Research on some parameters for the process of cutting cassava shaft type to achieve optimal results

https //iaeme com/Home/journal/IJDMT 10 editor@iaeme com International Journal of Design and Manufacturing Technology (IJDMT) Volume 13, Issue 1, January December 2022, pp 10–18, Article ID IJDMT 13 0[.]

International Journal of Design and Manufacturing Technology (IJDMT) Volume 13, Issue 1, January-December 2022, pp 10–18, Article ID: IJDMT_13_01_002 Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJDMT?Volume=13&Issue=1 ISSN Print: 0976 – 6995 and ISSN Online: 0976 – 7002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.34218/IJDMT.13.1.2022.002 © IAEME Publication RESEARCH ON SOME PARAMETERS FOR THE PROCESS OF CUTTING CASSAVA SHAFT TYPE TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL RESULTS Nam Tran Duy1, Van Sang Nguyen2 1,2 Dong Nai Technology University, Vietnam ABSTRACT A special feature for machines planted with hard cuttings such as sugarcane and cassava is the cutting mechanism The task of the cutting mechanism is not only to ensure the length of cuttings planted, cuttings are not crushed, but also to ensure the distance between the cuttings planted on the row as prescribed During the working process, cuttings are automatically cut and spread into the planting trench Structure cutting cuttings for sugarcane and cassava according to the principle of cutting shaft type This cutting principle is only applied in some narrow industries of food production to cut confectionery and plants Therefore, there are still many shortcomings Therefore, Therefore, in the design and manufacturing plan, a cassava growing machine from cuttings, engineers and technical experts still need to learn and when determining the working parameters for the cutting mechanism to ensure full meet the agronomic requirements for cuttings If the parameters are not calculated and tested correctly, it can lead to the phenomenon of cuttings not breaking, cutting length is not guaranteed, cuttings are crushed not only the cutting cross section but sometimes on the whole stem The drive for the cutting mechanism is not reasonable Therefore, this paper will study some parameters of the cassava cutting structure of the cassava planter with urgency, scientific significance and practical significance This is the scientific basis for designing cutting cutting mechanism in particular and cassava drum machine in general Key words: Kinematics, Cutter mechanism, Rolling principle Cite this Article: Nam Tran Duy and Van Sang Nguyen, Research on Some Parameters for the Process of Cutting Cassava Shaft Type to Achieve Optimal Results, International Journal of Design and Manufacturing Technology (IJDMT), 13(1), 2022, pp 10-18 https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJDMT?Volume=13&Issue=1 INTRODUCTION In agricultural production in our country, cassava is an important food crop Currently, cassava is tending to increase both area and output, competing with other other crops such as rice, sugarcane [1] However, cassava is still one of the crops with the lowest degree of https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 10 editor@iaeme.com Research on Some Parameters for the Process of Cutting Cassava Shaft Type to Achieve Optimal Results mechanization [2-3] Even cassava cultivation is still done by manual method in the form of rows and cuttings, even in cassava-growing regions of the country such as the Southeast, the Central Highlands, the mountains and the Northern Midlands Although up to now, there have been many scientific projects at all levels on mechanization of cassava cultivation, but the yield is low, the cost of planting is high (even higher than the mechanization method combined with manual methods) [4-6]The length between the cuttings on the planting row is uneven because it depends on the cutting operation of the workers to plant, the intensity of the workers is high, they have to invest in more cutting machines but the use time is low Because of the same system of cassava cutting machines, the