petroleum engineer’s guide to oil field chemicals and fluids

“Fink: 29-ind-739-786-9780123838445” — 2011/5/10 — 18:54 — page 786 — #48 “Fink: 01-fm-i-iv-9780123838445” — 2011/5/10 — 19:13 — page i — #1 Petroleum Engineer’s Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids [...]... configuration) Petroleum Engineer’s Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-383844-5.00001-5 © 2012 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved 1 2 CHAPTER | 1 Drilling Muds Wetting ability is at least in part a function of the surface tension of the fluid The fluid should also have a high degree of lubricity and to minimize friction between the drill string and the wall of the borehole to minimize... and ¨ Mr C Slamenik for support in literature acquisition Thanks are given to Professor I Lakatos, University of Miskolc, who directed my interest to this topic, and to my wife Margit who encouraged me to finalize the material when I felt exhausted Last but not least, I want to thank the publisher for kind support, in particular Ken McCombs and Jill Leonard J.K.F Chapter 1 Drilling Muds According to. ..x 7 Contents Scale Inhibitors Classification and Mechanism Thermodynamic Inhibitors Kinetic Inhibitors Adherence Inhibitors Mathematical Models Optimal Dose Precipitation Squeeze Method Inhibitor Chemicals Water-soluble Inhibitors Oil- soluble Scale Inhibitors Inhibitors for Special Tasks Characterization Spectroscopic Methods Turbidimetry Static... 767 Preface This manuscript is an extension and update of Oil Field Chemicals, which appeared in 2003 The text focuses mainly on the organic chemistry of oil field chemicals As indicated by the title, engineers with less background in organic chemistry are likely to use this text, so various sketches of the chemicals and additional explanations and comments are included in the text with which an educated... organic polymer or bentonite This type of mud is not recirculated and is often used for reduced-pressure drilling to improve the hole stability in caving formations However, this type of mud has some limitations, since the drilling water produces wet formations, and it has a limited salt tolerance Drill-in Fluids After drilling a well to the total depth, it is a normal practice to replace the drilling... the American Petroleum Institute (API), a drilling fluid is defined as a circulating fluid, used in rotary drilling to perform any or all of the various functions required in drilling operations Drilling fluids are mixtures of natural and synthetic chemical compounds used to cool and lubricate the drill bit, clean the hole bottom, carry cuttings to the surface, control formation pressures, and improve the... typical job It starts with drilling fluids and related classes of compounds, such as fluid loss, bit lubricants, etc Then it crosses over to the next major topics: cementing, fracturing, enhanced recovery, and it ends with pipelines and spill Some of the chemicals are used in more than one main field; for example, surfactants are used in nearly all applications To these chemicals the last three chapters are... sections are referred to as dispersed noninhibited systems They are formulated from fresh water and may contain bentonite The classification of bentonite-based muds is shown in Table 1.2 The flow properties are controlled by a flocculant or thinner, and the fluid loss is controlled with bentonite and CMC Phosphate-treated Muds Phosphates are only effective in small concentrations, and the mud temperature... Glycols Toxicity and Environmental Aspects Special Uses Hydraulic Cement Additives Pipeline Transportation of Aqueous Emulsions of Oil Low Temperature Drilling Fluids References 427 428 429 430 430 430 433 434 434 434 435 435 15 Odorization General Aspects Limits of Explosion Desirable Properties of Odorants Measurement and Odor Monitoring Olfactoric Response Physiological Methods Chemical and Physical... drilling operations, in order to comply with environmental regulations which have become stricter throughout the world In fact, this is a 8 CHAPTER | 1 Drilling Muds mandatory requirement for the North Sea sector The drilling fluids industry has made significant progress in developing new fluids and ancillary additives to fulfill the increasing technical demands for drilling oil wells Additives now have . #48 “Fink: 01-fm-i-iv-9780123838445” — 2011/5/10 — 19:13 — page i — #1 Petroleum Engineer’s Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids