The Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Bacterial Overgrowth pptx

[...]... labeling of the liquid and solid phase by 99mTc, 111In or 113In, or 67Ga The difference between the halfemptying time of the stomach and the half-filling time of the cecum has usually been estimated The more accurate approach, however, is to use the technique of deconvolving the profiles for gastric emptying and colonic filling to obtain a spectrum of transit times, and then to calculate the mean value... with Failure of Intestinal Peristalsis Vantrappen et al [23] for the first time showed the relevance of phase III of the migrating motor complex in the current context, when reporting its absence in 5 of 12 patients with bacterial overgrowth detected by the bile acid breath test and response to antibiotics The consequences of altered intestinal motility patterns for the microflora of the small bowel... testing of bacterial overgrowth) a mune response in the small intestine [196] These findings emphasize corresponding differences in the pathophysiology for the two types of bacterial overgrowth defined by pathogenesis From Pathogenesis to Clinical Management Knowing the cause of the problem can facilitate and improve clinical management In table 3 a clinical algorithm for dealing with each type of bacterial. .. phase of the migrating motor complex at the intake of test solution Moreover, when a lactose-containing meal was used, the coefficient of variation was reduced to 4% [130] The main limitation of breath tests in this setting is the bias induced by the intestinal overgrowth flora, generating a breath signal that can be difficult to distinguish from the arrival of the substrate in the cecum This is further... bacterial overgrowth is proposed based on the insight of the pathogenesis as discussed in the present review Failure of the gastric acid barrier and URT overgrowth are ‘benign’ alterations of gut function, as opposed to bacterial overgrowth with Gram-negative bacilli associated Bacterial Overgrowth with a wide spectrum of potential clinical problems This difference should not be attributed solely to the. .. [198], are good candidates because of limited systemic effects and antimicrobial action along the entire length of the small intestine This rifamycin derivative indeed proved to be one of the most effective antimicrobials in the treatment of bacterial overgrowth [199] References 1 Drasar BS, Shiner M, Mcloed GM: Studies on the intestinal flora The bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract in healthy... carefully presented In the most recent article by Lin [2] the possible role of bacterial overgrowth in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is discussed, paying particular attention to the high prevalence of bloating in this syndrome The high prevalence of bacterial overgrowth in patients with chronic renal failure is a novel finding [3], and a condition to add to the list in the current review... endothelial cells [50, 53] The damage of endothelial cells stimulates the expression of adhesion molecules, leading to leukocyte recruitment [55] Activation of adherent leukocytes would result in the release of leukocyte products, such as reactive oxygen metabolites and proteases which exacerbate the endothelial damage The detachment of endothelial cells as a result of direct and indirect effects of. .. mucus The pathogen invades the mucosa of the distal ileum and colon via the M cells overlying the gut-associated lymphoid tissue [94, 95] Invasion plasmid antigens, which are secreted by the bacteria on contact with M cells or epithelial cells, lead to reorganization of the cytoskeleton through activation of 28 Chemotherapy 2005;51(suppl 1):23–35 small GTPases of the Rho family and recruitment of the. .. This is further hampered by the intermittent passage of the head of a meal into the colon, which may, also under normal conditions, generate multiple signal peaks before a more sustained signal is obtained Breath tests are, therefore, less useful for testing of intestinal transit in the presence of bacterial overgrowth Bacterial Overgrowth Failure of Intestinal Clearance Causes of Failing Intestinal Clearance . colonization of the stomach in severe forms Features of the two main types of bacterial overgrowth, defined by the underlying pathogenesis (see text for details of the failure required to alter the microflora. alterations of clinical management are con- sidered. The Main Defense Mechanisms The pathogenesis of bacterial overgrowth is reviewed by considering separately the consequences of failure of the two. explain the presence of Bacte- roides spp., presumably of the intestinal type, by migra- Bacterial Overgrowth Chemotherapy 2005;51(suppl 1):1–22 9 tion from the ileum due to the change of pH in the