BGR Lesson Eighteen SAT OLUA Lesson Nineteen i +48 Lesson Twenty TE ST ‘Table of Syllables of C hinese WF EAR & _ Basic Strokes of Chinese C! haracters TRF EL MU Be Rules of the Stroke-order of Chinese Characters in] AIP Abbreviations of Parts of Speec! h CDF AF CD Contents i Learn to Speak Chinese 160 „ 161 162 170 iH AA Introduction
TTA) OIG) Fe AST RY TLE AAT I 1: kfftf4E ` Re DTA ATER > WR Pee + OT FALAENY WA © WB THRE ACE MAK © SHOR : Ì£@
FRR SC > #ÌH + 14M] 81 3IPNäS2} © PR SCH CG ORI
xl3ã/1hÈ - Ae YW SCY CY ia) SIV TL Se © GN IG Beth > AAAS > TERR SREY (eB at 9 1 !†IEl]ñ Mf7 4É9JñE 2 › 4†ìffi DU %9 1MNffR BH RL FEES > TONSA AS 4 th PSE AY WAGE + EES ITS oF | TEA Ets > PB > FRR +
“Learn to Speak Chinese" (Book 1) is a crash teaching course for beginners, with English translation The stress is laid on conversation and listening comprehension, and the most basic and frequently used
language was selected in the text It is suitable not only for classroom
instruction but also for self study This teaching material contains
twenty lessons, each of which consists of text, new words, notes and
drills Each text consists of a short paragraph and several dialogues on related topics The drills are povided for the learner to further Practice the main words and new language points This book is very Practical and lays emphasis on training learners’ communicative
ability in different situations and on different topics Explanations on
Trang 4relaxing and practical
Tao Lian, Xu Yuming, Peng Zeng'an and Liu Aiqun, Fudan University, This textbook is compiled by Prof Wang Guo'an (editor in chief), Shanghai, P.R China fe Learn to Speak Chinese MBBEAN A Brief Introduction to Chinese Phonetics PPV CEDAR Ee Hb PP SEB 107 8 - [R7 #1736 8l/£ 2 X( > RATT IX AOD EE IP AVA TETRA TAY eae > PARRY TB TAD ®ff2 BEE
The syllable takes the very important place in Chinese phonetics because it is a unit expressing different meanings In this part, we
mainly introduce the formation of Chinese syllables, the changes of
syllable in speech, and "pinyin" ——— a set of phonetic symbols de-
scribing the Chinese syllables
Trang 5RESP RAPS > HENRI BOAR A syllable in Chinese consists of an initial,
a final, and a tone
— + FE Initials
DRIP RE - RST SLAM > ( (AGRA Ae aR FRNA > BURLAP AR ©) RSE ADIN o EMT (HATE Wh pe By an initial, we mean the consonant with which a syllable be- TAR ) VAIS EM MSDE Z-E
gins There are altogether 21 initials in Chinese Their Pronunciation
(described in IPA) and "pinyin" symbols are listed below
FETS ERE) FESS EHR HESS Dhan | Hees BGS
Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA b [plị p [p], m Im] f [fl dott} | tte} | a [n] 1 ow [x] [ 3 [RỊ/ k [kl] j tel) a tee | x zh [8], ch [6], h [s} or Ta z— T8, © I9], s Eị + BAF Finals ĐTÌR#JHJ › äW RÈf† PTH BEG RIPE al ee Fe > tH ny PA SS oe FF wk PHT ATHENA SE MR SG Learn to Speak Chinese so : Z1Ì1892 3 ( Hi[HE HEMP Re By a final, we mean vowels which follow the initial They may be Tp AN ) LAER SAT AD DF asingle one, a compound one, or one with a nasal consonant at the end
There are altogether 39 finals in Chinese Their pronunciation
(described in IPA) and "pinyin" symbols are listed below
HEPES GHG | HSSS SHS) HSSS Sham | HeF
Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA Pinyin IPA er for]
el (| i [i] jou [u] i fy]
a [a] ia lia] ua [ual
° [ol uo [uo]
ẻ [2l
ề fe] | ic [ie] tic [ye] a [ail uai [vai] oe
el [ei] uei [uci] ao [au] iao [iau] ou [ou] 1ou [iou| an [an] | lan [ien} | uan [uan] tan [yen] en [on] in lin} | uen [uan} | tin [yn] ang [an] | iang [ian] | uang [uan]
eng [an | ing [in] | ueng [uan] ong [un] | iong [yn] |
Trang 6= + s4 iH Tones
PATH UA BEAL RE IG EP mA > BLE TREAT Ae
FE IDS ER P= A Ge ENYA A} >
Zlrl › 8# #SIH89 š 1V + LLY ATV SRE AS DN FL E ACPA © FAIR ARH TE) 9 EH)
By a tone, we mean the pitch variety It consists of relative pitch
difference and the pattern of pitch change Being a part of a syllable, different tone forms different syllable There are 4 kinds of tones and 5 patterns of tone change in Chinese The following figure illustrates the differences between them
tỳ (331 8 (35) AQ) Fi BC a1 %IM3i Lãi
Firsttone Second tone ThirdtoneA ThirdtoneB Fourth tone r5 r5 r5 rs +2 ⁄ 4 + 4 F3 Je 3 r2 2 F5 CF Lÿ LE TM] : OS SGT ERE NU 1)REtzt 6 HJ 84: B - ̃M⁄&Ù Note : If a third tone is followed by no other tone, it is pronunced as
pattern A; if a thrid tone precedes other tones except the third, it is pronounced as pattern B Details can be found in the part of Modification of Tones
DOLE DE LAR APS den 1B 9 UAE Sh CE HY
RFE ATU 70 FF Se BEAL TT
n "pinyin" system, tones are represented by the following marks
respectively The tone mark is placed over the vowel which is most distinctly pronounced
oti Leann to Speak Chinese
