Veterinary Dentistry for the General Practitioner pdf

[...]... made over the tips of the forceps The forceps are then pushed through the esophagus or, in large dogs, an incision is made The distal end of the premeasured feeding tube (marked from stomach or distal esophagus to incision site) is grasped by the forceps and pulled through the esophagus out of the mouth With the aid of forceps, the distal end is then turned back on itself and fed back into the esophagus... gingival epithelium Fig 4.4 The gingival cuff The oral surface is lined by a parakeratinized squamous cell epithelium: the oral gingival epithelium The gingival sulcus is lined by the oral sulcular epithelium which is closely apposed but not adherent to the tooth The junctional epithelium or epithelial attachment is adherent to the tooth surface Both the sulcular epithelium and the junctional epithelium... slide the needle along the medial aspect of the ventral mandible, with the syringe held parallel to the hemimandible to be blocked (Fig 2.3A) When the point of the needle is close to the foramen, move the syringe barrel over to the premolar region of the contralateral side (Fig 2.3B) to give better access to the area around the foramen The needle should be close to the bone of the ventral mandible to... B The mandibular block (intraoral approach) 20 VETERINARY DENTISTRY Fig 2.4 blocking the lingual nerve The calculated dose is deposited Mental block Blocking the mental nerve branches will desensitize the lower lip and the teeth rostral to the mental foramina The needle is inserted into the middle mental foramen at the level of the 2nd premolar tooth (Fig 2.4) and the calculated dose of local anesthetic... epithelia lined by the oral sulcular epithelium In addition to the sulcular epithelium, which is closely apposed to the tooth surface but not attached, there is a thin layer of highly permeable epithelium which is adherent to the tooth surface called the epithelial attachment or junctional epithelium Both the oral sulcular epithelium and the junctional epithelium are nonkeratinized squamous cell epithelia... anesthetic recovery if the nasal passages are occluded with blood and debris They seem reluctant to mouth breathe during the critical time from extubation until they are completely recovered from the effect of the anesthetic Anesthetic agents providing rapid recovery are therefore recommended ANALGESIA Humans can express and describe the sensations of discomfort and/or pain that they experience, and these... except in the palate where no such delineation exists An interdental papilla is formed by the gingival tissues in the spaces between the teeth (the interproximal spaces) The margin of the free gingiva is rounded in such a way that a small invagination or sulcus is formed between the tooth and the gingiva Therefore, the gingival sulcus is a shallow groove surrounding each tooth The depth of the sulcus... entering the mandibular canal This block can be performed using either an extraoral or an intraoral approach For the extraoral approach (Fig 2.2), the needle is inserted into the skin at the lower angle of the jaw, approximately 1.5 cm rostral to the angular process The needle is passed dorsally along the medial surface of the mandibular ramus, staying close to the bone to avoid inadvertently blocking the. .. nerve The mandibular foramen can be palpated intraorally and the needle point guided accurately to the nerve The calculated dose of local anesthetic is deposited in and around the nerve as it enters the mandibular foramen The intraoral approach (Figs 2.3A, B) involves palpating the mandibular foramen intraorally and directing the needle to that area using an oral approach The easiest way is to slide the. .. essential for sectioning multirooted teeth prior to Fig 1.6 Equipment for tooth extraction The author’s preferred periosteal elevators and suturing kit are shown (small instruments are required) The two periosteal elevators on the left are the Fine P24GSP (for cats) and the Howard P9H (for dogs) Also useful for dogs are the Molt P9 and the Periosteal No 9 The size 15 blade shown in the handle is the author’s . is important for the general health and welfare of our pets. Although this book is written for the general practitioner, and therefore covers common conditions in detail, it should also be of value for veterinary students, both during their. are required). The two periosteal elevators on the left are the Fine P24GSP (for cats) and the Howard P9H (for dogs). Also useful for dogs are the Molt P9 and the Periosteal No. 9. The size 15 blade. for veterinary students, both during their initial studies and as they seek specialist qualifications. Preface Thisbook is written for the general practitioner in small animal practice. The aim is to supply all the information