ngữ pháp tiếng anh nâng cao, hỗ trợ các bạn học tốt chương trình ngữ pháp c1 tại trường, nâng cao khả năng học tập, phát triển kỹ năng ngữ pháp tại trường, tự tin sử dụng hợp lý cấu trúc. thành thạo trở thành người dùng tiếng anh giỏi.
Reported Speech What is Reported Speech? • “We have a mini-test today,” said Lan ➔ Direct speech • Lan said (that) we had a mini-test that day ➔ Indirect speech OR reported speech • A style used to report what a speaker actually said • Words changed • No quotation marks Notes: Punctuations in Direct Speech “I’ll be off next week,” said Mary “I’ll be off next week,” Mary said “I’ll be off next week,” said she “I’ll be off next week,” she said “Are you okay?,” she asked “Are you okay?” she asked “Are you okay?”, she asked Types Reported statements Reported questions Reported commands/requests/suggestions Reported Statements • Usually introduced by SAY or TELL • THAT is optional • Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives changed according to context • “I like your car,” he said to Mary • Adverbials (of place and time) changed according to context • Verb forms changed Adverbials of time tonight, today, this week/month/year now now that yesterday, last night/ week/month/year tomorrow, next week/ month/year two days/months/years ago that night, that day, that week/month/year then, at that time, at once, immediately since the day before, the previous night/week/ month/year the following day/the day after, the following/ next week/month/year two days/months/years before Certain words • This => that • These => those • Here => there • Come => go Verb forms in Reported Speech • Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive: no change • Past Simple: changed to Past Perfect or remaining the same • Verb forms in time clauses remaining the same “She came to my house while I was doing laundry,” he said ➔ He said (that) she had come / came to his house while he was doing laundry Verb Forms in Reported Speech • If the reported sentence is out of date, the verb form changes • If the reported sentence is up to date, the verb form doesn’t change (still true at the moment of speaking/ writing) “Rose called this morning,” said Peter (last Sunday) ➔ Peter said (that) Rose had called that morning (7 p.m today) “Rose called this morning,” said Peter (5 p.m today) ➔ He said (that) she called this morning (7 p.m today) Verb Forms Not Changing When … • Reporting verb is in present or future • The speaker expresses general truths, permanent states or conditions • The reported sentence deals with conditionals type and 3, wishes or unreal past • The speaker is reporting something right after it is said (up to date) • If the speaker reports something which is believed to be untrue, the verb forms change 10 Reported Questions • Introduced with ASK, WONDER, INQUIRE, etc • Statement word order • Wh-questions: ask + wh-word • Yes/No questions: ask + if/whether “Where did you have lunch?” => I asked Elaine where she’d had lunch (NOT where had she) “Can we take photos?” => Anna wondered if we could take photos (NOT if could we) Could you tell me what time it is, please? 11 Reported Commands/Requests/Suggestions • To report orders, requests, warnings, advice, and invitations • Used with infinitives or -Ings “Watch out,” he said to me ➔ watch out “Let’s play chess,” he said ➔ playing chess He told me to He suggested 12 Modals change • can => could • may => might • must => had to-Inf, was/were to-Inf • mustn’t => mustn’t, was/were not to-Inf, shouldn’t • must have p.p => must have p.p • needn’t => had to-Inf, didn’t have to-Inf, wouldn’t have to-Inf • will => would 13 When I told Peter that the dog has/had eaten my homework, he didn’t believe me Adam told me that his girlfriend doesn’t/didn’t eat meal at all When I saw Ed yesterday morning, he told me that he is/was going to look at a flat in the afternoon Then we watched it, Paul said he has/had never seen a worse movie in his life Roger told me about the pop quiz He said his team were/had been doing well in the first few founds, but that it all went/had all gone wrong with the round about dance music 14 Did Galileo say that the Earth goes/went round the sun? Phil told me on Friday that he has/had just bumped into Wally Deacon! Babs announced to us all last night that she is/ was finally giving up smoking Did you say that you do/did want sugar in your coffee or not? 10.I told Brian last week that the office isn’t/ wasn’t opening on Tuesday, so I don’t know why he showed up yesterday morning 15 Bod didn’t tell me that he probably wouldn’t be coming in today Last week he told us that we don’t have to that exercise and then yesterday he said he’d made a mistake Did you say these bills had to be paid before tomorrow? Steve said he could play the guitar when he was two years old Do you believe that? Pauline told my mum that she’d had better get a lawyer I think she’s right When we went to the party, Claudia told me that I must be on my best behavior all evening It was very typical of her 16 Darren said Mr Taylor was to have forgotten about the meeting, but I’m not so sure I think he just didn’t want to come When I was a teenager, my dad always told me that I’m not to stay out later than ten o’clock I was pleased when Jilly told us that she can help us paint the flat If only I’d known then what that meant! 10.When I was at school, my English teacher always told us that we don’t have to pay attention but we have to be quiet 11.The letter they sent six months ago said that they shall be in touch again soon Well, I haven’t heard anything since! 12 Seven years ago, the PM stated that his government will be corruption-free It doesn’t look that way now, does it? 17 .. . What is Reported Speech? • “We have a mini-test today,” said Lan ➔ Direct speech • Lan said (that) we had a mini-test that day ➔ Indirect speech OR reported speech • A style used .. . “Are you okay?” she asked “Are you okay?”, she asked Types Reported statements Reported questions Reported commands/requests/suggestions Reported Statements • Usually introduced by SAY or TELL ? ?.. . his house while he was doing laundry Verb Forms in Reported Speech • If the reported sentence is out of date, the verb form changes • If the reported sentence is up to date, the verb form doesn’t