cassava cutting machine has not achieved the expected results and the kinematic parameters for the cassava cutting mechanism not optimized yet, this paper will research and give the results the results and building a model to calculate the kinematic parameters for the shaft-type cassava cutting mechanism [7-10] EXPERIMENTAL MODEL The experimental machine is a mechanism to cut cassava cuttings according to the principle of the rolling shaft on the semi-automatic cassava growing machine MTM – Figure Semi-automatic cassava growing machine MTM -2 Figure The mechanism of cutting cassava cuttings on a semi-automatic cassava growing machine from cuttings The left cutter drum, The right cutter drum, Cutting knife,4 Rubber hose, Cassava seedlings https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 11 editor@iaeme.com Nam Tran Duy and Van Sang Nguyen BUILDING THE BLACK BOX PROBLEM 3.1 Black Box Problem From the presented analysis results, the empirical research model has the form of a black box problem as shown in Figure Figure Math of model “Black box” + Input parameters: sharpening angle  [degrees]; cutter convolution s [mm] + Output parameters: Cost capacity for cassava stem cutting process Ncs [w] EXPERIMENTAL AND RESULTS Set the base level for the cutting tool short to 3.5 [mm] Choose a variation range of [mm] (equivalent to 1/3.5 = 28.6% of the base-level short cut) So the level above +1 for the short cut cutter will be s+1 = 3.5 + = 4.5 [mm] A level below -1 for the cutting tool short will be s-1 = 3.5 – = 2.5 [mm] The star level above + = +1,4142 for the short cut cutter will be s + = 3,5 + 1.1,4142 = 4,9 [mm] The star level below – = –1,4142 for the short cut cutter will be s– = 3,5 – 1.1,4142 = 2,1[mm] The results of determining the experimental domain are established as in Table Table Experimental domain Parameter  [0] Level Upper level + Upper level - Base level Lower star level: -  = -2 Over star rating: +  = +2 S[mm] 22,0 14,0 18,0 12,3 23,7 2,5 3,5 4,5 2,1 4,9 4.1 Experimental Results Experiment according to the established experimental matrix The experimental results are as shown in Tables and together with the experimental matrix Table Experimental results Experiment order  [0] 18,0 18,0 23,7 22,0 Input parameters s [mm] 3,5 2,1 3,5 4,5 https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 12 Output parameters Ncs [W] 538 707 795 617 editor@iaeme.com Research on Some Parameters for the Process of Cutting Cassava Shaft Type to Achieve Optimal Results 10 11 18,0 12,3 22,0 14,0 18,0 18,0 14,0 3,5 3,5 2,5 4,5 3,5 4,9 2,5 512 518 836 571 563 568 571 Table Experimental matrix and results in coded form Run Input parameters X1 10 11 Output parameters y [W] 538 707 795 617 512 518 836 574 563 568 571 x2 0,0000 0,0000 1,4142 1,0000 0,0000 -1,4142 1,0000 -1,0000 0,0000 0,0000 -1,0000 0,0000 -1,4142 0,0000 1,0000 0,0000 0,0000 -1,0000 1,0000 0,0000 1,4142 -1,0000 Comment on test results + The power cost for cutting cutting process is the smallest in the experiment achieved is 512 [W] when the sharpening angle  = 18 [0] and the cutting cutting edge is 3.51 mm + The maximum cost capacity for cutting cutting process in the experiment was 836 [W] when the sharpening angle  = 22 [0] and the cutting edge constriction was 2.5 mm 4.2 Model Analysis Analyze the level of influence Using the program Statgraphic vers 7.0 to assess the influence of regression coefficients (specific for input parameters) to the model or cost-power function for cassava stem cutting in cassava cutting cutting mechanism y axis (Ncs) Pareto Chart for y A:x1 9.70 B:x2 -5.72 AA 5.59 BB 4.71 AB -4.35 10 standardized effects Figure Influence chart of the regression coefficients to the public function shaft cutting capacity of cassava cuttings rolling coded form y[W] https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 13 editor@iaeme.com Nam Tran Duy and Van Sang Nguyen Pareto Chart for Ncs A: 9.70 B:s -5.72 AA 5.59 BB 4.71 AB -4.35 standardized effects 10 Figure The graph of the influence of the coefficients of regression to the rate