[...]... (%) 9 .5 8 .5 7 .5 6.8 6 .5 6.1 5. 5 5. 6 3.8 Secondary: primary ratio Polymer dosagea Pressure Ib/in.2 gb Cake solids (%) Solids recovery (%) 100% primary 1 :5 1:2 1:1 2:1 3:1 100% secondary 100% primary 100% secondary 1.6 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.1 4.1 5. 5 None None 100 100 25 100 25 25 25 25 NA NA 41 38 33–38 31 31 28 25 39–43 25 97–99 97–99 95 97 95 95 90– 95 95 >97 > 95 Capacityc 2706 2706 14 85 898 858 6 05 546 NA... Effectiveness of Ozone as an Oxidant Ozone dosage (mg/L) 50 100 200 3 25 50 100 200 COD (mg/L) BOD5 (mg/L) TOC (mg/L) Influent Effluent Influent Effluent Influent Effluent 318 318 318 318 45 45 45 262 2 45 200 159 27 11 5. 5 142 142 142 142 13 13 13 110 100 95 60 7 3 1 .5 93 93 93 93 20 .5 20 .5 20 .5 80 77 80 50 15. 5 9 5 Source: US EPA step Ozone breaks down to elemental oxygen in a relatively short period of time... 55 5 3.4 Storage Facility Requirements 55 7 4 Chemical Preparation of Solutions and Suspensions 55 8 4.1 Preparation of Dilute Solutions from Concentrated Solutions 55 8 4.2 Preparation of Dilute Solutions from Solid Products 55 9 4.3 Preparation of Suspensions 56 0 5 Chemical Feeding System 56 0 5. 1 Dry Feeders 56 1 5. 2... 54 8 2.11 Sodium Carbonate 54 8 2.12 Sodium Chlorite 54 9 2.13 Sodium Hydroxide 54 9 2.14 Sodium Hypochlorite 55 0 Contents xv 2. 15 Sulfuric Acid 55 0 3 Chemical Storage 55 0 3.1 Storage of Powder Chemicals 55 0 3.2 Storage of Liquid Chemicals 55 5 3.3 Storage of Gaseous Chemicals... Calcination of Finely Divided Limestones 622 4 Properties of Limestones and Their Calcines 622 5 Factors Affecting Lime Calcination 623 xvi Contents 5. 1 Effect of Stone Size 623 5. 2 Effect of Crystal Ion Spacing 624 5. 3 Effect of Salts 624 5. 4 Influence of Stone Imurities 624 5. 5 Effect of Steam 6 25 5.6... and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore EDWARD S.K CHAIN, PhD • Retired Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA YUNG-TSE HUNG, PhD, PE, DEE • Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH PUANGRAT KAJITVICHYANUKUL, PhD • Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental. .. and sludge treatment on a large scale (1–6) Oxidative purification and From: Handbook of Environmental Engineering, Volume 5: Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Technologies Edited by: L K Wang, Y -T Hung, and N K Shammas © The Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 1 2 Lawrence K Wang and Nazih K Shammas disinfection with ozone as a tertiary wastewater treatment or sludge treatment has a number of inherent... 56 6 5. 3 Gas Feeders 56 7 6 Design Examples 56 7 References 57 2 13 Wet Air Oxidation for Waste Treatment Linda Y Zou, Yuncang Li, and Yung-Tse Hung 57 5 1 Introduction 57 5 1.1 Process Description 57 6 1.2 Mechanisms and Kinetics 57 8 1.3 Design 58 0 1.4 Issues and Considerations of. .. w/polymer (lb/ft2/d) Float solids conc (%) 2 1 .5 1.8 1 1 4 4 20 15 15 10 10 20 15 60 45 45 30 30 60 45 5 .5 3 .5 4 3 2 .5 10 8 8 24 2 1 Source: US EPA Fig 7 Bird’s eye view of a flocculation/flotation/filtration package unit (Sandfloat) rotary joint and an inlet distributor into the rapid mixing section of the slowly moving carriage The entire moving carriage consists of rapid mixer, flocculator, air dissolving... Treatment Technology Overview 50 6 Common Types of Water Filtration Processes for Small Communities 50 7 5. 1 Process Description 50 8 5. 2 Operation and Maintenance Requirements 51 2 5. 3 Technology Limitations 51 2 5. 4 Financial Considerations 51 3 6 Other Filtration Processes 51 4 6.1 Direct Filtration 51 4 . Hydroxide 54 9 2.14. Sodium Hypochlorite 55 0 Contents xv 2. 15. Sulfuric Acid 55 0 3. Chemical Storage 55 0 3.1. Storage of Powder Chemicals 55 0 3.2. Storage of Liquid Chemicals 55 5 3.3. Storage of Gaseous. Institute of Water Technology, Lenox, MA Krofta Engineering Corporation, Lenox, MA VOLUME 5 HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Dedication The Editors of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering. Products 55 9 4.3. Preparation of Suspensions 56 0 5. Chemical Feeding System 56 0 5. 1. Dry Feeders 56 1 5. 2. Solution Feeders 56 6 5. 3. Gas Feeders 56 7 6. Design Examples 56 7 References 57 2 13 Wet