MEASUREMENT & INSTRUMENTATION PRINCIPLES

[...]... length bars 21.1.5 Height and depth measurement 21.2 Angle measurement 21.3 Flatness measurement 21.4 Volume measurement 21.5 Viscosity measurement 21.5.1 Capillary and tube viscometers 21.5.2 Falling body viscometer 21.5.3 Rotational viscometers 21.6 Moisture measurement 21.6.1 Industrial moisture measurement techniques 21.6.2 Laboratory techniques for moisture measurement 419 419 419 421 422 423... incorporating all of the latest developments in measurement is strongly needed With so much new material to include, the opportunity has been taken to substantially revise the order and content of material presented previously in Principles of Measurement and Instrumentation, and several new chapters have been written to cover the many new developments in measurement and instrumentation that have occurred over... publish the book under a new title rather than as a third edition of the previous book Hence, Measurement and Instrumentation Principles has been born The overall aim of the book is to present the topics of sensors and instrumentation, and their use within measurement systems, as an integrated and coherent subject Measurement systems, and the instruments and sensors used within them, are of immense importance... raw measurement data on which they depend Ideally, the principles of good measurement and instrumentation practice should be taught throughout the duration of engineering courses, starting at an elementary level and moving on to more advanced topics as the course progresses With this in mind, the material contained in this book is designed both to support introductory courses in measurement and instrumentation, ... Part 1 Principles of Measurement 1 Introduction to measurement Measurement techniques have been of immense importance ever since the start of human civilization, when measurements were first needed to regulate the transfer of goods in barter trade to ensure that exchanges were fair The industrial revolution during the nineteenth century brought about a rapid development of new instruments and measurement. .. their use within intelligent measurement devices The methods used to combine a number of intelligent devices into a large measurement network, and the current status of development of digital fieldbuses, are also explained Then, the final element in a measurement system, of displaying, recording and presenting measurement data, is covered To conclude Part 1, the issues of measurement system reliability,... TORQUE MEASUREMENT 18.1 Mass (weight) measurement 18.1.1 Electronic load cell (electronic balance) 18.1.2 Pneumatic/hydraulic load cells 18.1.3 Intelligent load cells 18.1.4 Mass-balance (weighing) instruments 18.1.5 Spring balance 18.2 Force measurement 18.2.1 Use of accelerometers 18.2.2 Vibrating wire sensor 18.3 Torque measurement 18.3.1 Reaction forces in shaft bearings 18.3.2 Prony brake 18.3.3 Measurement. .. mounting the signal Ł In some cases, the word ‘sensor’ is used generically to refer to both transducers and transmitters Measurement and Instrumentation Principles 9 Measured variable (measurand) Output measurement Variable conversion element Sensor Output display/ recording Use of measurement at remote point Signal presentation or recording Signal processing Signal transmission Fig 1.2 Elements of a... adjustment of the magnitude of the external energy input allows much greater control over Measurement and Instrumentation Principles 13 Pointer Scale Spring Piston Pivot Fluid Fig 2.1 Passive pressure gauge Pivot Float Output voltage Fig 2.2 Petrol-tank level indicator measurement resolution Whilst the scope for improving measurement resolution is much greater incidentally, it is not infinite because of limitations... techniques 21.6.2 Laboratory techniques for moisture measurement 419 419 419 421 422 423 425 426 428 428 429 430 431 431 432 432 434 Contents xv 21.6.3 Humidity measurement Sound measurement pH measurement 21.8.1 The glass electrode 21.8.2 Other methods of pH measurement 21.9 Gas sensing and analysis 21.9.1 Catalytic (calorimetric) sensors 21.9.2 Paper tape sensors 21.9.3 Liquid electrolyte electrochemical cells .