handbook of chemical technology and pollution control- 2006, elsevier,

[...]... illustration of the importance of recycle of recovered starting material in the industrial definition of yield Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 24 1 % conversion ¼ Final Proof page 24 18.11.2005 10:25pm BACKGROUND AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS [(initial mass of A) À (final mass of A)] Â 100 (initial mass of A) 1:11 One needs to use the definitions of both the... C ¼ Co (Q=Qo )n , and selected from those of Peters and Timmerhaus [15] and Allen [16] a Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 1.5 CHEMICAL PROCESSING Final Proof page 11 18.11.2005 10:25pm 11 However, for very simple components of processing units such as storage tanks, the value of this exponent is small, about 0.30, which allows a tank of three times the... source of this raw material A large source of freshwater, such as a river or a lake will generally be used for feedstock and cooling water 1 Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 2 1 Final Proof page 2 18.11.2005 10:25pm BACKGROUND AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS FIGURE 1.1 Flow sheet of a hypothetical though credible chemical complex based on only air, water, salt, and. .. desirable component of a Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 1.2 TYPES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF INFORMATION Final Proof page 5 18.11.2005 10:25pm 5 company’s earnings since it does not require any capital investment, or raw material and product inventories, as are ordinarily required to generate an income from chemical processing Patents and the patenting system... Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 1.3 THE VALUE OF INTEGRATION Final Proof page 7 18.11.2005 10:25pm 7 that there is some doubt of the likelihood of success of a patent application Information falling into these categories may be simply filed in company records for reference purposes and not be patented or otherwise publicized at all This type of know-how... When a particular area of expertise has been discovered and developed, this can be more fully exploited if a number of different product or Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 8 1 Final Proof page 8 18.11.2005 10:25pm BACKGROUND AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS service lines are put on the market using this technology For instance, Procter & Gamble and Unilever have both... Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 Final Proof page 3 18.11.2005 10:25pm 3 1.1 IMPORTANT GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Most of the machinery and containment vessels required for chemical processing are expensive, in part because of the high degree of automation used by this industry This means that the labor requirement is relatively low, based on the value of products... systems of continuous reactors Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 Final Proof page 13 18.11.2005 10:25pm 13 1.5 CHEMICAL PROCESSING There are several common combinations within this broad division into batch and continuous types of reactors, which use minor variations of the main theme The simplest and least expensive of these subdivisions is represented by... types of flow measuring devices used in chemical processing Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 1.5 CHEMICAL PROCESSING Final Proof page 19 18.11.2005 10:25pm 19 may be altered, conveyors moving solids may be adjusted, and heat input as electrical energy or steam or cooling water flows may be varied at will The development of proportional control of process... computer control of a chemical processing unit Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_chap01 20 1 Final Proof page 20 18.11.2005 10:25pm BACKGROUND AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS The frequent monitoring capability of the computer has also provided a stimulus to the design and implementation of rugged, more sophisticated online process analyzers such as infrared and mass spectrometers, . and most Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_ chap01 Final Proof page 5 18.11.2005 10:25pm 1.2. TYPES AND SIGNIFICANC E OF I NFORMATION 5 important part of. general way and for testing the concepts of most of the problems. My former and present students in polymer chemistry have Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_ prelims. attention. Martin B. Hocking From Modern Chemical Technology and Emission Control Hocking: Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control 0120887967_ prelims Final Proof page xxvi 25.11.2005 5:56pm xxvi