IMMUNOSUPPRESSION – ROLE IN HEALTH AND DISEASES Edited by Suman Kapur and Maristela Barbosa Portela Immunosuppression – Role in Health and Diseases Edited by Suman Kapur and Maristela Barbosa Portela Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivana Zec Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published February, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Immunosuppression – Role in Health and Diseases, Edited by Suman Kapur and Maristela Barbosa Portela p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0152-9 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Suppression and Regulation 1 Chapter 1 Role of Opioidergic System in Humoral Immune Response 3 Suman Kapur, Anuradha Pal and Shashwat Sharad Chapter 2 Endotoxin Tolerance as a Key Mechanism for Immunosuppression 21 Subhra K. Biswas and Irina N. Shalova Chapter 3 Spleen Tyrosine Kinase: A Novel Target in Autoimmunity 41 Stephen P. McAdoo and Frederick W. K. Tam Chapter 4 Genetic Variation in AhR Gene Related to Dioxin Sensitivity in the Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus speciosus 57 Hiroko Ishiniwa, Kazuhiro Sogawa, Ken-ichi Yasumoto, Nobuhiko Hoshi, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Ken Tasaka and Tsuneo Sekijima Chapter 5 Anti-RhD-Mediated Immunosuppression: Can Monoclonal Antibodies Imitate the Action of Polyclonal Antibodies? 77 Natalia Olovnikova Chapter 6 Immunotropic Properties of GABA-ergic Agents in Suppression 107 N. Tyurenkov and M. A. Samotrueva Chapter 7 Immunodepression and Immunosuppression During Aging 125 Véronique Thomas-Vaslin, Adrien Six, Hang-Phuong Pham, Cira Dansokho, Wahiba Chaara, Bruno Gouritin, Bertrand Bellier and David Klatzmann VI Contents Chapter 8 Chronic Immune Response Hypothesis for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Experimental Results and Literature Overview 147 E. V. Svirshchevskaya Chapter 9 T Cell Suppression in Burn and Septic Injuries 161 Nadeem Fazal Chapter 10 Immunosuppression in Helminth Infection 191 Maria Doligalska and Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska Chapter 11 Microbial Immunosuppression 215 Mohamed G. Elfaki, Abdullah A. Al-Hokail and Abdelmageed M. Kambal Chapter 12 Measles Virus Infection: Mechanisms of Immune Suppression 225 Xuelian Yu and Reena Ghildyal Chapter 13 Immunoregulation: A Proposal for an Experimental Model 255 Marcela Šperanda and Ivica Valpotić Part 2 Transplantation and Novel Therapies 291 Chapter 14 Cellular Therapies for Immunosuppression 293 Nathalie Cools, Viggo F. I. Van Tendeloo and Zwi N. Berneman Chapter 15 Low Immunogenic Potential of Human Neural Stem Cells 317 L. De Filippis, L. Rota Nodari and Maurizio Gelati Chapter 16 Current Immunosuppression in Abdominal Organ Transplantation 335 Raffaele Girlanda, Cal S. Matsumoto, Keith J. Melancon and Thomas M. Fishbein Chapter 17 Induction Therapy in Renal Transplant Recipients 357 Cheguevara Afaneh, Meredith J. Aull, Sandip Kapur and David B. Leeser Chapter 18 Radiotherapy and Immunity – A Mini Review 385 Rosangela Correa Villar Chapter 19 The Role of Cyclosporine A in the Treatment of Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infections with the Use of Arterial Homografts 407 Artur Pupka and Tomasz Płonek Contents VII Chapter 20 Clinical Immunosuppression in Solid Organ and Composite Tissue Allotransplantation 423 Barbara Kern and Robert Sucher Chapter 21 HIV/AIDS Associated Malignant Disorders: Role of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy 433 Angel Mayor, Yelitza Ruiz, Diana Fernández and Robert Hunter-Mellado Chapter 22 E-Health 2.0 Developments in Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis 457 Peter Joseph Jongen “Dedicated to my parents, students and most of all my mentor and guide Prof. G. P Talwar” . IMMUNOSUPPRESSION – ROLE IN HEALTH AND DISEASES Edited by Suman Kapur and Maristela Barbosa Portela Immunosuppression – Role in Health and Diseases Edited by Suman. hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Immunosuppression – Role in Health and Diseases, Edited by Suman Kapur and Maristela Barbosa Portela p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0152-9. mechanism by which the body recognizes and defends itself against foreign or non-self Immunosuppression – Role in Health and Diseases 4 substances and organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and