Beginning JSP, JSF and Tomcat Java Web Development Giulio Zambon www.it-ebooks.info ii Beginning JSP, JSF and Tomcat Copyright © 2012 by Giulio Zambon This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. 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For detailed information about how to locate your book’s source code, go to www.apress.com/source- code. www.it-ebooks.info iii Contents at a Glance About the Author xiv About the Technical Reviewers xv Chapter 1: Introducing JSP and Tomcat 1 Chapter 2: JSP Elements 19 Chapter 3: JSP Application Architectures 49 Chapter 4: JSP in Action 79 Chapter 5: XML and JSP 121 Chapter 6: Databases 159 Chapter 7: JavaServer Faces 2.2 189 Chapter 8: JSF and eshop 231 Chapter 9: Tomcat 259 Chapter 10: eshop* 281 Appendix A: The Web Page 317 Appendix B: SQL Practical Introduction 379 Appendix C: Abbreviations and Acronyms 405 Index 409 www.it-ebooks.info iv Contents About the Author xiv About the Technical Reviewers xv Chapter 1: Introducing JSP and Tomcat 1 Installing Java 3 Java Test 5 Installing Tomcat 6 Simple Tomcat Test 8 What Is JSP? 9 Viewing a JSP Page 10 Hello World! 12 Listing the HTML-Request Parameters 16 Summary 17 Chapter 2: JSP Elements 19 Introduction 19 Scripting Elements and Java 20 Scriptlets 20 Expressions 20 Declarations 21 Data Types and Variables 21 Objects and Arrays 23 Operators, Assignments, and Comparisons 24 www.it-ebooks.info #/.4%.43 v Selections 25 Iterations 26 Implicit Objects 27 The application Object 27 The config Object 30 The exception Object 31 The out Object 32 The pageContext Object 34 The request Object 34 The response Object 43 The session Object 43 Directive Elements 44 The page Directive 44 The include Directive 47 The taglib Directive 47 Summary 47 Chapter 3: JSP Application Architectures 49 The Model 1 Architecture 49 The Model 2 Architecture 50 The E-bookshop Home Page 52 The E-bookshop Servlet 54 More on E-bookshop 57 E-bookshop’s Folder Structure 60 Eclipse 63 Creating a New Web Project 67 Importing a WAR file 69 Eclipse Occasional Bugs 70 www.it-ebooks.info #/.4%.43 vi A Better Online Bookshop 70 Objects and Operations 71 The Customer Interface 72 The E-shop Architecture 73 The Model 73 The Controller 74 The View 76 Summary 77 Chapter 4: JSP in Action 79 JSP Standard Actions 79 Actions: forward, include, and param 79 Action: useBean 82 Actions: setProperty and getProperty 84 Action: text 87 Actions: element, attribute, and body 87 Actions: plugin, params, and fallback 88 Comments and Escape Characters 90 JSP’s Tag Extension Mechanism 90 Bodyless Custom Actions 91 Bodied Custom Actions 95 Tag Files 98 JSTL and EL 103 JSP Expression Language 103 JSP Standard Tag Library 107 The Core Library 109 The i18n Library: Writing Multi-Lingual Applications 112 Summary 119 www.it-ebooks.info #/.4%.43 vii Chapter 5: XML and JSP 121 The XML Document 122 Defining Your Own XML Documents 123 XML DTDs 124 XML Schemas 124 Validation 132 JSTL-XML and XSL 139 XPath 139 An XPath Example 143 x:parse 145 XSLT: Transformation from One XML Format to Another 146 XSLT: Transformation from XML to HTML 147 XSL Transformation: Browser Side vs. Server Side 148 x:transform and x:param 152 JSP in XML Syntax 153 Summary 157 Chapter 6: Databases 159 MySQL 159 MySQL Test 161 MySQL/Tomcat Test 165 Database Basics 168 SQL Scripts 170 Java API 171 Connecting to the Database 172 Accessing Data 173 Transactions 176 DB Access in E-shop 176 www.it-ebooks.info #/.4%.43 viii What about the XML Syntax? 180 Possible Alternatives to MySQL 184 Summary 187 Chapter 7: JavaServer Faces 2.2 189 The simplef Application 189 An Alternative to <managed-bean> 195 The simplefx and simpleh Applications 195 The JSF Life Cycle 197 Event Handling 199 The JSF Tag Libraries 199 The html Library 200 The core Library 205 The facelet Library 215 The composite Library 224 Summary 229 Chapter 8: JSF and eshop 231 eshopf 231 The Top Menu 232 The Left Menu (part 1) 233 The Shop Manager 235 The Left Menu (part 2) 236 The Checkout Page 237 web.xml 238 Using and Creating Converters 240 Writing the Converter in Java 241 Registering the Converter with the Application 243 Using the Converter 243 www.it-ebooks.info #/.4%.43 ix Using and Creating Validators 243 Built-In Validators 244 Application-Level Validation 245 Custom Validators 246 Validation Methods in Backing Beans 247 Creating Custom Components 248 Component 249 Renderer 251 Tag 253 Inline Renderer 256 faces-config.xml 257 Summary 257 Chapter 9: Tomcat 259 Tomcat’s Architecture and server.xml 259 Context 260 Connector 261 Host 261 Engine 262 Service 262 Server 262 Listener 263 Global Naming Resources 263 Realm 263 Cluster 263 Valve 264 Loader and Manager 264 Directory Structure 264 conf 265 www.it-ebooks.info #/.4%.43 x lib 265 logs 266 webapps 266 work 266 Logging the Requests 267 Tomcat on Port 80 269 Creating a Virtual Host 269 HTTPS 271 Application Deployment 276 Summary 279 Chapter 10: eshop* 281 The eshop Application 281 What Happens When the Application Starts 283 Handling Requests for Book Selection and Book Search 286 Displaying the Book Details 287 Managing the Shopping Cart 288 Accepting an Order 289 Providing the Payment Details 299 The eshopx Application 300 Style Sheet 301 web.xml 302 JSP Documents 303 Custom Tags and TLD 306 The eshopf Application 308 web.xml and context.xml 309 Style Sheet 310 JSP Documents 312 www.it-ebooks.info [...]... CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING JSP AND TOMCAT Figure 1-5 Tomcat' s Service and Native settings Tomcat runs as a Windows service To start it and stop it, you can right-click the Apache Service Manager icon in the notification area of Windows’ toolbar and select the corresponding operation You can also achieve the same result by opening Windows’ Services control panel (and right-clicking the Tomcat entry, as shown... receive the content of the file identified by /path/whatever.html 1 G Zambon, Beginning JSP, JSF and Tomcat © Giulio Zambon 2012 www.it-ebooks.info CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING JSP AND TOMCAT 2 In reply, the web server sends an HTTP response containing a plain-text HTML page Images and other non-textual components, such as sound and video clips, only appear in the page as references 3 Your browser receives the... program, and one day you might replace Tomcat 7.0 with Tomcat 8.0 By calling Tomcat s home directory Tomcat you are “safe” for years to come You can also decide to leave the default In general, by using the defaults, you are likely to encounter fewer problems, because the default settings of any applications are always tested best! 9 Next, the Tomcat installer will ask you to specify the connector port and. .. the Tomcat installer, launch it 7 After you’ve agreed to the terms of the license, you will then see the dialog shown in Figure 1-5 Click on the plus sign before the Tomcat item and select “Service” and “Native” as shown in the figure before clicking on the “Next >” button 8 I chose to install Tomcat in the directory “C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation \Tomcat instead of the default Tomcat. .. 1-6 Stopping and starting Tomcat from the Services control panel In any case, to go to the Services control panel, click on Windows' Start menu and select Setting h Control Panel h Administrative Tools h Services You will see dozens of entries, but when you reach the Tomcat services, its status should be “Started” With Java and Tomcat in place, we can finally begin playing with JSP! Simple Tomcat Test... 340), EL 3.0 (JSR 341), and JSF 2.2 (JSR 344) Version 8 is expected in mid-2013 At the time of this writing, Java 7 is only available as part of the JSE (Java Standard Edition) platform The latest version of Java released in the JEE (Java Enterprise Edition) platform is 6 (update 32) The latest version of Tomcat (7.0), supports Servlets 3.0 and JSF 2.1.7 Viewing a JSP Page With JSP, the web page doesn’t... guide you through the installation of Java and Tomcat: there wouldn’t be much point in looking at code you can’t execute on your PC, would there? You’ll have to install more packages as you progress Do these installations correctly, and you will never need to second guess yourself In total, you will need at least 300MB of disk space for Java and Tomcat alone and twice as much space to install the Eclipse... and displays the lot JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a technology that helps you create such dynamically generated pages by converting script files into executable Java modules; JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a package that facilitates interactivity with the page viewers; and Tomcat is an application that can execute your code and act as a web server for your dynamic pages Everything you need to develop JSP /JSF. .. the necessary packages and tools and obtain an integrated development environment, you need to proceed with care There is nothing more annoying than having to deal with incorrectly installed software When something doesn't work, the problem will always be difficult to find In this chapter, I'll introduce you to Java servlets and JSP, and I’ll show you how they work together within Tomcat to generate dynamic... browser 7 Your web browser handles the dynamically generated HTML page inside the HTTP response exactly as if it were a static page In fact, static and dynamic web pages are in the same format 11 www.it-ebooks.info CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING JSP AND TOMCAT You might ask, “Why do you say that with JSP, the page is created fresh for each request, if the server only converts and compiles the JSP source if . Beginning JSP, JSF and Tomcat Java Web Development Giulio Zambon www.it-ebooks.info ii Beginning JSP, JSF and Tomcat Copyright © 2012 by Giulio. include, and param 79 Action: useBean 82 Actions: setProperty and getProperty 84 Action: text 87 Actions: element, attribute, and body 87 Actions: plugin, params, and fallback 88 Comments and. the Technical Reviewers xv Chapter 1: Introducing JSP and Tomcat 1 Installing Java 3 Java Test 5 Installing Tomcat 6 Simple Tomcat Test 8 What Is JSP? 9 Viewing a JSP Page 10 Hello