at the shear mechanism cassava cuttings of real shaft type Ncs[W] Based on the "length" representing the magnitude of the regression coefficient on the graph to evaluate the effect on the cost capacity for the cassava stem cutting process in the y-axis type cassava cutting mechanism ( Ncs) [W] from high to low for the effects of the input factors are: first-order effect of both the tool sharpening angle  [degrees] (x1) and the cutter convolution s [mm] (x2); the second-order effect of both the tool sharpening angle  [degrees] (x1) and the cutter convolution s [mm] (x2); Interaction between the tool sharpening angle factor  [degrees] (x1) with the cutter's convolution factor s [mm] (x1) [7] With the presence of regression terms of order II, it proves that the research factors all have a nonlinear effect on the cost capacity for cassava stem cutting in the y-axis cassava cutting mechanism (Ncs) [W] Graph the Representation The graph of Ncs –  – s is shown in 3D space in Figure 3.6 and in 2D (flat) space in Figure 3.7 for the model in real form  [degrees] Figure Graph of the relationship Ncs –  – s in the form of 3D space https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 14 editor@iaeme.com Research on Some Parameters for the Process of Cutting Cassava Shaft Type to Achieve Optimal Results + [degrees] Figure Graph of relationship Ncs –  – s in flat form The graph y – x1 – x2 is shown in 3D space in Figure and 2D (flat) space in Figure for the model in encrypted form Graph y – x1 – x2 Figure Graph of the relationship y – x1 – x2 in the form of 3D space Graph y – x1 – x2 Figure Graph of relationship y – x1 – x2 in flat form https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 15 editor@iaeme.com Nam Tran Duy and Van Sang Nguyen 4.3 Experiment to Check the Optimal Mode Experiment Results Experimental results with the cassava cutting mechanism of the MTM-2 cassava planter working in the optimal mode are shown in Table Table Experimental results at the optimal working mode Order Measurement parameters, units of measure Cost capacity for cassava cutting mechanism Ncs [W] 522 Measurement results on the sample Medium 491 480 495 507 499 Data processing and analysis of experimental results The experimental standard deviation of capacity and cost for the cassava stem cutting process of the rolling mill type cassava cutting mechanism in the MTM-2 machine at the optimal working mode is calculated by the formula:  (Ncsi − N cs ) S= i =1 n −1 = 16,0779 [W] (1.17) In which: Ncsi – cost capacity for cassava stem cutting process of cassava cutting mechanism in sample i, [W]; N cs – the average specific power cost for pressing of the sample, = 499 [W]; n – number of experiments, n = The confidence interval (area) for the cost capacity for cassava stem cutting of the manifold cutting mechanism of the MTM-2 at the optimal operating mode is: N cs – t p/2 S S  Ncs [W]  N cs + t p/2 n n In which: p – significance level, p = 0.05; n – sample capacity, n = 5; tp/2 – numerical standard according to student's standard of checking according to the number of degrees of freedom k = n - = - = and significance level p/2 = 0.025, tp/2 = 2.776 16,0779 16,0779 499 – 2,776 [W]  Ncs  499 + 2,776 [W] 5 479 [W]  Ncs  519 [W] (1.18) Evaluation of the error between experimental results and the (optimal) model on the cost capacity for cassava stem cutting process of the roll-type cassava cutting mechanism in the MTM-2 machine at the optimal working mode to be: [9] N − N cs optimal TN 505 − 499 = 1,19 [%] (1.19) 100 cs optimal TT = 100 N cs optimal TT 505 https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 16 editor@iaeme.com Research on Some Parameters for the Process of Cutting Cassava Shaft Type to Achieve Optimal Results In which: Ncs optimal TN – average value of cost capacity for cassava stem cutting process of rolling mill type cassava cutting mechanism in MTM – machine at optimal working mode, Ncs optimal TN = 499 [W]; N cs optimal TT – cost capacity for cassava stem cutting process of manifold cutting mechanism in MTM