First tone 1.205 e1 7n Second tone á 6 é í ú ñ
Third tone 76: ase vie i
Fourth tone G06 Sita
DURST S ALM Spelling Rules in Pinyin
SIDER» SL TIDOABER BRS ð Từ - lê V ĐRHHIEMR89)E7 ES STE SA HE SPAS HIE Mb TE ĐI E87 MU By pinyin, we mean the spelling of a syllable using "pinyin" sym- Fy eT wT A oo
bols Besides paying attention to the uses of correct symbols
for initials, finals, tone marks, and the placement of tone marks over the most distinctly pronounced vowels, the following spelling rules
are also important
SEE RT TATRA T OREN > RG UNG
When not preceded by an initial, the final 1 and the finals
I i
beginning with 1 are written as:
yi ya* ye* yao* you* yan» yin* yang> ying > yong
2 ufT#J8fEflMi4í/1EERJ + eT RR
When not preceded by an initial, the final u and the finals begin-
ning with u are written as:
WU Wa’ Wo? wal’ Weil’ wan’ wen > wang> weng 3 PTR eH ETS A779 REI > EA
When not preceded by an initial,the final ti and the finals
beginning with ii are written as:
yu yue ` yuan> yun
Trang 74 TMS j qs x RNID Rus nl APB > 01 O
When preceded by initials j q and x, the final tủ and the finals beginning with ti are written as u ; but they remain as they are
when preceded by initials n and |
5 -1 [1]: #ÐÉES zh+ ch sh+ r f1 z+ C+ s JHĐẾBI › ÄBR/
Bi
When preceded by initials zh, ch, sh and r, the final -i fI
is written as i; When preceded by initials z, € and s, the final
-i [I is written as i too
6 JÊHou ` uei › uen đilơl4f! BI - hy Shiu > ui >
When preceded by an initial, finals iou, uei and uen are written
as iu, ui and un
Ser EF) fe
WESABE AE (+)
AGAVE SAUTE HURIG BY >
The syllable-deviding mark (') should be added at the beginning
of the syllable beginning with a, o and e when it's mixed up with the preceding one t+ JUG Retroflexed Finals TRL rữ8g hi |: ƒ "-r” RE : #JR)LftIR®ffE FTES Ik SE REA %:JM{# : (LU IN AT oo He ro TA APR HY BY BE A final to which a retroflexed final end -r has been attached is
said to become a retroflexed final This retroflexion often neutralizes
» Learn to Speak Chinese
the original final or causes its end to drop But its pinyin form remains intact with only the final end -r added
WF Example :
hua +-r ~“huar (222L)
wan + -r— wanr ( SOIL )
DUR OSU LIGASE (JL fb SR Le 8 id ) HARKS © Inevitable retroflexion (when retroflexed r is used to distinguish Asta A meaning) does not happen quite often in Chinese ZF + Bill Modification of Tones RARE ed =e A Pa eka OT eA 8 TT AE AS o Hirt he as ee ATS CAI TT Lb LAE ðt
By modification of tones, we mean the change of the pattern of
pitch It happens when one tone is influenced by the tone of the preceding syllable The main patterns of tone modification are listed
bellow:
1 RSPR sate) MB se URIBE 7 DR RE o
Ifa third tone syllable precedes another third tone syllable, the tone
Trang 8lf a third tone syllable precedes any other tone, it is pronounced
as a half-third tone — a low level tone without its final rise in pitch (pattern B of the third tone illustrated before) WF Example : ) ya dido ( #63) ya yin (324) yi yan ( i 9 Abt)” TH BES 2B ALAS (ba)
The tone of # ( bt: ) is pronounced as the second tone ( bu )
when it precedes another fourth tone syllable WF Example :
bu + shi— bi shi ( #2)
3 Cyt) See ENE SS re ea yt > Das WS (yi) 3 HM fete th a Aes + 48 ae wR SS OH
(yi)
The tone of —(yi ) is pronounced as the second tone ( yi)
when it precedes a fourth tone syllable, but it is pronounced as
the fourth tone ( yi ) when it precedes other tones We Lxample yi + zhang —* yi zhang aK) yit+mdan —yinian (—* ) yit qi —yigi (-
yi+ gong — yi gong
Derr : &)MiH® /UWEPRIN › 4l 4` BRA Usually the modification of tones is not marked over the syllable, SST «(ECR
but in some textbooks the changed tone of "—" and "4" are
wi Learn to Speak Chinese
marked
4; + 7% Neutralized Tone [66]
PRIME + MIL RAE Ls Yo BERETA SH ACh IA
at
Sometimes a syllable is pronounced short and weak This kind of tone is called neutralized tone and is written without a tone mark BI Example : mama ( #545) — xué sheng ( /X- 3442] Pronunciation Drills 1 ba bá ba ba pai pai păi pài di di di di tido tiáo to tiao ge gé ge ge kui kui kui kui hong héng hồng hòng jo ja jũ ja
quan quan quan quản
can cán can can
chan chan chan chan,
Zuo zũ z z
zhuo zhuo zhuo zhuo
sl si si si
shi shi shi shi
Trang 9xian xian xian lou lou lou meng mềng méng fen fen tên wu wt wit yu yu yu
yun yan yun
rang rang rang
nitt mù
ying ying ying
2 xingqi feiji katei
rénmin heping huida
shuigué kéyi youhao
sùshè jinbù shiyè
duõshäo — đitú mingtian
huốche xuéxido mianbao
gongzud —fangjian— tosh
shufu kuzi women
bùcuò yiban yiding
Trang 10IB: B: BH Lesson One Ni hao! How do you do? Ni hao! How do you do? I Li xidnsheng, nin hao! Bo +: # ie!
How do you do, Mr Li? Ni hao, Wang xidojié!
f kĩ + yy RA!
Miss Wang, how do you do!
Trang 11Wt B: Zaijian! A: Zhang xiansheng, Zhang taitai, nimen hao! mas kK Rs KR OK i Kế See VOM
Hello! Mr Zhang, Mrs Zhang — Az hill New Words <
B: Ni hao, Litt xiansheng! % dỶ Ñ) you | f4 > Ml ?® 7E! iy hao % good, fine, well
Hello, Mr Liu! 3# xiãnsheng & Mr
Nv ! nin 4] you (a polite address)
44H — xiăojš % Miss
A: Téngxuémen, nimen hao! KK aed 8 Mrs
le Al AL RE 4 men 2) a suffix
How are you, students? IZ= tóngxué % classmate
B&C: Chén läoshi hào! EN laoshi %\ teacher
PR net m4 ma 39 a particle
How are you, Mr Chen? + wo 4) I, me
y 4B hén S|) very, much
SAKE zenmeyang [1% how
A: Yang Ying, ni hao ma? th, yé ]] also,too
Ø > Hk BF "H? FRY zaijian goodbye
How are you, Yang Ying? + Li «= %) aChinese surname
B: W6hén hao Ni zénmeyang? = Wang * #) a Chinese surname
i iR Bo hk A Me 3K Zhang a Chinese surname
Fine, thanks, and you? XI Lia a Chinese surname
A: Wo yéhén hao Zaijian! : Chén a Chinese surname
eth Wo te FOUL! 1: Yang Ying $5] name of a person
Me, too See you = : =
Trang 12( BỊ Nores )
+E]#f£:W : IìRf@Œli
?⁄44fJ-£ñ9]WìR › HR —M1£# @fitllu l&ZKJš + 4 nial Ae ba OY Biel “AR
In a Chinese sentence, the subject is often placed in front of the LY A) 1ñ FEF inl oT PA PTA
predicate The adjective can directly serve as a predicate, but
generally it is preceded by an adverb denoting degree negation,
or by "48" which is only used as a grammatical sign = WF Example : DUE A RS ae 0 BE fh BY } ðŠ +MšzE HỊ§ữlkJì8 Ù8)M AR att (BEN) > ROTATE) RE EHIiR| “E3” + HšÉÙ] {Èïm| tUấE “EAR” Wl Te There are many ways of expressing a question A declarative
sentence can be changed into an interrogative sentence by say-
ing in an interrogative mood or by adding the modal particle
"12" at the end of it What's more, a question can also be made
by using the interrogative pronoun, such as "A #*", asking for
the situation
@ WF Example :
fq) “te Re FL TPR ARO i816 ATT AR ›
The adverb "t2" is often used before the predicate It indicates a feature or situation is the same as that mentioned before, or the
4 Learn to Speak Chinese
two share the similarity we WF Example: ie “1 -Wlf:#Z XI9(È1H + 4 Hk The suffix "4Ï]" is placed after noun or pronoun which refers to person, and forms a collective address @ WS Example: 441° (R01: ep i “PROG” RETRIB TUR Hi fie TAA > (Arta RE”
"REF!" is the most common expression of greeting in Chinese When two people meet one can say "R#ƒ!" as a greeting, the other party can also say "(R2#!" to return the
greeting
“ABUL? FD FA alli > AU SP
Trang 136 3K⁄|4H : f£#ƒ ! TRAIT > ARE | 3 fIl7 ! TAA ey! FE/EATT > UAT VF ! FAFA | > ATT RY - > 4£ : Z2E1Lk ? ®#76% : 62 ? 1ã ^#E › 1E ? EAL MEM, > ICT VE ARE ? 5 1fRlf MU FEE ARAL XI & KI › AAAI AF © RIE IMA : 6 FRA RUSE HARA = XI&tJMMữ Ra stl LA © Ro) ZN AIL Learn to Speak Chinese ee = 2 op Re Lesson Two isa) I A: Mama, nin hao! Nin shenti hao ma? MH te! A IK E> Hi! mum, how are you? B: W6 shenti hén hao Ni zénmeyang? KR SK ik Wo th BA th?
lam fine, thanks What about you ?
A: W6 hén hao Baba shenti hao ma?
Hi We EE Ae Wy t2
lam fine, too How is dad?
‘Ta shénti yé hén hao Women dou hén hao fh Sk tL 7 lý: TR 1l BK WR Wee
He is very well, we are all fine
Trang 14ở B: A: A: B: I Wang xidojié, ni gongzuo mang ma? LÔ Me we fe ee
Are you busy with your work, Miss Wang?
W6 gongzud hén mang Ni gongzu6 mang ma? & 1 tf ik TỪ: f T fe th 82 Yes, very busy Are you busy? W6 gongzuo bu mang e oT f +4 tr: No, | am not Tit Bejing zénmeyang? dt 8 Á RM? How do you feel about Beijing? Béijing hén pidoliang Ik #8 3 3
Beijing is very beautiful
Ni xihuan Béijing ma? fs Bm dk am Me
Do you like Beijing?
W6 feichang xihuan Béying Hk lý # mK dk Sure, | like Beijing very much Learn to Speak Chirese Iv Yang xiansheng zénmeyang? wm ®5 tA Be How is Mr Yang? Yang xiansheng feichanghao Wo hénxihuan ta th Fe th eo FR TR BE th
He is pretty nice, | really like him
Ni xihuan Li xidojié ma? UR RK ® 2h 4H H2
Do you like Miss Li2
Wð bù xihuan Lĩ xiăojiš, ta bù piàoliàng HRB RM Z 2h HH: A BS #
Well, | am afraid not She is not pretty at all
CC [8] 2 jj New Words
14%) mama (% mum, mother V8 shenti 2) health, body
2 baba 8 dad, father
fie ta 4 he, him
iif dou al) all
TÍE gongzus & 4) — work
tt mang 12 busy
AN bù a not, no
ERR piàohàng (2) beautiful
XK x<ihuan a like, be fond of
Trang 15| thi feichang (cối very much a a + she, her dist Beijing Beijing yi & one — èr a two san #) three ry si 3k four i wit #t five Ped ia ìš ei tE la ° 1
In Chinese the object is usually placed after the predicate, and the adjectival predicate usually does not take an object
ty hk ak Bol
@ WF kxample *
Pill Kiem
In Chinese, a noun may appear after the subject, indicating the
aspect of the subject the sentence refers to
@ WF Example: BRAY ARE
AA
@.* KART 2 EB GAAS IT IAT
The adverb "48" is used before the predicate, showing the
10 Learn to Speak Chinese
negative meaning
ΠWF Example
RAO HE PR ail + 1ãT¡1&2}— §# th # Hl f:38 ì#9ffitúị
Generally, other adverbial elements such as description or re-
striction should be put before the predicate as well “A? AN SR SLAB > TEP Lope git te SHb” › #E28192PEsk3kff 9 EAL "4h" and "kth" are not the same only in writing "St8" refers to "tb
female, "fk" however, refers to male, but in case of referring to
Trang 163 HAR Hise Fk AF ie 4È AE EAT SAR ar FRE EAR TE 4 1E elt © 4 bi 4h AMAL FRAN xi LEW EB AS BY BETA 5 Miler ? FEAL RK © Aba] HAR REAL ARIE IER AA MEN? Fk AR) A #8 #fXx⁄/⁄]»ÄII Fe AE FH AMAL FRA ERA AL : 12 Learn to Speak Chinese 3 BAR Lesson Three HX | Text ) BE) I Nimen hao! W6 jiado Mali, wo shi Méigué rén, wo xuéxi WKH Wt RM MW Re HO AK 21 Hànyă Zhè shì wö đe ldo shi, ta xing Zhao, tajiao Wie Rk eR 2 > Ah ee AX > fi my Zhao Ming, ta jiao women Hanyu AH fh BR OM
Trang 1774 B: Bg B: Hello! My name is John, from America Are you from Japan? Bu, wo bu shi Ribén rén W6 shi Zhongguo ren RHE RRA Ae KR HB YH HA
No, | am not from Japan | am Chinese Ni jido shénme ming zie
wm ft A & FP?
May | have your name?
Wo xing Yang, w6 jido Yang Ying il - 1® M lam Yang, please call me Yang Ying Shanbén, ni hao! h 4: # Hello, Yamamoto! Ni hao, Yang Ying! Ta shi shui? fs #ƒ: hy et fh OEP
Hello, Yang Ying Who is he?
Pa shiwd de péngyou (duc) Zhao Ming, zhé shi fh HW A Be iic) RK We Uk f Shanbén Xiongy1, Wo de Ribén péngyou dai B oa RA LE ASA X4 cúp Zheshi Zhao Ming, ta shi w6 de hao péngyou Ke Re Mm he hy eo Rw Learn to Speak Chinese B:
He is my friend (toC) Zhao Ming, this is Yamamoto
Yuiichi, my friend from Japan (toB) And this is Zhao Ming, he is also my good friend
Rénshi ni w6 hén gaoxing
WU ts te i ñ 3%
Nice to meet you
Rénshi ni wo yé hen gaoxing VOW me FR th A OX Nice to meet you, too IV Na shi shui? ABE ME?
Who is that person?
Ta shi women laoshi
fh ze FR] Be
He is our teacher
Ta jido shénme?
4b m fF 2?
What's his name?
Ta jiao Zhou Ping fh m jy] OF
He is Zhou Ping
Ta jiao nimen shénme? fh BoM th Ae
What does he teach?
Trang 18B: Tajido women Hanyu qe A # fl i lit He is our Chinese teacher Ap xi << HA pe nào shi rên xuexi Hanya zhe de xing jiao shenme mingzi shui péngyou rénshi gaoxing na Méigué Zhao Ming Ribén Zhongguo 16 Learn to Speak Chinese —— [ai Az is call be (am, is, are) person, people study, learn Chinese language this a particle be surnamed teach what name who friend know glad, joyful that the United States name of a person Japan China New Words - Shanbén | |
Xióngyi # %1 Yamamoto Yuiichi
aly Zhou Ping (%%]| name ofa person g Ww lu Hk six 1a q a seven A ba Hk eight at jiu a nine | fe shi ten | 4 #6zJJ ìRj HỊ Ny PN PE i BN AM Be iB 22 1) BLE 3 MSS AT ATTA
In Chinese some verbs can take two objects, usually the object referring to a person is put in front of the one referring to a thing © WF Example : EH HA LE AMS + Et#l d2 Ate & iV aT aA IN AL whi “Ay” cP EfIzM kiế : 4 inl ae i be TAT AS FA 1" + #ï{WJE@ÌH/ZEÌ4ls “ADT mae “ay” & SoU 7E Ì
Thị © restrictive or descriptive element of a noun is usually placed in fr Ont of the noun Sometimes there is the structural particle
"age
in between Generally speaking, "8" is not used after the
noui n attribute, or the attribute of one syllable adjective: but
Trang 19there must be the particle "#9" after the attributive which empha-
sizes the belongings
= WF Example: R2PHA © RATE & 49 1Ñ & ° cÍ #4 & wea #\,
GQ) The interrogative pronoun "i" is used for asking about STM | ee Tear
Trang 20CUA TRA HRW Az 8 PRAY A | 4 (hE A > Ss PO DR pene Lesson Four I
Women Hanyit ér ban you shiwit gé xuésheng, shisan gé
3 fl 4 i— Đ 4 ETr 4 2 7E: I dù
shi Yingguoxuésheng, Méigué xuésheng hén shao, zhi =z ke E> # 4 fh ths OM f youliang gé; Women ban méi you Ribéen xuésheng AW 4: #1 BE # TT AA 4 Women ban zhi you yi wei Hanyt jidoshi, ta hén RH BER A — MIR HK US fh WH bùcuò, wðmendöu feichang xihuan ta AR MB Ew # th
There are fifteen students in our class — Chinese Class Two
Thirteen of them are from Britain, and only two from America
There is no Japanese student in our class We have only one Chinese teacher He is a nice teacher We all like him very much
Trang 21Bì B: A: Nimen ban you ji ge xuésheng? 4l sb Ot +? How many students are there in your class? JL Women ban you shi’ér gé xuésheng # 1l ME F †— 2? There are twelve Nimen ban you Hanguo xuésheng ma? wo] BEA U IH #4 M2 Are there any students from Korea ? Women ban méi you Hanguoxuésheng Women A: fe 1l BE wR A HO OY Ki ban dou shi Ribén xuésheng HE #6 AA + No, we are all from Japan in my class 1H Ni you wdigué péngyou ma? we A oh El A Have you got any foreign friends? JU 2 1 Wo méi yOu waiguoé péngyou Ke w% 1í Sb A H *%
| have not any
W6 you hén duo waiguo péengyou, hai you bushao kA HS #H WH RRA KY 22 Learn to Speak Chinese B: Zhongguo pengyou Ni péngyou duo ma? FR OW &› 14“ HH % # 8)?
