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act a chart type- - A Guide to Microsofl Excel 2002 for Scientists and Engineers A Guide to Microsoft Excel 2002 for Scientists and Engineers Third Edition Bernard V. Liengme St. Francis Xavier University Nova Scotia, Canada ELSEVIER BUTIERWORTH HEINEYANN AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2000 Third edition 2002 Reprinted 2003 Copyright 0 2000, 2002 Bernard V. Liengme. All rights reserved The right of Bernard V. Liengme to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: (+a) (0) 1865 853333; e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk .You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.corn), by selecting ‘Customer Support‘ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 5613 1 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com Printed and bound in Great Britain by Martins the Printers, Berwick upon Tweed Contents Preface xi 1 The Microsoft@' Excel Window Concepts Exercise 1 : Anatomy of the Window Exercise 2: The Workspace Exercise 3: The Menu Bar Exercise 4: The Toolbars Exercise 5: Customizing Menus and Toolbars Exercise 6: Getting Help Problems 2 Basic Operations Concepts Exercise 1 : Filling in a Series of Numbers Exercise 2: Entering and Copying a Formula Notes on Copying Formulas Exercise 3: Formatting the Results Notes on Precision and Formatting Exercise 4: Displayed and Stored Values Exercise 5: Formats Get Copied Exercise 6: Too Many Digits Exercise 7: Calculation Example Exercise 8: Entering Formulas by Pointing Exercise 9: References: Relative, Absolute and Mixed Exercise 10: Editing and Formatting Exercise 1 1 : What's in a Name? Exercise 12: Custom Formats Exercise 13 : Symbols and Such Exercise 14: Fractions Natural Language Formulas Problems 3 Printing a Worksheet Concepts Exercise 1 : A Quick Way to Print Exercise 2: Another Way to Print Exercise 3: Page Setup Exercise 4: Changing Margins Exercise 5: Header and Footer Documenting Worksheets 1 1 4 7 9 11 12 15 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 30 31 32 35 37 39 40 41 42 43 43 44 45 46 47 49 vi A Guide to Microso$ Excel 2002 for Scientists and Engineers Exercise 6: Gridlines and Row/Column Headings Exercise 7: Setting the Print Area Exercise 8: Printing Titles Exercise 9: Forcing Page Breaks Exercise 10: Viewing and Printing Formulas Summary of Print Commands 4 Using Functions Concepts Exercise 1 : AutoSum and AutoCalculate Exercise 2: Insert Function Exercise 3: Entering a Function Directly Exercise 4: Mixed Numeric and Text Values Exercise 5: Trigonometric Functions Exercise 6: Exponential Functions Exercise 7: Rounding Function Exercise 8: Array Functions Some Other Mathematical Functions Working with Time Problems 5 Decision Functions Concepts The IF and the Logical Functions Exercise 1 : A What-if Analysis Exercise 2: Avoiding Division by Zero Exercise 3: Quadratic Equation Solver Exercise 4: Protecting the Worksheet Exercise 5: Imaginary Roots Exercise 6: Logical Functions Table Lookup Functions Exercise 7: Horizontal Lookup Exercise 8: Vertical Lookup Exercise 9: Conditional Summing and Counting Exercise 10: Array Formulas Problems 6 Charts Concepts Types of Charts Line and XY (Scatter) Charts Embedded Charts and Chartsheets Anatomy of a Chart Smoothing Option Exercise 1: Creating an XY Chart 49 50 51 51 52 53 55 58 60 62 63 64 67 67 69 70 71 72 73 73 76 77 78 80 81 82 82 84 85 87 88 90 93 93 93 95 95 96 96 Contents vii Exercise 2: Modifying a Chart Exercise 3: Line Chart with Two Data Series Exercise 4: XY Chart with Two Y-Axes Exercise 5: Combination Chart Exercise 6: Chart with Error Bars Exercise 7: Changing Axis Crossings Exercise 8: Blank Cells in a Data Series Exercise 9: Selecting Non-adjacent Data Exercise 10: A Chart with Two X-Ranges Exercise 1 1 : A Bar Chart with a Difference Exercise 12: Displaying Units Exercise 13: Setting the Default Chart Type Selecting a Chart Component Too Much Data Dynamic Charts Printing a Chart Problems 7 Curve Fitting Concepts Exercise 1 : Finding the Slope and Intercept Exercise 2: Adding the