reference book on chemical engineering v_ii

= ' ,. ; , = = t» on . ~ = t» t» t» cc: D.Sen (f.U NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS Reference Book on Chemical Engineering THIS PAGE IS BLANK Reference Book on Chemical Engineering Volume II D. Sel B. Ch .E. Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (Indi a) Former Listed lOBI Consultant and Retired Chief Engineer (Chern.) of BVFCL, (Formerly HFCL) Namrup Unit, Assam NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) UMITED, PUBUSHERS New Delhi. Bangalore • Chcnnai • Cochin • Guwahati • Hyderabad J2landhar • Kolkafa • Ludmow • Mumbai • Ranchi Copyright © 2005, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com ISBN (10) : 81-224-2311-6 ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2311-2 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com 'To My MotlUr 'Wno lias t~n mucfi interest in progress of tlU 600ft I tlU 600ft is t!eaicatea THIS PAGE IS BLANK PREFACE This volume II contains a large number of data tables and graphs in Part A whereas in Part B essential information on other engineering disciplines viz. civil, mechanical, electrical, instrumentation and general matters were given for Chemical Engineering students as well as for professionals. Some of the information on other engg. areas and finance were written by experienced senior engineers and finance executives from industry to make this volume more interesting. This volume was also reviewed by Professor U.P. Ganguly (retd.) of Chemical Engg . Deptt. of IIT, Kharagpur. I thank to all who have assisted in this work. Kolkata D. SEN THIS PAGE IS BLANK CONTENTS Preface (vii) PART I : DATA TABLES AND GRAPHS 1-135 PART U : OTHER INFORMATION 1. Civil Engineering Information 137 2. Mechanical Engineering Information 140 3. Electrical Engineering Information 151 4. SpeCifie Requirement of Electrical Equipment 160 5. Process Instrumentation 183 6. Instrumentation-Practical Guide 190 7. General 196 8. Glossary of Thrms in Chemistry and Others 198 Index 212 [...]... 10 Fine chemicals Group B 11 Perfume chemicals 12 Food preservatives (additives) 13 Food Processing Chemicals 14 Heavy chemicals 15 Intermediates 16 Leather chemicals 17 Metal Processing chemicals 18 Organic chemicals 19 Oil and drilling chemicals 20 Paper processing chemicals Group C 21 Petrochemicals 22 Plastic Polymers (straight, addition and condensation) 23 Pharma chemicals 24 Speciality chemicals... Density (g/cm3) = 141.5/(°API + 131.5) Source : Borsig pocket book 3rd edn 1970 Table 18 : Standard oxidation-reduction potentials, E° and equilibrium constants, K Elements/Compounds E° K → Li  Li+ + e– 3.05 4 × 1050 → Cs  Cs+ + e– 2.92 1 × 1049 → Rv  Rv+ + e– 2.92 1 × 1049 → K  K+ + e– 2.92 1 × 1049 18 REFERENCE BOOK ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING → 1/2 Ba  1/2 Ba+ + e– 2.90 5 × 1048 → 1/2 Sr ... 46.1 Critical Critical Temper- Pressure ature °C kp/cm 2 8 REFERENCE BOOK ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 138.25 178.24 1041 (131.1) 332 342 193 Phenanthrene 1252 (0°) 894 207 178.24 H H 973 218 74 76.0 77.5 81.1 81 Heat of Evaporation kcal/kg 71.0 (120) 79.3 75 Table 6 255.9 159.6 164.4 136.1 138.4 Anthracene thalene (Decalin) Cis-Decahydronaph- ronaphthalene (Tetraline) 132.21 H 1, 2, 3, 4-Tetraphyd- 976(85.3)... ANS Lax, Chemists and Physicists Pocket Book, 3rd edn 1967 except B.H Table 2 : Groups of chemicals There are about 70, 000 chemicals in use through out the world The chemicals