien eve nao (4) Cap dien eve Fe-Cu cung nhung dung dich chilt dien li (HCl) => C6 an mon dien h6a (5) Gang c6 chira Fe va C nen tao cap dien eve Fe-C, khong diroc coi la chat dien li => C6 an rnon dien h6a (6) Khong xay an mon dien h6a khong tao duoc cap dien cue nao vay c6 thi nghiern xay an mon dien h6a Dap an B Cau 33: Phuong phap: /NH3NQ3 X la CH2 \NH3HC03 Vi@t va tinh theo PTHH: CH2(NH3NQ3)(NH3HC03) + N a O H * CH2(NH2)2 + NaN03 + Na2C03 + 3H20 Hurmg din giai: /NH3NQ3 X la CH2 \NH3HC03 PTHH: CH2(NH3NQ3)(NH3HC03) + N a O H - CH2(NH2)2 + NaN03 + Na2C03 + 3H20 Bd: 0,1 Pu: 0,1- Vay chilt r5.n => m an kh 0,3du0,l gom: NaOH du (0, = 0, + 0, + 0, chi\tr�n Dap an 0,4 mol), = * , NaN03 , gam D Cau 34: Hurrng din giai: Trong X lam Y tao Z c6 cac quy hop n pha chilt tim chilt a cac dap chuyen mau x a n: hong anh => tim voi ng trang guang => u xit glutamic A Z iot => Y la tinh bot la glucozo 0, ( * 1 mo ! ) va 0, * Na2C03 0, * (0, mo !) 0,3 T phan irng voi Br2 thu duoc k�t tua trang => T la anilin Dap an A C a u 35: Phuong p h a p : Gia SU nx = ny = (mol) Xet tung phirong an va chon dap an dung phu hop voi du kien d� bai Hurmg d�n giai: Gia SU nx = nv = (mol) A dung vi: TN1 tao mol Fe(OH)2 => ni = (mol) TN2 tao mol Fe(OH)2 va lmol Al(OH)3 => n2 = (mol) TN3 tao mol AgCl va mol A g = > ns = (mol) => thoa man n i < nz < n3 C sai vi TN1 va TN2 chi tao Fe(OH)2 n i = nz = mol => kh6ng thoa man ni < n2 B sai vi TN1 thu duce mol Fe(OH)2; TN3 thu duoc mol A g = > ni = n3 => kh6ng thoa man ni < ns D sai vi TN1 sinh mol Fe(OH)2 va TN2 sinh mol Fe(OH)3 => n i = n2 => kh6ng thoa man ni < n2 Dap an A C a u 36: Phuong phap: Do cac peptit duoc tao tu Gly va Ala nen ta co thS quy d6i h6n hop x thanh: x thanh: CONH, CH2, H20 (voi s6 mol H20 bang s6 mol peptit) Hurrng d�n giai: Khi thoat la N2 => nN2 = , 3 mol => nN (X) = 0,66 mol Do cac peptit duoc tao tu Gly va Ala nen ta co thS quy d6i h6n hop CONH, CH2, H20 (voi s6 mol H20 bang s6 mol peptit) Sa d6 bai toan: C O NH : , 6 OON a : 0, 66 BTC +NaOHvuadu X CH : x { H 0:y Muoi NH : 0, 66 m muoi {C CH BTH H20: x +0,66 : x (m+23,7)(g) = , 6 + , 6 + 14x = x + , : 0,33 (g) mx = 0,66.43 + 14x + y = 14x + y + , (g) => m muoi > x +0,33 N m(g) co2: +o, mx = 26,4 - y = , => y = , mol => nx = nazo = , mol "Xet X: Dat nA = a va nB = b (mol) + nx = a + b = 0, + BTNT " N " : nN = 4a + S b = 0,66 Giai h� duce a = 0,09 va b = 0,06 "Xet phan irng d6t muoi: m binh tang mc02 + mH20 => 44(x + , 3 ) + 18(x + 0,66) = 84,06 => x = 0,93 f" Gia str muoi g6m: Gly-Na (u mol) va Ala-Na (v mol) Ta l�p duce h� phuong trinh: + m muoi = 95u + 1 lv = , 6 + , 6 + , + BTNT " N " : nN = u + v = 0,66 Giai M duce u = , va v = , Gia SU x chira: A: Gly-Alaa., (0,09 mol) voi n :S B : GlymAlas-m (0,06 mol) voi m :S nrny-Na = 0,09n + 0,06m = , => 3n + 2m = CO nghiern (n = , m = 5) Vil (n = ; m = 2) thoa man T H I : Gly(Ala)3 (0,09 mol) va (Gly)s (0,06 mol) => %mmy(Ala)3 = , 7 % TH2; (Gly)3Ala (0,09 mol) va (Gly)2(Ala)3 (0,06 mol) => %mcGtyJ3Ala = , % Xet cac dap an ta th�y dap an B thoa man Dap an B Cau : Phurrng phap: T N l : Cho tu tu X vao Y thi HCQ3- va Col- phan irng d6ng thoi theo dung ti 1� mol 1� mol HCQ3- + H+ + H20 + C02 co> + 2H+ + H20 + C02 *TN2: Cho tu tu Y vao X thi phan irng xay 1§.n hrot theo thir tu co> + H+ HC03- + + HCQ3- H+ + H20 + C02 Hurrng din giai: HC0 0, la : 0 ml X H SO ; {K Na T N l : Cho C0 : 0,1 tu tu X vao Y thi HCQ3- va HCQ3- + H+ + H20 + C02 x x x : 0, 025 0 ml Y { HCl: 0,15 co> phan irng dong thoi theo dung ti 2y y y (Do ntt+ (0,2 mol) < 2nco32- + nttc03-(0,2 + 0, la) nen suy H+ het) Theo dS bai ta c6 + no» + ntt+ = x + y = X = + 2y = Giai h� duce x Do HC03- va = M: 0, mol 0,2 0,04 va y Col- = 0,08 phan (mg theo dung ti I� mol nen ta c6: 0, la/0, = 0,04/0,08 = > a = 0,5 *TN2: Cho tu tu Y vao X thi phan (mg xay l�n hrot theo thir tu c o l · + H+ 0, -+ 0, HC03- -+ dtrO,l + O , l ct u o , o s HC03" -+ 0, => nncos = 0, + 0,05 = 0, mol H + -+ H20 + C02 0,1 + Khi cho dd Ba(OH)2 du vao dung dich E thi c6 cac phan irng t m k�ttua= , + 0,025.233 = 15,675 gam Dap an D Cau 38: Phuong phap: KSt hop cac phuong phap bao toan dien tich, bao toan nguyen t6, bao toan kh6i luong Hmmg din giai: nAJ = 0,3 mol "Xet phan irng cua Z va AgN03 du: Do them AgN03 vao thu duoc NO nen suy IlAgCI => = IlAg IlCJ- = , mol => ffiAgCI = , < 280,75 (g) => = 0,075mol PTHH: 0,075 + 0, + dung dich Z chtra Fe2+, H+ (kh6ng chira N03-) 0,025 ffiAg = , - 272,65 = 8, gam Fe2+ + A g + -+ Fe3+ + Ag 0,075 - 0,075 A g + + c - -+ AgCI 1,9 Vay Sa -+ 1,9 fa dung dich Y: nFe2+ = 0,075 + 0,075 = , mo); ntt+ = , mo) SUY d6 bai toan: Al + ' Al : , 1,9 Fe y + -e dd Z { HN0 HCI: Oxit : 0, Fe(NOJ cr : , '- ' 43,3(g) BTDT: nFe3+= (nc1 3nAl3+- 2nFe2+- ntt+)/3 = 0,2 mo) BTNT "H": nnzo = (nncr + naxos - ntt+du)/2 = 0,975 mol D�t nNo = + nT = X va nN20 = y (mol) + y = 0,275 ( ) X + BTKL: ill y + ffiHCI + ffiHN03 = ffiAl3++ ffiFe2+ + ffiFe3+ + ffiH+ + ffiCI- + ffiNO + ffiN20 + mmo => , + , , + , = , + , + , + , + , , + 30x + 44y + , (2) Giai h� (1) va (2) BTNT " N ": => dUQ'C: nFe(N03)2= %mFe(N03)2trongY= Dap an B Cau 39: x = 0,2 + (nNo va y = 0,07 2nN20 - nttN03)/2 = , mol 0,1.180/43,3 = 41,57% Phuong phap: Do D�t * este kh6ng phan ancol la ancol CnH2n+2-m(OH)m -+ sf> Ancol co Dua vao Hurrng din Do este la 0,5m clnrc => Ancol co tf>i da chirc H2 mol dUQ'C chira nen mroc thu ta mf>i lien xet m = duoc h� gifra hoac df>t muoi n va m m = => dS Anc ol tim T muoi A, B giai: kh6ng phan D�t ancol este chira tf>i da T va N a: mo) H2 ta tim tf>i da sf> nen CnH2n+2-m(OH)m Phan irng cua Dua vao nhanh nhanh nen CnH2n+2-m(OH)m este chira tf>i da clnrc => Ancol co tf>i da chirc * Phan irng cua ancol T va Na: CnH211+2-m(OH)m - , m H2 0,4/m 0,2 +- (mo!) m anco1= n anco1.M anco1=> , = 0,4/m.(14n + m + 2) => m = 14n + Ancol co t6i da chira nen ta xet: + m = => n = / (loai) + m = => n = => T la C2H4(QH)2 V�y suy cac este co dang: (RC00)2C2H4; (R'C00)2C2H4; RCOOC2H40QCR' "Phan irng d6t muoi: nH20 = , mol Dat s6 mol cua muoi A v a B lfin Iuot la 5x va 3x (mol) => n muoi = Sx + 3x = 8x (mol) Do cac este d�u la chirc nen ta c6: n mubi = 2nanco1 => 8x = 0,4 mol => x = , Gia str muoi gom: CaH2a-102Na (0,25) va CbH2b-102Na ( , ) BTNT " H " : nH20 = 0,25(a-0,5) + 0, ( b - , ) = , = > S a + 3b = 1 co nghiern a = va b = = > A l a HCOONa va B la CH3CQONa => x la (HC00)2C2H4; y la HCOO-C2H4-QQC-CH3; z la (CH3C00)2C2H4 => Phan tu Y co clnra nguyen tu H Dap an C Cau : Hurmg d,n giai: A, B, C dung D sai vi muc dich cua viec them dung dich NaCl bao hoa l a d � tang ti cua phan dung dich phia duoi, lam cho etyl axetat d� dang tach d� n6i len tren Dap an D ... lam tang hieu suilt tc ;10 san phftm D Mµc dich cua viec them dung dich NaCl bao hoa la dS tranh phan huy san phftm DAPAN B 11 c 21 A 31 c c 12 B 22 B 32 B D 13 B 23 c 33 D c 14 D 24 B 34 A c 15 ... cang 16 n thi nhiet soi cang cao + Nhiet soi tang phan tu khoi tang + Cac chat cang phan nhanh thi c6 nhiet soi thftp hon voi cac chftt khong phan nhanh + D6ng phan cis c6 nhiet soi 16 n hon trans... phan t giay: n1 Nuoc da bi dien phan => noz = => * Ilkhi Ilc u giay) a Anot (anot) - nc12 = 0, 1 - 0, = , mol = 2nc12