| have a lot of foreign friends and also Chinese friends
What about you, do you have many friends?
W6 péngyou bu duo, wo zhi you ni yi ge hao K WR A Be RAD péngyou AA &: No, not many | only have one good friend, it's you ft — ^ !í IV Ni you Hanyti cidian ma? ts Ak i ind th
Do you have Chinese dictionary?
Wo you Hanyu cidian
Heo Ok ial
Yes, | have a Chinese dictionary
Ni yu ji bén Hanyti cidian?
Ws FOIL AS IX VR in) oh?
How many copies do you have?
Wo zhi yu yibén Hanytt cidian Ni you Hanyu
HN AT AR ial dk MR AO lã
cidian ma?
inj ah tứ} 2
l have only one What about you, do you have any?
Trang 22A: Wo méi you Hanyti cididin W6 you yi bén Han
4È 1) ik id the RH 8 —®£ RK Ying cidian, hai youyi bén Ying-Han cidian
we jl Bh ie A A OR RM id
No, I don't have Chinese dictionary But | have one Chi- nese-English dictionary and one English-Chinese dic-
tionary
UE ban & class
3 you a have, has
as ge = a measure word
xuésheng & student, pupil
shao 1ý little, few
A zhi 3] only
iy hang # two
| % méi zy (have /has) not
từ wei š a measure word | ZU jidoshi % teacher
AEE bùcuỏ not bad, pretty good
JL ji + how many, how mụch
SbF] wàiguô #›_ foreign, abroad
# duo 4%) many, much
hai a also
| cidian % dictionary
24 Learn to Speak Chinese
Ss Az ii] New Words , bến š a measure word Han-Ying (0% Chinese-English Ying-Han 1 English-Chinese Yingguô #6) Britain Hánguó 4%) Korea shíy! eleven shi'er # twelve shisan BK thirteen shisi # fourteen shiwit K fifteen |
Bid “AT” BBA PR” OR GE > AEF AS
The negative form of the verb "4" is made by using instead of "7" S WF Example: Kit AR ATS BE TL ETE CAS Sidi in 8 aa Ae BOR HA AN AY Bil » All tS R Measure words, as a part of speech, are peculiar to Chinese T
here must be a measure word after a numeral in denoting
quantity The measure word varies with the noun that is used
after it
Trang 23
@) Rial “7 A Ý BAG AE & 2š A Ú9 # ìñl đU tí › Ít
“fe” ARE BIC
“432” are used before the noun referring to per-
Both ““S" and
sons, but “fiZ” has an inner meaning of respect M” de rast BATT POT HY AN ETT PT Ab
É i” means there is still some additional remarks or sup-
plement to the contents mentioned before @ WF Example: #4 #7 (5) “Mi RAS ` J2#in| › ADK RRA > PLA Ay É zi 1£ BEB FP SRE Min) - de BL TIM” 4ẾE
"Ø8" indicates an amount, while "—" is used as a numeral, which is often used with other numerals to form an amount "=" can
also be used to express the ordinal number, while "7" cannot 2 7 Drills 1 4ì AR AT A ASW FRA | ATR FRAT BEAT Ee {eA BEULAT AAR AN jis, 2 ‡k34 4ï #04 HL 44 H #IH'% 26 Learn to Speak Chinese DANTE AD BE FRA DER ATH FEW A LE PRAT LAS GEIR im 2
OAR SLA ASH Ac?
PAT IAT ILRI BE ?
Trang 24#⁄#fI#IUl% : 2# %IIHI% FRAT IME in] BL › (HAAG > ia AXHH BERK TPE + 3 FEAR A Fe ATA THE © 3k ức 4Ì W FRE VAAVY MEERA
2 Learn to Speak Chinese 2B 1:8 Lesson Five I Tiú xiansheng jia you si gé rén: ta hé ta diren, liang gé MH A # AT US A: fh A AS
haizi Lit xidnsheng shi gongs jingli, ta diren shi
BFo XN GH 7E HB BAM HEA BR
zhongxué laoshi Tamen de liang gé haizi, yi gé shang OS 2 Vio fh il 49 WW SRE 4 I daxué, yi gé shang zhongxué Lit xiansheng feicháng Kees HS 1h M#% + ‡# # xthuan ta de haizi, về hén di ta de ia BoM th Bee thíR 2 {Ù 9 %
Mr Liu has a four-people family, two kids and his wife Mr Liu is
amanager ina company His wife works in a middle school as a
teacher One of his children goes to college, while the other is in
the middie School Mr Liu is very fond of his children, and loves
his whole family
Trang 25đã: B: Yang xidinsheng, zhé shinin nữệt đc zhqopidn ma? m ce 1+1: ke BM SULA M Ur G Mr Yang, is this your daughter on the photograph? Shi de i Ay Yes Pa hén pidoliang Ta jiao shenme mingzi? hh fi ÈÃ 2 #b HỆ fh OA
She is really pretty What's her name?