machine – calculated in the optimal mode, N cs optimal TT = 505 [W] CONCLUSION • • • • Cassava cuttings grown according to the principle of the shaft need to have a convolution between two cutters located on two drums when facing each other to ensure conditions for cutting the stem This relationship satisfies the condition: 2e.cos  , where e [mm] – eccentricity of the tool, [độ] – sharpening angle, [mm] – clearance between tools The power required to cut cassava stalks for cuttings Ncs[W] on the MTM-2 cassava planter has a second-order polynomial mathematical model for two structural parameters of the cutter, the sharpening angle [0] and the convolution of the cutter s[mm] are built by the experimental planning method with high accuracy, which is suitable in theory and experiment The optimization parameters for the cassava cutting mechanism according to the rolling principle are determined from the results of calculation and optimization of the mathematical model Calculation results are optimized for N cs optimal = 505 [W], the optimal sharpening angle  optimal = 15,4[0], the convolution of the cutter has the optimal s optimal = 3.6 [mm ] Experimental testing of the optimal working mode shows that there is a good agreement between theory (optimum calculation) and experiment The error between theory (optimum calculation) and experiment on the power required to cut cassava stems for cuttings is 1.19 [%] REFERENCES [1] Nguyen Nhu Nam and Tran Thi Thanh, 2000 Mechanical processing of agricultural and food products Publishing House Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 286 pages [2] Резник Н Е., 1964 Силлособборочные Комбайны – Теория и расчет Машиностроение Москва, СССР [3] Резник Н Е., 1975 Теория резания лезвием и основы расчета режуцих аппаратов Машиностроение Москва, СССР.Y Yan, B Ni, X Yang, Person re-identification via Recurrent Feature Aggregation, in European Conference on Computer Vision, 2016, Springer, pp.701–716 [4] Nong The Can, Bui Huy Thanh, Nguyen Duy Lan, Vu Quoc Trung (1981), Hoa Color (volume 1) Preliminary processing and preservation, Publishing House Agriculture, Hanoi [5] Hong Dat Street (2004), Cassava from food crops to industrial crops, Publishing House Labor - Society, Hanoi [6] Hoang Kim, Pham Van Bien (1995), Cassava, Publishing House Agriculture, Ho Chi Minh City [7] Ha Duc Thai (2010), Research on technology selection, design and manufacture of machines for mechanization and harvesting of cassava in concentrated cassava production areas, Summary report on scientific and technological results of high-level topic State code KC.07/0610, Lead agency – Hanoi University of Agriculture https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 17 editor@iaeme.com Nam Tran Duy and Van Sang Nguyen [8] VNCP-IAS-CIAT-VEDAN, Hoang Kim, Nguyen Dang Mai (2001), Vietnam Cassava: Current status, orientation and development solutions in the early years of the 21st century Publisher Agriculture, Ho Chi Minh City [9] Mandal S.K and Maji P.K (2008), “Design Refinement of Row Tractor Mounted Sugarcane Cutter Planter”, Engineering International: the CIGR Ejournal, Manuscript PM 06 020, Vol (X), February, pp – – 14 [10] Yaday R.N.S., Chaudhuri D., Sharma M P., Kamthe P R and Tajuddin A., 2004, “Evaluation, Refinement and Development of Tractor Operated Sugarcane Cutter Planters”, Sugar Tech, Vol (6), pp – 14 https://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJDMT 18 editor@iaeme.com .. .Research on Some Parameters for the Process of Cutting Cassava Shaft Type to Achieve Optimal Results mechanization [2-3] Even cassava cultivation is still done by manual method in the form of. .. Research on Some Parameters for the Process of Cutting Cassava Shaft Type to Achieve Optimal Results In which: Ncs optimal TN – average value of cost capacity for cassava stem cutting process of rolling... Evaluation of the error between experimental results and the (optimal) model on the cost capacity for cassava stem cutting process of the roll -type cassava cutting mechanism in the MTM-2 machine at the