digital electronics
9/9/13 1 Digital Electronics - Part I: Digital Principle - Dr. Lê Dũng Department of Electronics and Computer System (C9-401) School of Electronics and Telecommunications Hanoi University of Science and Technology Email: ledung-fet@mail.hut.edu.vn Part I: Digital Principles - Overview Boolean Functions (Boolean Algebra) True False 1 0 High Low Basic Logic Gates Inverter,AND,OR,NAND,NOR,XOR,XNOR Electronic circuits (Transistor BJT, Diode, Resister, MOS ) Implementation Digital System Digital Integrated Circuits Information Digitalization Logic Level Logic Clause Sequential Logic Circuits Combinational Logic Circuits Logic Circuits Analysis & Synthesis - Custom design - Standard cell design - Gate array - PLA, PLD, FPGA - FSMD design - VHDL Logic Families RTL, DTL, HTL TTL, CMOS PMOS, NMOS, BiMOS, ECL, Specifications: - Current & Voltages - Fan-in, Fan-out - Propagation Delay - Noise Margin - Power Dissipation - Speed Power Product Open-Collector Output & Tristate Output Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 2 9/9/13 2 Part I: Digital Principles - Contents Chapter 1 : Binary system and Binary Codes Chapter 2 : Boolean Algebra Chapter 3 : Logic Gates, Logic Circuits and Digital Integrated Circuits Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 3 Logic Gates, Logic Circuits and Digital Integrated Circuits Chapter 3 3.1 Logic Gates + Electronic switches and Logic Levels in Digital Circuits + Basic Logic Gates 3.2 Logic Circuits + Principles of Logic Gate Connection + Two models of Logic Circuit + Synthesis and Analysis Logic Circuits + Active Level and Active Level Conversion 3.3 Digital Integrated Circuits + Integrated Circuit (IC) and Scale of Integration. + Digital IC Families (TTL, CMOS) + Specifications of Digital IC Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 4 9/9/13 3 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 5 3.1 LOGIC GATES Digital circuits work with 0 and 1 and use “switches” Ref.: http://www.wordbench.com/video/ucan.html How to make an electronic “switch” in digital circuit ?. Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 6 3.1 LOGIC GATES BJT works as a switch in a digital circuits Ref.: http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_4.html Cut-off Saturation BJT switches TTL families 9/9/13 4 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 7 3.1 LOGIC GATES MOSFET works as a switch in a digital circuits N-MOSFET (N-Channel Metal–Oxide– Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Cut-off Full-saturation Ref.: http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transistor/tran_4.html MOSFET switches CMOS Families Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 8 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Levels: are usually represented by the voltage ranges. 9/9/13 5 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 9 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Levels: V CC , V IH , V IL , V OH ,V OL Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 10 3.1 LOGIC GATES A Logic Gate is physical device implementing a basic Boolean function and working on logic levels. Logic gates are primarily implemented using diodes or transistors acting as electronic switches 9/9/13 6 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 11 3.1 LOGIC GATES 7 Logic Gates Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 12 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Gates in Small Scale Integrated IC Hex (6) Inverters IC 7404 INVETER gate TTL inverter gate circuit 9/9/13 7 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 13 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Gates in Small Scale Integrated IC Quadruple 2-Input And-gates IC 7408 AND gate TTL AND gate circuit Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 14 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Gates in Small Scale Integrated IC Quadruple 2-Input OR-gates IC 7432 OR gate TTL OR gate circuit 9/9/13 8 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 15 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Gates in Small Scale Integrated IC Quadruple 2-Input NAND-gates IC 7400 NAND gate TTL NAND gate circuit Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 16 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Gates in Small Scale Integrated IC Quadruple 2-Input NOR-gates IC 7402 NOR gate TTL NOR gate circuit 9/9/13 9 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 17 3.1 LOGIC GATES Logic Gates in Small Scale Integrated IC Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 18 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Principles of Logic Gate Connection The rules of connection ?. 9/9/13 10 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 19 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Principles of Logic Gate Connection e.g. TTL output connects to CMOS input Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 20 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Principles of Logic Gate Connection the rules + Must be compatible in logic level + One output can control more than one input + Two or more outputs usually should not be connected together. + Don’t let an input as a floating input. [...]... behavior Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 37 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS The structure of standard TTL NAND Gate: Multiple emitter and Totem pole Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 38 19 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS The operation of standard TTL NAND gate Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 39 3. 3 DIGITAL. .. Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 43 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Structure of Low-power Schottky TTL Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 44 22 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Structure of NMOS gate Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 45 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Structure of CMOS gate Dr Le Dung. .. gate Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 40 20 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Tri-state or Hi-Z output of TTL gate Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 41 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Tri-states output application Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 42 21 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Open collector... Product Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 53 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Specifications of Digital IC Speed and power dissipation of TTL and CMOS families Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 54 27 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS TTL and CMOS connections Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 55 3. 3 DIGITAL. ..9/9/ 13 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Two models of Logic Circuits Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 21 3. 2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Synthesis and Analysis Logic Circuits Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 22 11 9/9/ 13 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Active Level (Asserted level) Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 23 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Active Level... implemented on a single chip Digital ICs Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 29 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Lithography for integrated circuit fabrication Pattern transfer Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 30 15 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Scale of Integration more(109 - * Giga-scale integration(GSI) 1,000,000 or * Tera-scale... Emitter Coupled Logic MOS : Metal Oxide Semiconductor Logic (PMOS and NMOS) CMOS : Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Logic BiCMOS : Combines bipolar and CMOS devices into single integrated circuit Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 33 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Digital IC notation Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 34 17 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL. .. Noise Margin Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 48 24 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Specifications of Digital IC Currents & Fan-out, Fan-in Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 49 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Specifications of Digital IC Currents of the logic families Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications... 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Specifications of Digital IC Propagation Delay Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 51 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Specifications of Digital IC Propagation delay of the TTL and CMOS families Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 52 26 9/9/ 13 3 .3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Specifications of Digital. .. Level Conversion Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 24 12 9/9/ 13 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Alternated Logic Gates (active level conversion) Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 25 3. 2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Active level conversion to make a compatible in logic circuits Dr Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 26 13 9/9/ 13 3.2 LOGIC CIRCUITS . circuit. Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 34 3. 3 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CITCUITS Digital IC notation 9/9/ 13 18 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications. Active Level (Asserted level) Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 24 3. 2 LOGIC CIRCUITS Active Level Conversion 9/9/ 13 13 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics. Digital IC Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 4 9/9/ 13 3 Dr. Le Dung - School of Electronics and Telecommunications Page 5 3. 1 LOGIC GATES Digital circuits