can be classified in three groups as below : Group A 1 Adhesive chemicals 2 Pesticides 3 Fertilisers (agro chemicals) 4 Basic chemicals 5 Bulk drugs DATA TABLES AND GRAPHS 6 Catalytic chemicals 7 Cosmetics and detergents 8 Dyes... gases at 1 atmosphere and standard conc of 1M 20 REFERENCE BOOK ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Graph-G-1 Vapour Pressure tem p relation of C hem ical C om pound Tem perature (°C ) –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 20 40 60 80 100 110 100 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 CO Hc 2 S H2 l NH 3 l Ch or in e 1 8 6 4 2 2 l ho lc o lA h er en To lu e e e le n en th a en Di ph Ph Na yl ph ol en ne yle -X M er on at A t ce nz 8 6 4 2 et th W 0.01... h e w ate r va p ou r co n ten t f is th ere fore 1.7 5 g/n m 3 d ry g as (S T.P.) 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 15 C en tre P (ata ) Source : Borsig pocket book 3rd edn 1970 20 30 50 1 00 2 00 5 00 24 REFERENCE BOOK ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Table 19 : Density and Concentration of Ethyl Alcohol-Water Mixtures Density at 15°C kg/l 4°C Wt % of Density at 15°C kg/l 4°C ethyl alcohol 0.9954 0.9920 0.9887 0.9858 0.9830... 0.8223 0.8169 0.8113 0.8056 0.7997 0.7935 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 Table 20 : Density and Concentration of Aqueous Solutions of Ammonia Density at 20°C Kg/l Wt.% Concentration Mol/l Density at 20°C Kg/l Wt.% Concentration Mol/l 0.998 0.0465 0.0273 0.930 17.85 9.75 0.990 1.89 1.10 0.920 20.88 11.28 0.980 4.27 2.46 0.910 24.03 12.84 0.970 6.75 3.84 0.900 27.33... Pharma chemicals 24 Speciality chemicals 25 Textile processing chemicals 26 Printing and Writing ink 27 Optical whiteners 28 Oils & fats 29 Rubber chemicals 30 Photographic chemicals N B Some chemicals have overlapping existence in other groups 5 34.08 HCl H2S SO2 Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen sulphide Sulphur 17.03 44.01 Carbon monoxide.CO Carbon dioxide CO2 1.98 1.250 0.77 2.93 1.54 1.63 kg/m 3 liquid... Mercury Hg 200.61 13.55 – 38.9 356.7 – Molybdenum Mo 95.94 10.22 2620 4800 160 3 4 REFERENCE BOOK ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Nickel Ni 53.71 8.91 1455 2800 70 Nioblum Nb 92.91 8.55 2468 ~4900 250 Phosphorus P 30.97 2.694) 44.25) 281 – Potassium K 39.10 0.86 63.2 753.8 0.037 Rhodium Rh 102.91 12.50 1960 3960 110 Silicon Si 23.09 2.33 1423 2355 – Silver Ag 107.87 10.50 961.3 2180 20 Sodium Na 22.99... CH—CH2—CH3 42.08 CH2 = CH2 Formula Ethylene Mono-olefines Substance MoleDensity cular kg/m3 Weight 12C = 12 Table 7 –120 – 87.5 –108.9 –146 –119.4 –139.0 –166.2 –146.8 – 190 –185 –170 °C Melting Point 152 120.8 262 230 202.6 144.0 146.4 91.8 9.5 44.1 53.5 28.7 31.5 41.7 40.0 37.5 47.1 51.7 Critical Critical Temper- Pressure ature °C kp/cm 2 10 REFERENCE BOOK ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 54.09 50.49 CH 3 —C ≡ C —CH . on . ~ = t» t» t» cc: D.Sen (f.U NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS Reference Book on Chemical Engineering THIS PAGE IS BLANK Reference Book on Chemical Engineering Volume. Perfume chemicals 12. Food preservatives (additives) 13. Food Processing Chemicals 14. Heavy chemicals 15. Intermediates 16. Leather chemicals 17. Metal Processing chemicals 18. Organic chemicals 19 IS BLANK PREFACE This volume II contains a large number of data tables and graphs in Part A whereas in Part B essential information on other engineering disciplines viz. civil, mechanical,