Tóm tắt nội dung đồ án Tóm tắt nội dung của đồ án tốt nghiệp trong khoảng tối đa 300 chữ. Phần tóm tắt cần nêu được các ý: vấn đề cần thực hiện; phương pháp thực hiện; công cụ sử dụng (phần mềm, phần cứng…); kết quả của đồ án có phù hợp với các vấn đề đã đặt ra hay không; tính thực tế của đồ án, định hướng phát triển mở rộng của đồ án (nếu có); các kiến thức và kỹ năng mà sinh viên đã đạt được. MỤC LỤC CHƯƠNG 1. OVERVIEW 1 1.1 The use of the gearbox 1 1.2 Gearbox requirements 2 1.3 Gearbox classification 2 1.3.1 According to the control method, it is divided into the following types: 2 1.3.2 Classified by the number of levels: 11 1.3.3 According to the dynamic diagram, it is divided into: gearboxes with fixed shafts (2.3 or more axes) and planetary gearboxes (one row, two rows) 12 1.4 Choose design options 13 1.4.1 Gearbox with two shaft and 5 speed 14 1.4.2 Gear box with three shaft and 5 speed 15 1.5 Gearbox on Hyundai i10 16 1.5.1 Working principle of gearbox: 16 1.5.2 Working principle of synchronizer: 17 1.5.3 Working principle of gear shifting: 19 1.5.4 Working principle of interlock mechanism: 19 1.5.5 Components : 21
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI ĐỒ ÁN MÔN HỌC DESIGN GEARBOX ON HYUNDAI I10 NGUYỄN MẠNH LINH Linh.nm196923@sis.hust.edu.vn Ngành CTTT- Kỹ thuật ô tô Giảng viên hướng dẫn: TS.Lê Văn Nghĩa Bộ mơn: Viện: Ơ tơ xe chuyên dụng Cơ Khí Động Lưc HÀ NỘI, 12/2022 Chữ ký GVHD ĐỀ TÀI Biểu mẫu Đề tài/khóa luận tốt nghiệp theo qui định viện, nhiên cần đảm bảo giáo viên giao đề tài ký ghi rõ họ tên Trường hợp có giáo viên hướng dẫn ký tên Giáo viên hướng dẫn Ký ghi rõ họ tên Lời cảm ơn Đây mục tùy chọn, nên viết phần cảm ơn ngắn gọn, tránh dùng từ sáo rỗng, giới hạn khoảng 100-150 từ Tóm tắt nội dung đồ án Tóm tắt nội dung đồ án tốt nghiệp khoảng tối đa 300 chữ Phần tóm tắt cần nêu ý: vấn đề cần thực hiện; phương pháp thực hiện; công cụ sử dụng (phần mềm, phần cứng…); kết đồ án có phù hợp với vấn đề đặt hay khơng; tính thực tế đồ án, định hướng phát triển mở rộng đồ án (nếu có); kiến thức kỹ mà sinh viên đạt Sinh viên thực Ký ghi rõ họ tên MỤC LỤC CHƯƠNG OVERVIEW 1.1 The use of the gearbox 1.2 Gearbox requirements .2 1.3 Gearbox classification .2 1.3.1 types: According to the control method, it is divided into the following 1.3.2 Classified by the number of levels: 11 1.3.3 According to the dynamic diagram, it is divided into: gearboxes with fixed shafts (2.3 or more axes) and planetary gearboxes (one row, two rows) 12 1.4 Choose design options 13 1.4.1 Gearbox with two shaft and speed .14 1.4.2 Gear box with three shaft and speed 15 1.5 Gearbox on Hyundai i10 .16 1.5.1 Working principle of gearbox: 16 1.5.2 Working principle of synchronizer: 17 1.5.3 Working principle of gear shifting: 19 1.5.4 Working principle of interlock mechanism: 19 1.5.5 Components : 21 DANH MỤC HÌNH VẼ Hình 2.1 Đồ thị kiểu bánh 20 Hình 2.2 Đồ thị kiểu ngang 20 Hình 2.3 Đồ thị kiểu cột đứng 21 Hình 2.4 Đồ thị kiểu đường 21 Hình 2.5 Đồ thị kiểu diện tích 22 DANH MỤC HÌNH VẼ Bảng 1.1 Thống kê thiết bị giá thành .8 CHƯƠNG OVERVIEW 1.1 The use of the gearbox Why we need a gearbox? A gearbox is necessary for petrol powered cars because petrol engines are very not effecient at very low or very high turnover rates, called RPMs The first thing to understand is something called a gear ratio If a full setup has no gears, meaning the power was somehow applied directly to the wheels, the gear ratio would be This means for one turn of the engine, or crank shaft which is the shaft coming out of the engine, there would be one full turn of the wheels However, in most scenarios it's useful to change the gear ratio depending on the power and speed you want, and the power output of the engine The higher the gear ratio the more often the engine has to turn for each turn of wheels This increases power per engine turn but decreases distance traveled per turn, and therefore speed Because petrol engines change power and efficiency depending on how fast they are spinning, you want to keep the engine spinning where it's efficient no matter what speed you're going, or what you're trying to (engines are more fuel efficient at lower rotations per minute, but more powerful at higher RPMs, for example) The gearbox