Ta jido Yang Ying
dụ, TH if 4z
Yang Ying is her name
Yang xiansheng, nin zhi you yi ge haizi ma?
wy, 2 1
Kỷ = k H8 4:8
You have only one child, don't you, Mr Yang?
Bu, w6 you liang ge haizi, hai you yi gé érzi AR AK Ti PILE No, | have two, the other is a son tr WW DS TH Wang xiansheng, nin zai nar gongzud? + , fe te MUL f£?
Mr Wang, where do you work?
30 Learn to Speak Chinese
B: W6 zai gongchang gongzud
+4 # T J TL ff
| work in a factory
A: Nin taitai zai nar gongzud? KK fe MIL Tf?
Where does your wife work?
B: Ta zai xidoxué gongzud, ta shi xidoxué jidoshi
ae fe 5 TL fE›
She works in a primary school She is a teacher there ah Ay 4 II A: Nin haizi zai xuéxiao xuéxi ma? BUS É tš Is your kid still at school? Dui, ta zai xidoxué xuéxi AL fh te 2h Yes he is He studies in a primary school now IV A: Fiidan Daxué you dudshao xuésheng? QA K How many students are there at Fudan University? Fudan Daxué you yiwan duo gé Zhongguo 8H k*# fí—7 # 24 tt B xuésheng , hai you sibai dudge waigué liaxuésheng Fe 1⁄“ # Sh Oh Be + We have more than ten thousand Chinese students
and also around four hundred from abroad at Fudan
Learn to Speak Chinese 3
Trang 26A: Fadan Daxué you dudshao jidoshi?
4 H kK
6
How many teachers are there at Fudan University?
B: Fùdàn Dàxué yöu langqian duo wei jidoshi % 1L jia Al he ZK airen haizi 4ñ] gongsi “63 jingli zhongxué shang daxué #4 à AIL nii'ér HEE zhaopian 9 đe |) JL ei TF zai || MEJL nặr 32 Learn to Speak Chinese A More than two thousand L# T # Từ # lu AE hil New Words family; home and husband or wife child, children company manager middle school, high schoo! be engaged ( in study work etc ) college, university love, like daughter photograph, picture a particle son in, at; be at, be in where
gongchang & factory |
xidoxueé % primary school | xuéxido & school |
xt dui 1 right, correct
4? duoshao 4 how many, how mụch |
a wan &) tenthousand lÌ
ia) bai ak hundred |
ae liaxuésheng 5 overseas student | BỊ) qian 3 thousand | | 12 yi & hundred million | = ling zero \ BAK PidanDaxué (4 Fudan University lJ Bi Mi tes TL" Ail “eb” ABFA Ae iain {A UL" SHAT iy faye ARBOR “Sb” STAI DL RELOAD BOR” deinlint : tìm 2£ HY Se >> ge 2H Etìn] › 32} JL” H"JĐ1ilJi]/# X4: *# DAG
Both th "JL" and "42>" are used to ask for quantity, but "JL" is "J," " " rn
us Sually used to ask a comparatively small number, while "4b" is usi ed to ask fora comparativelly big number A measure word
'S required after "JU"
addition, JU" can be used to ask for the ordinal number, while , while it is not necessary after "27>" _ In
Trang 27"#2" cannot & ï⁄4]ãñ£%šX + 1k [1l JE A) BE AS POAT s Reon AB > VIS PS AED > (UB (ARM OTs MS TU 7E 2E be dn L #4 In Chinese, the decimal system is used for numeration ">"
"Eí" "5£" form a decimal numeral structure To form bigger numbers, this numeral structure has to be repeated, with its end
being added by "77" (To form even bigger numbers, just
repeat this numeral structure again, with its end being added by a A) = WF Example : 1.23438 (6 ¢ 2a PH Va) BAW TAL (FEU TAL 77 A dN) Te WEI LPS 4t : ấ8/1š AP NEO) > AE Es RE TERRE AY fe TT SLI 78 07 ASE
If there is a "zero" at the beginning (with another numeral before
it) or in the middle of a numeral structure, "" is read, but" 1"
"A" "-F" are not read If there are two or more "zeroes" in
succession, only one "2" is read The "zero" which appears at the end of a numeral structure "2" is not read
34 Learn to Speak Chinese w@ BS Example 2,0013#4Ƒ : — 320,201 4 4 TP “Y 32,001.000 ‡§£ƒf‡ : Z-†' =7 zZ—-+ id “AI” HITE AR eS AT EIT GI” RAVER › The particle "f)" denotes the positive mood, it is used at the end TIM” Aes Ea of a sentence "=f" means right or correct, "2784" indicates agreement BS” ARMM - #J “JL” Rj: SH iim > AL So + + 77+ 1⁄Ẻ aire #% H#: ñEìn|tfT ti < LAT mI Ps Fs Pn "ma Pte "7 - {⁄` #98iñi
"#" means "more than", it can be used to indicate an approxi-
mate number If the number is from "—" to "Si" ,"B" is placed after the measure word; if the number ends with spe “E" or "A" ZB" ig put before the measure word;
"3" is Put before "7" "4Z" if there is "+" "A" "F" before them
© WSs Example :
HA ER SF > 1 have more than Syuan
of 2+ /@ $e: Thave more than 50 50,000 yuan
RAB SHR #& 2 [have more than 500,000vuan
MR Ae “HY 8" PLA HE Bima yp? UZ
Hh ( PRES AAS) : thom
Trang 28“+” mm PBB PBI AIR) > ROE R 4 If the number is "+", "%" can be placed after the measure
word or "7" "{Z" Itmeans "more than" ( 3#; 7/12
Trang 29TNR Lesson Six Wð jiã zài Shanghai ‘Taoyuan Xinciin wiishisan hao Ree F fw WM W HFA At 5 si-ling-san shi Wéjia bu da, zhi you liang ge fangjian, 403 eo RERK- A ®# ẲM 2 Bw Ml W6 hé w6 diren, hdaiyou haizi sangé rén zhu Women ‡t TH # ÁN: #ñdUồ 1Ý =2 ^A ##: RK fi buanyíng nš lái wö jiä zuòkè he RR EE I live in Shanghai My home is in Room 403 at No 53 Taoyuan X⁄
Xincun My home is not very large We only have two rooms We three people, my wife and my child, live together Welcome to our home and pay a visit
38 Learn to Speak Chinese
Up
How many people are there in your family?
