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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES ******************** VÕ THỊ MAI PHƢƠNG A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONVERSATIONAL IMP[.]
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES ******************** VÕ THỊ MAI PHƢƠNG A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES USED IN SOME POLITICAL ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE ELECTRONIC NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ON THE EVENTS RELATED TO VIETNAM-CHINA ISLAND DISPUTE (Nghiên cƣ́u so sánh hàm ngôn hô ̣i thoa ̣i đƣợc sử dụng các bài báo trị kiện liên quan đến tranh chấ p biể n đảo Viêṭ Nam - Trung Quố c số báo điện tử Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English linguistics Code: 60220201 HANOI - 2017 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES ******************** VÕ THỊ MAI PHƢƠNG A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES USED IN SOME POLITICAL ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE ELECTRONIC NEWSPAPER ARTICLES ON THE EVENTS RELATED TO VIETNAM-CHINA ISLAND DISPUTE (Nghiên cƣ́u so sánh hàm ngôn hô ̣i thoa ̣i đƣợc sử dụng các bài báo trị kiện liên quan đến tranh chấ p biể n đảo Viêṭ Nam - Trung Quố c số báo điện tử Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Dr Đỗ Thị Thanh Hà HANOI - 2017 z DECLARATION I certify that this minor thesis entitled “A comparative study on Conversational Implicatures used in political electronic English and Vietnamese articles on Vietnam - China island disputes” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts is the result of my work, except otherwise acknowledge and that this minor thesis and any part of the same has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institution Hanoi, January 2017 Signature Võ Thị Mai Phƣơng i z ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS After the past two years I have received the support and encouragement from many individuals to accomplish this research Therefore, I hereby would like to express my profound gratitude to all of them Above all, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor, Doctor Do Thi Thanh Ha for all of her invaluable inspiration, assistance, critique, sincere guidance and encouragement as I was working on my study Besides, I am grateful to all lectures and staff of Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies for their valuable lessons and precious help Thanks to them, I could get the essential materials for my paper Finally, my sincere thanks go to my family and my friends who always stand by me and support me when I was doing the research Without their encouragement, I would not have been able to complete this thesis ii z ABSTRACT The topic on politics has attracted many researchers in all fields and linguistics is not an exception, specially, the announcements of official politicians and commentary, judgments of the specialists informed on the media Nowadays, the political events of the global countries have been updated almost immediately by the assistance of internet Electronic newspapers play a very important role and grab much power in the modern life In the world recently, the political movements in Asia especially between Vietnam and China island disputes have wasted the inks and papers of worldwide newspapers The study was conducted to compare the use maxim violation to generate conversational implicature of English and Vietnamese electronic newspapers on the coverage hottest events on Vietnam - China island disputes in the period from 2011 to 2015 The analysis includes examining the methods of generating implicature which consists of violating four conversational maxims based on Relevance Theory of Grice Based on the findings, it is concluded that both English and Vietnamese newspapers showed their creativity in using different devices to violate the maxims to generate conversational implicatures In addition, the two types of newspapers share a lot of similarities Specially, the quality maxim is violated the most frequency among four maxims Besides, the study assumes that the language of politics and journalism affect deeply on the applying of maxim violation to generate conversational implicatures The study also contributes a new finding that conversational implicatures and Relevance theory of Grice both work effectively in not only oral conversations but also in indirect conversation such as in written texts whose speakers/ hearers interaction are writers/ readers interaction to convey the meaning and messages iii z TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Table of contents iv List of abbreviations vi List of tables vii PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale of the studies Research questions Aims of study Scope of the study Methods of the study Organization of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Theories on conversational implicature 1.1.1 Implicature and Co-operation 1.1.2 Conversational and Conventional Implicatures 1.1.3 Violating implicature 1.2 Review of related study 1.3 Review of Vietnam - China island disputes in the period of time from 2011 to 2015 11 CHAPTER 2: METHODS AND PROCEDURES 15 2.1 Data collection methods 15 2.2 Data source 16 2.3 Data analysis procedure 24 2.3.1 Data reduction 25 2.3.2 Data analysis 25 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 27 3.1 Conversational implicatures in Vietnamese electronic magazines 27 iv z 3.1.1 Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of quality in English magazine articles 30 3.1.2 Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of quantity in English magazine articles 31 3.1.3 Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of relation in English magazine articles 33 3.1.4 Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of manner in English magazine articles 34 3.2 Conversational implicatures in English electronic magazines 34 3.2.1 Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of quality in English magazine articles 36 3.2.2 Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of quantity in English magazine articles 37 3.2.3Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of relation in English magazine articles 38 3.2.4Conversational implicatures generated by violating the maxim of manner in English magazine articles 39 3.3 Comparison between English and Vietnamese electronic newspaper articles in English magazine articles 39 3.3.1 Similarities 40 3.3.2 Differences 43 PART C: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 44 Summary of findings 44 Implications 46 Limitations of the study 46 Suggestions 47 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX I v z LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CP: Cooperative Principle CNOOC: China National Offshore Oil Corp CDA: Critical Discourse Analysis US: United States USA: United States of America ASEAN: Association of South East Asian Nation CI: Conversational Implicature VN: Vietnam CN: China WEF: World Economic Forum SCS: South China Sea TV: Television Ql: quality Qt: quantity Mn: manner Rl: relation vi z LIST OF TABLES Table 1.2 Vietnam - China island dispute timeline Table 2.2 Data source 17 Table 2.3.2 Coding scheme 25 Table 3.1 Frequency of maxim violation in Vietnamese articles 28 Table 3.2 Frequency of maxim violation in English articles 35 Table 3.3 Data comparative 40 vii z PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study Nowadays, online newspapers have indisputably become one of the most useful and convenient source of information Along with the spread of internet, online news is increasingly popular due to the availability and convenience they provide With internet and computer, the readers have a chance to get a great deal of diverse online newspapers Political news is always the hot area of information that attracts readers‟ attention Due to the fact that news are posted and updated simultaneously to assure the accurate of the news, especially the news related to politics Such news need to express the truth They are also governed by the state power for the political purposes Therefore, the writers have to use some kinds of pragmatic devices that implicatures are the most common one To reach to the understanding between the writer and the receivers or readers, using implicatures as a useful linguistic resource is a useful way Realizing the importance and significant of implicatures in newspaper article, this study is carried out to investigate the use of implicature in transferring the information to in the language of Vietnamese and English newspaper articles Research questions Based on the background and the focus of the research, the writer proposed three questions for this study, those are: 1) What are the conversational maxims that are violated in the Vietnamese electronic newspaper articles on Vietnam- China island disputes to generate conversational implicatures? 2) What are the conversational maxims that are violated in the English electronic newspaper articles on Vietnam- China island disputes to generate conversational implicatures? 3) What are the similarities and differences on adopting conversational maxim violation to generate conversational implicatures between English and Vietnamese electronic newspaper articles on Vietnam - China island disputes? z ... on Vietnam- China island disputes to generate conversational implicatures? 2) What are the conversational maxims that are violated in the English electronic newspaper articles on Vietnam- China. .. English and Vietnamese electronic newspaper articles on Vietnam - China island disputes? z Aims of the study The study deals with the exploitation of conversational implicatures in the Vietnamese. .. violated in the political Vietnamese electronic newspaper article on Vietnam- China island disputes - To identify the conversational implicature which are generated and the conversational maxims