is a set of gears that allow you to change the gear ratio while the car is moving to try and keep the engine running at its most efficient, and to give you extra power or extra miles per gallon when you want The gearbox is used to change the number of revolutions and torque of the engine transmitted to the active wheels (both in gear position and direction) to suit the ever-changing working conditions of cars and tractors The engine itself cannot meet because: Low torque adaptation factor (Km= 1.05 ÷1.25) Relatively high minimum number of stable revolutions (min= 350 ÷ 400rpm) The direction of rotation cannot be changed by itself In addition, the gearbox is also used to - Long-term separation of the engine from the transmission system when necessary such as when starting the engine, when stopping the vehicle for the engine to idling, when driving the vehicle under inertia - Driving working parts on specialized vehicles, such as trucks with winches, dump trucks, cranes and other equipment 1.2 Gearbox requirements -Having the appropriate gear ratio and number of gears, ensuring the quality of power and fuel economy needed for tractors: When engine is working, we always want it work with highest efficiency but with different condition the engine can it So we need a suitable gear ration on gear box in order the engine working in high efficiency as much as it can - Working smoothly, shifting gears smoothly, without impact: When we shifting gear, the gear match together with different rotation speed, if we not have mechanism to it smoothly, gear will wear and tear very fast -Has an intermediate position to be able to permanently cut the engine from the transmission: When we shifting gear, we need to cut the engine from the transmission in order to shifting gears smoothly -Simple structure, reliable and sustainable work: Gearbox need to check and maintain easily - High performance, small volume, low cost: Gearbox also must have economic efficiency - High power transmission efficiency: Save fuel consumption and have protect engine - Have interlock mechanism: preventing the double meshing of a transmission - Have signaling structure when on reverse gear: Safety mechanism 1.3 Gearbox classification There are many type of car are used nowadays so to guaranteed the requirement of these car we also have a lot of type of gearbox and they can divided into many class which mentioned below 1.3.1 According to the control method, it is divided into the following types: A, Manual transmission A manual transmission (MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada and the United Kingdom), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission system, where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles) Picture 1.1: Diagram of MT I : Primary shaft , II : intermediate shaft , III : secondary shaft Manual tranmission are widely used because of their simple structure and high efficiency ( 0,96 ÷ 0, 98 ) , low price, small size and weight ADVANTAGES OF MANUAL TRANSMISSION Better perceive when driving One of the advantages of manual transmission when compared to automatic transmission and continuously variable transmission is that it gives a drive a little more control over how hard the engine works and how much power gets to the wheels due to direct gear selection and torque transfer regulation Most sports cars come with manual transmissions due to better control over the engine that translates to direct driver involvement In addition, off-road vehicles and trucks are often equipped with manual transmissions due to direct gear selection and more durability in rugged driving conditions Durability and low maintenance Another benefit of manual transmission is longevity due to durability and low maintenance When compared to automatic transmission and continuously variable transmission, a manual transmission has simpler mechanical specifications and fewer mechanical parts Also, manual transmission is smaller and more compact than AT although a CVT has similar compact orientation Nonetheless, the inherent physical and mechanical characteristics of manual transmission translate to resiliency from wear and tear, lesser maintenance requirements, and easier reparability 3 More Cost-Effective The