W6jid you si ge rén, baba, mama, ndinai, haiyéu
RA AWS A> HE Uh Wyk A wo There are four, father, mother, grandmother and me Ni jid zai nar? UR FR FE WlJL ? Where is your home? W6 jid zai Béijing Lu érshilit hao HA fe dt RF MITA 5 My home is at No 26 in Beijing Road Ni jia you ji gé fangjian? ORR AILS bị?
How many rooms do you have?
W6 jia you sản gè fángjiãn Wö y¡ gè rên zhù yi ‡® 4 #8 = 2Ø lilo K fangjian Bz il
We have three rooms | live in one room by myself
Trang 30B: TH Nĩ zhù nar? fk TE MlJL ? Where do you live? W6 zht Héping Fandian EMF th OF | live in Peace Hotel Ni zht ji hao fangjian? Úc EJIL SO Tal? Which room? W6 zhi yao-yao-er-si fangjian He fF 1124 i Wal I live in Room 1124 W6 qù kan ni, hao ma? #L # UR KÝ 8? May | go to see you? Huanying! Huanying! me ME! x MU! Sure, welcome! IV Ni zhi nar? i ft: MUL?
Where do you live?
#0 Learn to Speak Chinese B: Wo zhii xuésheng siishé KR fe | live in the students’ dorm ke Ni zhu ji hao fangjian? Me fe ILS % th? Which room? W6 zhu san hao l6u si-ling-qi shi KH fF 3 ‘+ BE 407 | live in Room 407 in Building 3 Nimen lidng gé rén zhi yi gé fangjian, dui ma? f1 Mm SA #Œ SR ls xt
You two people share one room, right?
Dui, w6 hé Mali liang gè rên zhù
Wo RM a WS A fk
Yes, that's right Mary shares the room with me
—= ZE if’ New Words \
xIncun %) estate, new residential quarter
hao =] ameasure word
Trang 31% lai 4) come Vee zuòkè (a be a guest (of a family) 111 năingi 5 grandmother lí: la % road, street 0 fandian %] restaurant; hotel # qù a go # kan (# visit; look | | % sùshè # dormitory | RE lou floor; storied building EH Shanghai Shanghai pkLUdsAT Táoyuán Xincun #* %) Taoyuan Xincun | APPIN Héping | Fandian (##) Peace Hotel | SNM Mali ( | Mary Me 1 \ IRE OK A TE AT
Asa inl > VARA OR” 2" BL BY
In the sentence with verbal predicate "3" or "A", another
verb can be placed after them to denote the purpose of "3k" or "3#" «@Ằ %JZ' Example : #01 ( #g ) ZRE (RK) & (ME eA) AA 42° Learn to Speak Chinese fal FS > TESA > DG AD Hae "HR “yGo” + PIE
When reading numbers with many digits, just like room nubmer or telephone number, we just read out the number one by one In this occasion, "—" is habitually read as "yao" so that there will
Trang 32FRE AC MT = FREAK FE FESR FRE 122 LF Tal Se Tee A Feb TH LH FRK NE ADE & FR | Tee AA Ac UK AR VE FE FAT RLLAE ° BR-P MES FRAT AEDS %IHl fifi |= AE AS Te 44 Learn to Speak Chinese CR Jintian w6 qu Chén xidnsheng jia zudké Chén xiansheng 12 th a A + hé ta taitaiddu huanying w6 qu tamen jia zudké, tamen ATR A AK A Me {CC 2% fb †l fe A th A hen keqi, hai ging w6 chi fan Wo yé song tamen yididnr M25 UR ÌW Ít ne the Wh KH th TH] — NU) liwa Jintian wofeic hang gaoxing 12 2x RE w RN
'Visited Mr Chen's home today | was warmly welcomed by
Mr Chen and his wife They were really modest and invited
Me to dinner | presented a small gift to them | was very
happy today
Trang 33Il A: Chén xiansheng , nin hăo! a a a kế! Hello, Mr Chen! B: Nin hao, Yuéhan! Qing jin! Qing zud! Zhe shi i He! Rw wo diren BA péngyou KAY 3# `
Hello, John! Please come in , and take a seat! This is my wife , (to C) this is John, my friend from Britain
A: Nin hao, Chén caitai! { uy Mh RK
How do you do, Mrs Chen!
Nin hao! Huanying nin lai wé jia zuoke
be x MU RRR he
How do you do! Welcome to our home
A: Lai nin jia zudké w6 hén gaoxing
KR Ke RR BX
lam very happy to have come to your home
B: Yuéhan, nin qing hé cha
John, please have some tea
#6 Learn to Speak Chinese
B:
IH
Nin xihuan women jia de cai ma?
Bmw Ril AW ee we Do you like our dishes?
Wèidào zhen bticuo! US H 2# f1! Yes, very delicious! Nin zai chi yidianr & FROM — UL ° Then have some more please : Tai dud le Ker
Thanks, but that's too much for me
Trang 34A: Jintidn tai ma@fan nimen le
SR RK # tị E
Sorry to have put you to so much trouble (I really ap- preciate our time together )
C: Huanying nin zai lái zuòkè
I'm glad you have come to my home again A: Zaijian! WL! See you! B&C: Zaijian! FE OL! See you! jintian keqi ging chỉ fan song JL yidianr liwù jin #8 Learn to Speak Chinese % % + Do drop by — [Sel Az ii] New Words » today polite, courteous please; entertain eat meal; rice give; send a little; a bit gift, present enter zuo z sit he ) drink |
cha & tea |
cai 5 dish; vegetable
weidao & taste
zhén FT really; truly |
zai Hl again
tài le How ;too
bié ail don't |
méfan *4 > 9%) trouble; inconvenient Yuehan John ⁄ JÑ” 'JMLfEWi(7JÚ91fid Ae LAE SS SG > a Fete “짔 89iiim "IB" is often used before an imperative sentence showing Politeness If there is a subject, it's usually put in front of WS Example : UL za bak > FACES ial min : 42 tad]
UL" indicates a small amount, a little, it's used before a Noun, without a measure word :
Learn to Speak Chinese #9
Trang 35WIZE) PP ASE Eile ia > they LA aE $
ERAT islM › ¡l8
jam TERE : H1: 1:3ñWfTñ 4 381!