Trendline to a Chart Exercise 3: Adding the Trendline Equation Exercise 4: The LINEST Function Exercise 5: LINEST with Polynomial Data Exercise 6: Non-linear Plots Exercise 7: Residuals Exercise 8: Calibration Curve Exercise 9: Interpolation Exercise 10: Difference Formulas and Tangents Problems 8 User-defined Functions Concepts Security Alert Exercise 1 : The Visual Basic Editor Syntax for a Function Exercise 2: A Simple Function Naming Functions and Variables Worksheet and VBA Functions Exercise 3: When Things Go Wrong Programming Structures Exercise 4: The IF Structure Exercise 5: Boolean Operators Exercise 6: The SELECT Structure 100 104 106 108 108 110 111 111 112 112 113 114 115 116 116 117 117 119 120 121 123 125 126 128 129 130 131 134 136 139 139 141 142 143 145 146 147 148 148 150 152 viii A Guide to Microsoft Excel 2002 for Scientists and Engineers Exercise 7: The FOR .NEXT Structure Exercise 8: The DO .LOOP Structures Variables and Data Types Exercise 9: A User-defined Array Function Exercise 10: Inputting an Array Exercise 1 1 : Improving Insert Function Exercise 12: Some Debugging Tricks Using Functions from Other Workbooks Problems 9 Modelling I Concepts Exercise 1 : Model of a Bouncing Ball Exercise 2: Population Model Exercise 3: Titration Model Exercise 4: Making Waves Exercise 5: Taking Control Problems 10 Solving Equations Concepts A: Finding Roots Exercise 1 : The Bisection Method Finding Roots with Goal Seek Exercise 2: A Simple Quadratic Equation Exercise 3: Solving a Cubic Equation Exercise 4: Transcendental Equations Using Excel’s Solver Exercise 5: Roots of a Cubic Equation with Solver Exercise 6: Using a Constraint Solver Options Concepts B: Solving Simultaneous Equations Exercise 7: A Simple Simultaneous Equations Problem Exercise 8: An Improved Simultaneous Equations Solver Exercise 9: Non-linear Simultaneous Equations Solver Concepts C: Matrix Algebra Exercise 10: Some Matrix Operations Exercise 1 1 : Solving Systems of Linear Equations Concepts D: Curve Fitting Exercise 12: A Linear Curve Fit Exercise 13: A Gaussian Fit with Solver Matrix Diagonal Problems 154 156 160 161 163 164 165 166 169 171 171 174 176 181 183 186 189 189 192 193 195 197 197 198 200 202 203 204 204 206 207 208 210 212 214 21 5 217 219 Contents ix 11 Numerical Integration Concepts Exercise 1 : The Trapezoid Rule Exercise 2: Simpson’s ’/3 Rule Exercise 3: Adding Flexibility Exercise 4: Going Modular Exercise 5: Tabular Data Improper Integrals Exercise 6: Gaussian Integration Exercise 7: Monte Carlo Techniques Problems 12 Differential Equations Concepts Exercise 1 : Euler’s Method Exercise 2: The Runge-Kutta Method Exercise 3: Solving with a User-defined Function Simultaneous and Second-order Differential Equations Exercise 4: Solving a Second-order Equation Exercise 5: The Simple Pendulum Problems 13 Modelling I1 Concepts Exercise 1 : The Four-bar Crank: Using Solver Exercise 2: Temperature Profile: Circular References Exercise 3: Temperature Profile: Matrix Method Exercise 4: Emptying the Tank Exercise 5: An Improved Tank Emptying Model Problems 14 Statistics for Experimenters Concepts Exercise 1 : Descriptive Statistics Exercise 2: Frequency Distribution Exercise 3: The Confidence Limits Exercise 4: Experimental and Expected Mean Exercise 5: Pooled Standard Deviation Exercise 6: Comparing Paired Arrays Exercise 7: Comparing Repeated Measurements Exercise 8: The Calibration Curve Revisited Exercise 9: More on the Calibration Curve Problems 22 1 223 225 227 230 232 233 23 5 228 23 a 24 1 242 245 247 249 250 25 1 253 255 255 259 262 264 272 268 275 275 277 279 28 1 284 289 285 287 29 1 295 [...]