price of vehicles equipped with manual transmissions is usually lower than similar vehicle models come with an automatic transmission or continuously variable transmission variant Specifically, the price difference ranges from $1000 to $3000 Furthermore, the durability, lower maintenance frequency, and easier reparability of MT boxes translate to lower maintenance and repair costs It is also worth mentioning that in a manual gearbox, the engine slows down the vehicle more effectively whenever the driver releases the engine speed control In an automatic transmission, engine-breaking is less effective, thus resulting in more usage of breaks and shorter break life Push Starting Push starting is another advantage of manual transmission Also known as clutch starting or crash starting, push starting is a method of starting a vehicle when other starting methods are unavailable due to a low battery or other hardware failures DISADVANTAGES OF MANUAL TRANSMISSION Complexity of Use There are other more specifics disadvantages due to the operational complexity of manual transmission For example, in heavy traffic or long drives, a driver needs to operate the clutch pedal more frequently while removing one hand from the steering wheel periodically while the vehicle is in motion to continuously select the correct gear Driving up or down the hill, and stopping on hill are considerably more difficult in vehicles with manual gearboxes Relatively Slower Shifting Speed Similar to operational complexity, another disadvantage of manual transmission is a relatively slower shifting speed than automatic transmission or continuously variable transmission This drawback stems from the time required for a driver to operate the clutch pedal and move the gearstick to choose the appropriate gear Mechanical Deterioration Due to Improper Use The clutch is also susceptible to wear and tear under different circumstances For example, driving in the first gear or moving the vehicle from a standstill causes a considerable amount of mechanical stress due to friction B, Automatic transmission The automatic transmission is by far the most common transmission on the road today It uses a highly-complex torque converter to transmit the engine’s rotational energy, while gear shifts are controlled by the vehicle’s computer and accomplished with a planetary gear set and a series of clutches and brakes Picture 1.7:Semi-automatic transmission Semi-automatic is used in: Toyota C-HR, Land Rover Defender, Skoda Karoq,… In Semi-automatic, the way of momen is the same like manual gearbox but the driver can changes gear more easily than manual gearbox 11 1.3.2 Classified by the number of levels: A, There are 3, 4, speed gearbox: Picture 1.8: speed gearbox Picture 1.9: speed gear box B, A gearbox with a gear number greater than is called a multi-speed gearbox: Picture 1.10: Multi-speed gearbox 12 1.3.3 According to the dynamic diagram, it is divided into: gearboxes with fixed shafts (2.3 or more axes) and planetary gearboxes (one row, two rows) A, Gear boxes with fixed shaft (2, or more): Picture 1.11: shaft gear box I : Primary shaft , III : secondary shaft B, Planetary gearboxes (one row, two rows): Picture 1.12: Planetary gearbox 13 1.4 Choose design options 1.4.1 Gearbox with two shaft and speed Figure 1.13: Gearbox has two shaft and speed This type of gearbox is widely used in small car which has horizontal engine, FWD thanks to simple design, not have much components, cheaper and high stability The way of momentum is from primary shaft to secondary shaft to drive gear and the differential Pros: -Simple structure -High stability -Cheap -High durable 14 ... friction B, Automatic transmission The automatic transmission is by far the most common transmission on the road today It uses a highly-complex torque converter to transmit the engine’s rotational... 350 ÷ 400rpm) The direction of rotation cannot be changed by itself In addition, the gearbox is also used to - Long-term separation of the engine from the transmission system when necessary such... electronic transmission control unit This is then put together with a conventional H gearbox which in turn works with the engine of the car To explain it in even simpler terms, the IMT transmission