Noun denoting time can be used before the subject of a sen- Ì4# !
tence when the subject is stressed in expression It can also be TB !
used after the subject if the time is stressed PRN 3%
ar BF Example? RSRAA cf 4 Ä 1á: IW3klt E2 !
& al” SAN AK ir MW 2 XE —1JLUXLJ
Trang 36BIE DIG › ti bại RIL > (24 2X 1® rr Lesson Eight SR UGA > BEAR 1 Mãh hé Yuehàn lăng gè rén y1qï qù shangdiần mi TÍN 29 EA 2 ÁA dc BH 0 shuigué Mali xihuan pinggué hé xiangjiao, ta mai AR HB Kk F RM HF Mos Pinggud, hai mai xiangjiao; Yuéhanbu xihuan RUE 3% GF Ms MRE Xiangjido, ta zhi mai pinggud, bi mai xiGngjiao Hh LO OR OH
Mary and John went to the shop to buy some fruit Mary preferred apples and bananas, so she bought some apples and some bananas John, however, was not very fond of bananas, so it's
Spples but not bananas that he bought
Trang 37B: B: B Téngzhi, you Shanghai dita ma? ll > A | # HbfẩẬ H3 ?
Excuse me, do you have a map of Shanghai 2
Yöu Zhè shi zui xin de Shanghai ditt, ni maj
47 3š & tí ðlỤ9 L ý HH: Ít 3%
ji zhang?
JL %?
Yes This one is the latest edition How many do you want, by the way?
W6 zhi yao yi zhang Yu Béijing dita ma? #® J B ik 4 4 A ? Only one Do you have a map of Beijing? Zhen duibtgi, women méi you Beijing ditt Kl we 6 Sh | am so sorry, we don't have yet ft AL ASL > Tit Nin mai shénme? ft May | help you? ft W6 mai míngxìnpiàn 1.9% HH đề Ji
Yes, | would like to buy some postcards
54 Learn to Speak Chinese Mai ji zhan: KIL ke How many would you want to buy? Liang zhang vA ak Two Nin hai yao shénme? i # ft 4? Do you want anything more? Zai mai shi zhang youpido AOR fF ok HỆ Yes, ten stamps IV Nin yao shénme? ft # ft 4?
Can | help you?
Yi ping nitindi, yi gé midnbao
— Hi TM - Ph lH a
A bottle of milk and one bread, please
Bu yao jidan ma? AS BE wy Ty
You don't want eggs?
Trang 38B: Bu yao x #
No, thank you
— #E ji] New Words yiqi š| together | shangdian % shop, store | mũi s buy | shuiguo (4) fruit YR pinggud % apple Í #4 xiangjiao # banana | tongzhi $ comrade đitú % map zuì most | at xin # new 3K zhang # a measure word * yào a want |
NA duibdqi 3 I'm sorry;
| | beg your pardon
UfSH mingxinpian (4 postcard | | th S32 youpido $ stamp ih ping 4) bottle #1 múnăi % milk (si = mianbao % bread || #3 jidan %4 egg 56 Learn to Speak Chinese 6 ent: 3% »#" may mean " 5JZ- Example : BEANIE lair te eh “Ú9”
If the attribute is made of adjectives with more than one sylla-
bles, or adjectives with modifiers, the particle “BY” is necessar- ily put after the attributive phrase = BS Example : BAK aA”
"W752" is the most common expression of offering an apology
Trang 40SB ILE Lesson Nine RX I Qingdao Pijit Liang yudn wii jido gian yi ping , KékouKelé wma M 7U TỔ RR yi yuánba jiăo wũ fền y1 píng “hào Míng mi hăng píng — ct Ah De he KR MN Kw iit Qingdao Pijit , si ping Kékou Kéle, yigong shi'er yuan f Ø MỸ: DH W§ HỊ H HJR: HK FS sijidoqgian Zhao Ming géi xidojié shiwityuan qian, xidojié wm fee 44 ĐỊ Oh M+ Te Re 7 HH zhaota hang yuan lit jidao 4 fh Wb ON Ae
It costs two yuan and five jiao to buy a bottle of Tsingtao Beer, onê yuan eight jiao and five fen for a bottle of Coca Cola Zhao Ming has bought two bottles of Tsingtao Beer and four bottles of Co£#
Cola That's twelve yuan and four jiao in all Zhao Ming gave the salesgirl fifteen yuan, and the salesgirl gave back to him two yua"
and six jiao for change
60 Learn to Speak Chinese ~ Yikudi ér Yao jit I Téngzhi yi bei qishui duoshao qian? Fl : RM Kk Bb #8? _ Excuse me, how much is a glass of aerated water? — ĐO —<98 JLWE?
One yuan and two jiao How many glasses do you want?
Yi bei Géi ni qian (B gé A qishui) Xiéxie!
— te A &® He (BRAK OK) iit Bt!
One, please Here is the money (B gave A the aerated
water ) Thank you Bu kéqi ARR You are welcome IH Mai liang gé midnbao X jẲ 2 fh fe
Two pieces of bread, please
Zhé zhéng mianbao yi kudi ba yi gé Hai yao
3k fh mi BR K-Bo kB
shénme?
a A?
This kind of bread is one yuan and eight jiao for one
Piece, and what else do you want?