... computational tool True, there are more sophisticated mathematical applications, such as Mathematica, MathCAD, Maple, etc., but none are as widely available as Microsoft Excel Furthermore, the learning curve for Excel is very gentle; a little learning goes a long way! Once a few basic skills have been mastered, many spreadsheets may be developed in much the same way one would proceed with pencil, paper and... the cell is also a formatting feature In addition, cells and ranges may be given borders In this book we concentrate on formatting for practical rather than presentation purposes Exercise 1: Filling in a Series of Numbers For Exercises 1 to 3, imagine we have a laboratory heating apparatus with a thermometer calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit We need a table to give approximate Celsius values On completion... thus calculator has a range of 1O*99 You should be aware that conversion from decimal to binary can result in round-off errors Suppose you perform two complex calculations and expect A9 9 and B99 to have the same values Because of round-off errors, the two values may differ by a small amount and the formula =A9 9 - 699 may not give exactly zero but a value such as 0.000 000 000 000 008 or 8E-15 Just as... So, for example, when we are working on a chart, Excel displays the Chart toolbar provided it is checked in the YiewlToolbars menu The Drawing toolbar is useful for annotating a worksheet with arrows and other symbols Use the menu command ViewlIoolbars to make the Drawing toolbar visible Note that its normal docking place is above the status bar but it can be made floating by dragging its handle Experiment... main parts: title bar, menu bar, Standard toolbar, Formatting toolbar, workspace, task pane and status bar You will be familiar with the first four areas from using other applications so they will be described only briefly Title bar In starting Microsoft@ Excel, we have opened a new workbook Because we have not yet saved our work, Excel has given this the default name of Bookl Menu bar The menu bar... way to access the Microsoft Excel commands Commands are actions you perform on your worksheet Examples are: saving the data to a file, printing a worksheet, changing the appearance of some text, etc Toolbars Toolbars are another, more intuitive and quicker, method of accessingcommands Each tool on a toolbar is depicted by an icon 2 A Guide to Microsoft Excel 2002 for Scientists and Engineers We may... range is a rectangular block of cells The cells Al, A2 , A3 , B1, B2 and B3 form a range which we can refer to using Al:B3 In general a range is denoted by the cell references of the top left cell and the bottom right cell separated by a colon Since a range may be a one by one block, the word range may also refer to a single cell In a later chapter, we will learn how to reference a range from another worksheet... information Open the Help menu and click on the item What s This? The cursor changes to a question mark Move the cursor to the Spell tool (it has ABC on its icon) and left click it A larger tool tip with additional information is displayed Note that if you need additional information about another icon you must visit the Help menu item again (b) By default, the Standard and Formatting toolbars are shown... status bar provides information To the left is the message area If your mouse pointer is within the workbook area, this should be showing the word ‘Ready’ To the right are some sculptured boxes called the keyboard indicators Press the [Capslock] key a few times and watch the text ‘CAPS’ appear and disappear Cells and ranges Clearly, we need a way to refer to a specific cell on the worksheet We have... a worksheet has the reference A1 To refer to the cell A 10 on a worksheet named Data when that is not the current sheet, we would use Data!Al0 To refer to a cell in another, open workbook a reference in the form [Book2.xls]Sheetl !A1 is used A reference to a cell in an unopen file requires the full path and the file name We may use 'C:\MyData\[Book2.~ls]SheetI'!Al for example; note that the path and . Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available. True, there are more sophisticated mathematical applications, such as Mathematica, MathCAD, Maple, etc., but none are as widely available as Microsoft Excel. Furthermore, the learning curve. Changing Axis Crossings Exercise 8: Blank Cells in a Data Series Exercise 9: Selecting Non-adjacent Data Exercise 10: A Chart with Two X-Ranges Exercise 1 1 : A Bar Chart with a Difference