Trans fatty acids

Trans Fatty Acids The King and I (Hans-aka Jeff, and Elvis aka Will) http://classes.uleth.ca/200402/bchm2300a/Trans%20Fatty%20Acids.ppt So what’s the big deal? • In 1995 trans fatty acids make up an estimated 4-12% of the average American’s dietary fat intake (Roach et al 2004). • That’s 2-4% of total energy input, or as much as 13.3 g of trans fatty acid/day! • Drink coke What are trans fatty acids • Fatty Acids-long chain carbon complexes • Classified as – Saturated – Unsaturated » Cis-normal biological conformation – Trans-distorted conformation-resembles saturated – Free beer What’s the deal with these fatty acids? • Hydrogenation- a process to transform saturated fatty acids in the form of oils to a more viscous unsaturated form. (eg. Vegetable oil margarine). • This process results in a combination of cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids. • Free Tibet The chemistry? Cis The chemistry-trans The chemistry-saturated So what’s the big deal? • Trans fatty acids do occur in nature (Jirovitz et al), but in extremely small amounts. Thanks to the process of hydrogenation, a little bit has turned into a lot. • Legalize marijuana So what’s the big deal? • Fatty acids play many important roles in the cell – Intracellular signaling – Make up membrane that holds the cell together – Energy storage So what? • Well, since this drastic change in conformation changes how the fatty acid functions in the roles it holds. This has implicated it in many health problems – Increase in coronary disease, and arteriosclerosis rates – Potential carcinogens – Accumulates in body-tougher to get rid of! [...]... significantly inhibited by polyunsaturated fattyacids • Trans fatty acids may modify the activity of receptors and other membrane proteins • Bush Sucks-one term president!!! What’s the cancer connection • Strong correlations between accumulation of trans fatty acids in butt fat, and breast cancer rates • Comparisons were done with women who had low, vs high trans fatty acid consumption • Showed 40% increase... chain of the fatty acid • In chemistry, shape has a strong influence on how the molecule interacts with other molecules • Eat fries What happens to the membrane? Figure 1 Effect of conformation on membrane fluidity Any more bad news? Figure 2 Effect of conformation on membrane permeability How do they contribute to heart disease? • Activity of 12-P LOX is suppressed by all cis trans fatty acids used... References • Special Thanks to Johnny Mack, and Jewels, for the “Renegades”, and the the hair care! • Roach et al Comparison of cis and trans fatty acid containing phosphatidylcholines on membrane properties Biochemistry 2004, 43, 6344-6351 • • Ewa Stachowska et al Trans Fatty Isomers Modify Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase/Thromboxane Synthase Nutrition Volume 20, Number 6, 2004 • • • JIROVETZ et al Aroma . Trans Fatty Acids The King and I (Hans-aka Jeff, and Elvis aka Will) http://classes.uleth.ca/200402/bchm2300a /Trans% 2 0Fatty% 2 0Acids. ppt So what’s the big deal? • In 1995 trans fatty acids. of trans fatty acid/day! • Drink coke What are trans fatty acids • Fatty Acids- long chain carbon complexes • Classified as – Saturated – Unsaturated » Cis-normal biological conformation – Trans- distorted. is suppressed by all cis trans fatty acids used • Cycloxygenase/thromboxane synthase activity is significantly inhibited by polyunsaturated fattyacids. • Trans fatty acids may modify the activity